中考英語易錯題(18)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學 葛 林
1. last
[誤]This is the newest news.
[正]This is the latest news.
[析]“最新消息”應為latest news，因為最晚到的新聞才是最新消息，請注意英語與漢語的區(qū)別。
last, the last
[誤]I saw my brother the last week.
[正]I saw my brother last week.
[析]當談到與目前有關的上月、上星期等概念時只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠詞，the last可用于表示一系列詞的最后一個，如：That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用來表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個長時期，如：I am busy for the last week.
2. late
[誤]Yesterday I went home lately.
[正]Yesterday I went home late.
[析]late既可作形容詞又可作副詞;而lately則意為“最近的”，如：I haven't seen her lately.
late, latter, later, lately
late有兩個比較級，指時間較晚應用later，如口語中常講：See you later.(一會見。)而latter則指按順序講的后者，或靠后的，其反意詞為former，如：the former president(前總統(tǒng))。又如：I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately則意為“近來”、“不久前”。
3. lay
[誤]We lied on the beach.
[正]We lay on the beach.
[析]英文中有三個動詞易混，在考試中也頻頻出現(xiàn)，它們的現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞以及現(xiàn)在分詞是：
lay ( vt. 放) laid, laid, laying
lie ( vi. 躺) lay, lain cying
lie ( vi. .說謊) lied lied lying
4. learn
[誤]The teacher said: "You must study this poem by heart."
[正]The teacher said: "You must learn this poem by heart."
[析]study與learn在作“學習”講時，常常可以互換，但learn側重于學習成果或初級階段的模仿性學習，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study則多側重于學習的過程，如：I'm studying at this college. 而learn … by heart則是“記住”、“背誦”之意。
5. leave
[誤]I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.
[正]I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
[析]leave for一詞組為“去某地”，如對話中常講I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所離開的地點是雙方都知道的則可以省略。
leave, forget
[誤]I've forgotten my homework at home.
[正]I've forgotten my homework.
[正]I've left my homework at home.
[析]如果句中有地點狀語則不要用forget, 而要用leave.
6. lesson
[誤]I have two lessons of English.
[正]I have two English lessons.
[正]I have two lessons in English.
[析]“我有兩節(jié)英語課?！边@一表達法如上，但美國老師講他有兩節(jié)課時則多用“I have two classes.”teach somebody a lesson 為“教訓某人”，或“要吸取教訓”，如：Let this thing teaches you a lesson.
7. lend
[誤]Please borrow me your bike.
[正]Please lend me your bike.
[析]borrow是指“借入”，如：I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是“借出”，如：I can lend you my bike. 而keep為“借多久”，如 How long can I keep it?
8. less
[誤]He has fewer money than she has.
[正]He has less money than she has.
[析]less是little的比較級，而fewer是few的比較級。要注意前者修飾不可數(shù)名詞，而后者修飾可數(shù)名詞。
9. let
[誤]The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[正]The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[析]雖然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[誤]Let's go to the park, will you?
[正]Let's go to the park, shall we?
[誤]Let us go to the park, shall we?
[正]Let us go to the park, will you?
[析]Let's go的反意疑問句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑問句則是will you?
10. life
[誤]Many people lost their life in the Second World War.
[正]Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.
[析] life作為“生命”、“性命”時應為可數(shù)名詞;當泛指一般“生活”講時則為不可數(shù)名詞，如：Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如：Life is not all fun.
11. light
[誤]There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.
[正]There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.
[析]light有兩個過去分詞：lighted和lit，當用過去分詞作形容詞當定語時只能用lighted. light 可以用作名詞，如：The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容詞，如：The classroom is very light. 還可以作動詞，如：The little girl lit a match. 作形容詞時還有“輕”、“淺”等意，如：This box is light. I like light blue.
12. like
[誤]My sister is very as me.
[正]My sister is very like me.
[析] as 作為連詞其后要接從句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介詞，其后接賓語。
[誤]Do you like swimming with me tonight?
[正]Would you like to swim with me tonight?
[析]like作為動詞當“喜歡”講時，其后面可接不定式也可接動名詞，用不定式多表達一個一次性的動作，如：I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用動名詞則表示一個習慣性的動作，如：I like swimming very much.
like, alike
作為形容詞，alike一般不作定語，而只作表語，如;The twins are very alike.
[誤]Would you like swimming with us?
[正]Would you like to swim with us?
[析]在would you like … 這一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接動名詞。like的用法還要注意以下兩點：① He likes Tom. 為“他喜歡湯姆?！雹?He is like Tom. 為“他像湯姆?！钡诙湓挼膌ike為介詞，而第一句話的like為動詞。
13. listen
[誤]You should hear the teahcer's advice.
[正]You should listen to the teacher's advice.
[析]hear多側重于聽到某事或某種聲音，而listen to則側重于聽的傾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句為“聽取某人意見”，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.
14. little
[誤]Don't worry, there is little time.
[正]Don't worry, there is a little time.
[誤]There is a little water. Shall I get some?
[正]There is little water. Shall I get some?
[析]要注意中英文在同一問題上的表達法是不同的。如中文“水不多了，我去取點吧。”英文要講“沒水了，我去取點吧。”
little, small
little與small是近義詞，在作定語時常?？梢曰Q，如：a little girl或a small girl, 但little一般不作表語，如：The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定語時little常常帶有感情色彩，而small則帶有對比的含義。
15. live
[誤]Tom lives with his parents' money.
[正]Tom lives on his parents' money.
[誤]He lives on teaching.
[正]He lives by teaching.
[析]“靠吃某物為生”應用live on something, 而live by是“靠某種生活手段為生”。
living, alive
living側重于生活得很好，身體不錯，如：My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive則強調沒有死而是活著的，如：Is that cat alive or dead?
作者簡介：葛林，男，中學英語高級教師，曾在《21世紀英語報》《英語學習》《英語沙龍》等報刊雜志發(fā)表教學輔導類文章數(shù)十篇，并參與數(shù)項省部級科研課題，主要致力于初中英語中考及解題方法、技巧等教學方面的研究。
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