中考英語易錯(cuò)題(17)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學(xué) 葛 林
1. if
[誤]If it will rain I won't go to school tomorrow.
[正]If it rains I won't go to school tomorrow.
[析]由if引起的狀語從句要用一般時(shí)表示將來。
[誤]I want to know if he comes here tomorrow.
[正]I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.
[析]if所引起的如果是賓語從句則不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
[誤]I want to know if it will rain tomorrow he will come or not.
[正]I want to know if it rains tomorrow he will come or not.
[析]這里的if從句是整個(gè)賓語從句的條件狀語，所以，還應(yīng)用一般時(shí)表示將來。
2. ill
[誤]He spent many years looking after his ill father.
[正]He spent many years looking after his sick father.
[析]ill和sick都可以作表語，如：I'm ill (sick). 美國(guó)英語中常用sick，而英國(guó)英語中兩者都可用，但ill一般不作定語。
3. in
[誤]In a cold morning, I went to school alone.
[正]On a cold morning, I went to school alone.
[析]在in the morning或 in the afternoon詞組中，不論在這兩個(gè)名詞的前或后加任何修飾詞，其介詞in都要變?yōu)閛n.
[誤]I will finish it after two days.
[正]I will finish it in two days.
[析]中文中幾天以后可以完成，或幾天后來取，在譯為英文時(shí)都不要用after，而要用in. 如：He will be back in a few days.
4. instead
[誤]The boy stayed in bed all day instead to go to school.
[正]The boy stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.
[析] instead of其后要接動(dòng)名詞、名詞或代詞，而不能用不定式，如： I choose this book instead of that one.
[誤]The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead of it.
[正]The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead.
[析] instead是副詞，而instead of是介詞短語。如：If you are not free, you may come another day instead.
5. interest
[誤]He has a great interest for physics.
[正]He has a great interest in physics.
[誤]He has some interest in many companies.
[正]He has some interests in many companies.
[析] interest作為“興趣”講可用作不可數(shù)名詞，但作為“利息”“股份”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞。
[誤]This is an interested book.
[正]This is an interesting book.
[析]修飾物時(shí)應(yīng)用interesting, 如：an interesting film，而講某人對(duì)某事感興趣時(shí)要用過去分詞interested，如：I'm interested in this play. 但“他是一個(gè)十分有趣的人”。應(yīng)譯為He is an interesting man. 所以interesting 是“令人感興趣”之意，而interested則表示某人對(duì)某事物感興趣，多用“be interested in something”這一句型。
6. invent
[誤]America was invented by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
[正]America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
[析] invent意為“發(fā)明”即從無到有，如： Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover則意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。
7. it
[誤]That takes me ten years to finish this work.
[正]It takes me ten years to finish this work.
[析]it在這個(gè)句中的語法作用是形式主語，而真正的主語是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主語或形式賓語，如：I think it difficult to learn English well.
8. join
[誤]Did you attend the football club?
[正]Did you join the football club?
[析]join經(jīng)常用于參加某個(gè)團(tuán)體、政黨，并作為其中的一個(gè)成員;attend則重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)出會(huì)議、到場(chǎng)，而不一定進(jìn)行具體活動(dòng)，如： Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in則強(qiáng)調(diào)參與某些具體活動(dòng)或運(yùn)動(dòng)，如：I take part in the football game.
9. just
[誤]I have finished my work just now.
[正]I finished my work just now.
[析]just now意為“剛才”，所以句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式。
[誤]Just I won the game.
[正]I just won the game.
[析] just單獨(dú)使用時(shí)不應(yīng)放在句首，而應(yīng)放于① be動(dòng)詞之后，如：He is just a student.② 名詞與一般動(dòng)詞之間。③用在第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：I have just returned home. 但just與其他詞組成詞組時(shí)，如just now, just then, 則可用于句首和句尾。如：Just then he saw the bus coming.
10. keep
[誤]She was keeping something to her father.
[正]She was keeping something from her father.
[析]“對(duì)某人隱瞞某事”要用“keep something from somebody”句型。
[誤]He kept to repeat the word again and again.
[正]He kept repeating the word again and again.
[析]keep doing something為連續(xù)不斷地做某事。有時(shí)可以與keep on doing something互換。它們的區(qū)別在于keep doing something意為該動(dòng)作一直不停地在進(jìn)行中，如：When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something則表示該動(dòng)作可能停頓但卻一直在進(jìn)行中，如：He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.
[誤]We must keep up the times.
[正]We must keep up with the times.
[析]這句話意為“我們必須趕上時(shí)代”，keep up with是“趕上”之意，而keep up則是“堅(jiān)持下去”的意思，如：Keep it up, don't stop now!
11. key
[誤]I lost the key of the door.
[正]I lost the key to the door.
[析]英語中講某某的東西一般要用of，而key, entrance, answer則多用to，如：“門的鑰匙”為key to the door, “高速公路入口”為entrance to the highway, “問題的答案”為the answer (key) to the question.
12. kind
[誤]This kind of books are not good.
[正]This kind of books is not good.
[析]kind在這種句式中應(yīng)作為主語，如果講Those kinds of books are very good. 則是正確的。
kind, sort, type
kind和sort為同義詞，意為“種類”，而type則為“型號(hào)”，如：What type of this car do you want?(你想要這種車的什么型號(hào)?)
13. knock
[誤]Someone was knocking the door.
[正]Someone was knocking at the door.
[析]knock 雖可以作及物動(dòng)詞，如：The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作“敲門”講一定要用作不及物動(dòng)詞：knock at (on) the door.
14. know
[誤]I want to know to play this game.
[正]I want to know how to play this game.
[析] 要注意英語中在不定式前加疑問代詞或疑問副詞的用法。如：I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.
know, know of
I know him.為“我很了解他。”而I know of him. 則為“我聽說過他?！蓖瑯拥挠梅ㄟ€有hear和hear of這一詞組。
15. large
[誤]He found a large number of mistake in his homework.
[正]He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.
[析]“a large number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，意為大量的。
作者簡(jiǎn)介：葛林，男，中學(xué)英語高級(jí)教師，曾在《21世紀(jì)英語報(bào)》《英語學(xué)習(xí)》《英語沙龍》等報(bào)刊雜志發(fā)表教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)類文章數(shù)十篇，并參與數(shù)項(xiàng)省部級(jí)科研課題，主要致力于初中英語中考及解題方法、技巧等教學(xué)方面的研究。
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