1.根據(jù)上下文的情景確定“意義”上正確的詞 利用上下文信息，選擇或填寫正確的詞是完形填空解題時最常用的方法之一。在做四選一的完形填空 時，我們有時會發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個選項從語法角度來講都可以說得通，遇到這種情況，我們應(yīng)細讀上下文，正確 答案會在上下文中得到提示。
試看以下例題：
【例 1】What do I remember about my childhood? There were good things and bad things. We used to live ____, and my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep. A. in a town B. on a farm C. on a busy street D. in a city
【解析】本段主要講作者回憶兒童時代所居住的地方。從四個選項來看都是可能的，語法上都說得通。 但通過下文 my parents always got up early in the morning to feed the cows and sheep 提示我們可 以知道，作者生活在農(nóng)村，故正確答案選 B。
【例 2】I was making a trip from Paris to London. At a small town near London, I stopped to do some s__1__. As I was going into a very crowded shop, I saw a few young people talking about something they had just b__2__.
【解析】本段主要講作者在倫敦的一個小鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)歷。在第一空格處，由下文 a very crowded shop 這 個詞組可以推斷應(yīng)填 shopping，這樣也就很容易判斷第二空格處應(yīng)填 bought 了。
【例 3】I always remember waking up to the smell of the breakfast my mother was cooking. What a wonderful smell! I used to ____, wash quickly and run downstairs. My breakfast would be waiting for me on the table. A. leave the bed B. lie in bed C. jump out of bed D. get up
【解析】本段講每天早上媽媽煮的早餐散發(fā)出誘人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根據(jù)題干，A、 C、D 項均和床有關(guān)聯(lián)，但是根據(jù)上下文情景的提示，此處除表示“起床”之外，還要表達作者迫不及待的 心情。因此只能選 C。
【例 4】 This is a special class. The students come from different c__l__. Some come from America, others from Germany, France, Japan. Their parents are w__2__ in Shanghai.
【解析】 這是一個特殊的班級， 學(xué)生們來自于不同的地方。 根據(jù)下文提到的 America， Germany， France， Japan 可以判斷第一空格處填 countries，由此也可推斷出學(xué)生的父母親們目前在上海工作。第二空格處由 于謂語動詞是 be 動詞，所以這里的時態(tài)為 進行時，表示目前的狀態(tài)。故應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞 working。 2.根據(jù)詞匯的辨析和詞組的搭配來解題 楊晨英語[www.yangchenenglish.com]，楊晨，中考英語、高考英語提分第一人，30 年專注于中考英語提 分、高考英語提分，中考 110，高考 130，通過率 95%。 在選項中設(shè)置四個詞性一致、意義相近的詞是完形填空命題時常用的方法之一。在做此類題目時，必 須要在特定的語境中選擇最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的詞組搭配來進行選擇。在做首字母完形填空時， 尤其應(yīng)注意空格所缺單詞的詞性及詞組搭配。
【例 1】On the train, Tom was looking __l__ for his ticket because the conductor was coming __2__ to his ticket. 1. A. out B. forward C. anywhere D. everywhere 2. A. down B. up C. in D. on
【解析】第一空格處指 Tom 在火車上到處找車票，因此選 D。everywhere 為最佳答案，anywhere 常用 于否定句和疑問句中。第二空格處意為列車員上前查票，走到某人面前 come up to sb.為固定詞組搭配， 因此選 B。
【例 2】After going a diet, a woman f__l__ really good about herself—especially she was a__2__ to fit into a pair of jeans. “Look, look!” she shouted while running downstairs to show her husband. 【解析】本段落主要講一位女士經(jīng)過減肥后可以穿得上一條牛仔褲，并要演示給她丈夫看的情景。第 一空格處表達主人公的感覺很好，因此填 felt;第二空格處表達她能夠穿上牛仔褲了，be able to 為固定 搭配，故應(yīng)填 able。
【例 3】A Japanese manager once said he himself and his workers would all stand while they were having meetings. Do you ____ what he means? A. think B. guess C. know D. understand 【解析】本段講述了一個日本經(jīng)理和他的員工在開會時將都站著。本題問的是“你知道他說話的含義 嗎?”從四個選項看，A 和 B 放入句中意思不通，而 C 和 D 兩個答案很接近。D 選項強調(diào)理解他的意思，從 上文句子看當然很好理解這句話講述了什么事，但是其中的含義就不知道了。因此選項 C 才是最合適 的。 【例 4】In March 1982, there was a t__1__ drought in Australia. The summer rain didn’t fall, and the grass didn’t grow. The farmers had to sell all their sheep. Many sheep d__2__ of hungry. 【解析】從下句 The summer…推斷這是一場嚴重的干旱，故第一空格填 terrible。根據(jù)上文提及的嚴 重干旱可以知道由此導(dǎo)致很多羊死于饑餓，die of 是固定詞組，故第二空格填 died。 3.利用邏輯關(guān)系解題 利用邏輯關(guān)系是完形填空命題設(shè)計過程中使用較多的方法之一。解這類題時需要學(xué)生多注意周圍生活 常識、行文的脈絡(luò)及句子之間的轉(zhuǎn)承關(guān)系。 楊晨英語[www.yangchenenglish.com]，楊晨，中考英語、高考英語提分第一人，30 年專注于中考英語提 分、高考英語提分，中考 110，高考 130，通過率 95%。 【例 1】The English language has now become an international language because it is widely used by most countries in the world. ____ you want to do business with foreigners, you have to learn English, for most of them speak and write English. A. As B. If C. So D. Since
【解析】本段主要講述英語在世界上被廣泛地運用，后面一句是舉例說明：假如你想跟外國人做生意， 你就必須學(xué)英文，因為他們大多數(shù)人講英文、寫英文。兩個句子是論點和論據(jù)的關(guān)系，論據(jù)部分用了假設(shè) 的條件關(guān)系。因此，在理清句子之間的脈絡(luò)之后，很容易確定應(yīng)選 B。 【例 2】Western country music describes life. It talks about love, jobs, home and money. It talks about friends and enemies, farms and crops. People in many parts of the world like western country music b____ everyone knows something about these ideas.
【解析】我們中國人對于西方鄉(xiāng)村音樂還是有所了解的，它描述生活中的一些事情，如愛情，事業(yè)， 家庭，朋友，農(nóng)場，莊稼等，人們對鄉(xiāng)村音樂耳濡目染。本段的最后一句因與前文存在因果關(guān)系，因此填 because。
【例 3】Sadly, it is very difficult for pandas to live in the world. Here are some of the ____ that pandas may have in the future. If hunters catch a panda, they will kill it for its fur. If farmers cut down trees and forests, pandas will have no place to live in. A. examples B. questions C. matters D. problems
【解析】根據(jù)下文 hunters will kill pandas 和 pandas will have no place to live in 可以判斷， 這都是在說熊貓在將來可能面臨的問題。B 項 questions 只是表達一般的疑問。故 D 項最為恰當。
【例 4】A month later, Mary hadn’t heard from Peter or received any money, s____ she phoned him.
【解析】根據(jù)上文 Mary hadn’t heard from Peter 和下文 she phoned him 可以判斷兩句之間存在著 因果關(guān)系，因此填 so。 4.利用語法和句型解題 這類題目主要考查學(xué)生在一定的語境中運用語法知識和識別句型的能力。由于學(xué)生對這類選項把握較 大，因此這類題型的數(shù)量越來越少。
【例 1】The earth is our home. We must take care of it. Life today is easier than it was ____ years ago, but it has brought some new problems. A. hundred B. hundreds of C. hundred of D. hundreds
【解析】此句主要考查數(shù)詞的用法。表示具體的幾百時，應(yīng)是具體數(shù)字或基數(shù)詞+hundred;表示成百上 千時，則是 hundreds of。故答案為 B。 楊晨英語[www.yangchenenglish.com]，楊晨，中考英語、高考英語提分第一人，30 年專注于中考英語提 分、高考英語提分，中考 110，高考 130，通過率 95%。
【例 2】Every day, standing at my information desk, I have to answer a lot of questions of the travelers coming from all o____ the world.
【解析】all over the world 是一個最為常見的固定搭配。故答案為 over。
【例 3】Grandma Yang lives alone in our neighborhood. Her husband has been dead for eight years. Her only son lives and works in Britain. He asked his mother to go to Britain so that he can look ____ her. But Grandma Yang won’t go. A. for B. around C. after D. care
【解析】look for 意為尋找; look around 意為向四周看; look after 意為照顧。根據(jù)上文 He asked his mother to go to Britain 這一提示我們可以知道，兒子是為了照顧媽媽，所以選 C。
【例 4】April Fools’ Day is on April 1st. People can play j____ on others on this special day. If you succeed, you usually laugh and say, “April Fool!”
【解析】根據(jù)文章意思，在 4 月 1 日愚人節(jié)這天，人們經(jīng)常相互開玩笑。從語法角度看，play jokes on sb.是固定詞組。所以答案是 jokes。
【例 5】Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s important to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it’s OK to __1__ a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy and __2__, you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are quiet places. If a table is too loud, other people who are eating there might even __3__ to the owner of the restaurant. Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for __4__. In western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients(宴請賓 客), but __5__ friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called “going Dutch(均 攤費用)”. Also, when westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called “l(fā)eaving a tip”. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the US, it’s __6__ to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is decided by how good the service is. Good waiters can make a lot of money! The way people eat food is different in the world, but you can __7__ the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and Italian food, for example, is popular all over the world. 1. A. cause B. keep C. hear D. make 2. A. lively B. friendly C. lucky D. polite 3. A. shout B. explain C. complain D. peak 楊晨英語[www.yangchenenglish.com]，楊晨，中考英語、高考英語提分第一人，30 年專注于中考英語提 分、高考英語提分，中考 110，高考 130，通過率 95%。 4. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. none 5. A. until B. when C. unless D. since 6. A. terrible B. common C. serious D. unusual 7. A. invent B. discover C. prefer D. find
【解析】 在不同國家有不同風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣， 1.D 根據(jù)我國特有的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在餐廳都是吵吵鬧鬧的。 make a noise 是固定搭配。2.A 事實上，如果在中國的餐廳不熱鬧反而不正常。lively 也是表達活躍的氣氛，而 B、C、 D 三項意思都不對。3.C 根據(jù)上文 論據(jù) in many western countries, restaurants are quiet places 和 下文論點 If a table is too loud(如果餐廳太吵鬧)，可以推斷出客人甚至可以向店主投訴。4.A 中國的 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣在付費方面與西方人也不一樣，中國人常常一個人付所有人的錢。 5.B 這里講述西方人在什么情 況下一個人付所有人的錢，在什么情況下，他們是 AA 制。這里句子之間存在狀語從句關(guān)系。因此選 B。6.B 強調(diào)西方人付小費是 比較常見的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。unusual 表達特殊的習(xí)慣。7.D 雖然吃飯的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣不同，但 是在不同國家卻能找到相同的食物。
【例 6】People often think Dimetrodon(異齒龍) is a dinosaur(恐龍), but it was in fact n__1__ a dinosaur at all. It was one of the reptiles(爬行動物) on Earth during the l__2__ Permian(二 疊紀) period. It was a large reptile. It lived in swampy(沼澤的) areas and had a very funny f__3__ —a large sail(脊鰭) on its back. Dimetrodon was a__4__ to warm up in the morning and cool off q__5__ during the day with the help of its sail. It’s easy to distinguish(區(qū)分) a Dimetrodon f__6__ a dinosaur. Dimetrodon’s legs were on the side of its body while dinosaurs had their legs under their bodies. It probably ran very fast a__7__ it was very heavy.
【解析】 1.not 根據(jù)前半句人們經(jīng)常認為異齒龍是一種恐龍， 但事實上它并不是， 表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 but 2.late 表達時間是很清楚的，這 種動物在二疊紀時期的后期出現(xiàn)，所給首字母是 l，而不是 e。如果是早期出現(xiàn)， 那么應(yīng)填 early。3.feather 本題所缺詞性為名詞，講這種爬行動物 的后背有一個大的脊鰭，這是講它的 特征。4.able be able to 是固定搭配。5.quickly 此處說明這種動物的脊鰭的作用：可以早上暖和，白天 又很快地降溫。6.from 從語法角度看，distinguish 只能與 from 搭配。7.although 前句 It probably ran very fast 和后句 it was very heavy 推斷兩句為轉(zhuǎn)折承讓關(guān)系。因此填 although。
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