詞序是高考試題中?？嫉膬?nèi)容，同時也是中學(xué)教材的重點和難點。為便于同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)，下面我們把高考中 所出現(xiàn)的各種詞序題歸類簡析如下：
一、短語動詞中賓語的位置
(79met). if you don't know the word, why don't you______in the dictionary.
(a)look at it (b)look after it
(c)look up it (d)look it up
析：答案為d。其意指“查(字典等)”，a意為“看”，b 意為“照顧”均不符題意，故排除。由動詞加 副詞構(gòu)成的短語，其賓語是名詞時，賓語可放在整個短語后面，也可插在動詞與副詞之間，但賓語是代詞時， 代詞賓語只能插在動詞與副詞之間。
試題選練：(畫線項為答案，下同)
(83met).if you are at home this evening, i'll________.
(a)ring you on (b)ring upon you
(c)ring to you (d)ring you up
──────-
(78met).i need a day or two________
(a)to think it over
──────────
(b)to think over it
(c)of thinking
二、虛擬語氣省略if時的詞序
(95上海).______ for the free tickets, i would not havegone to the films so often.
(a)if it is not
(b)were it not
(c)had it not been
(d)if they were not
析：答案為c。這是一個與過去相反的虛擬條件從句的省略形式，當(dāng)從句中的if省略時，從句要用倒裝句。 這類倒裝句只需將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞提至主語前即可。常見句式更換如下：
a.與現(xiàn)在相反：if i were you (=were i you) , i would go
──with him.
b.與過去相反：if i had had time then (=had i had time
──then), i would have gone with you.
c.與將來相反：if i were to visit/should visit/visited the great wall tomorrow, (=were i to /should i visit the great
── ───wall tomorrow), i would take my son with me.
注意：在否定句中not不可提至主語前，如：
(誤)weren't i here now, i would be in the bus.
────
(正)were i not here now, i would be in the bus.
──
試題選練：(94上海).______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the y angpu bridge.
(a)were (b)should
────
(c)would (d)will
_______ your letter, i would have written back two daysago.
(a)if i received
(b)should ireceive
(c)had i received
────────
(d)if i could have received
三、否定詞放在句首時的詞序
(91met)"do you know jim quarrelled with his brother?" "i don't know,_____
(a)nor don't i care
(b)nor do i care
(c)i don't care neither
(d)i don't care also
析：答案為b。a項多了not，c項、d項分別要改neither、 also 為either。否定詞作狀語放在句首時要用 倒裝句，倒裝句只需將情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、系動詞be提至主語首即可(見例2)。 實意動詞的倒裝要在主語前 面加助動詞 do，does，did等，此時謂語動詞要用動詞原形(見例1)。常見的否定詞或結(jié)構(gòu)有：neither/nor /never/hardly/ little/seldom/ scarcely/ barely/ not until/no sooner than/hardly when/not only…b ut also/at no time/not once/by no means
例：1.little did einstein care for money.
──
2.by no means( never/at no time) will china besuperpowers.
───
試題選練：(85met). "did you enjoy that trip? " "i'mafraid not. and_______."
(a)my classmates don't either
(b)my classmates don't too
(c)neither do my classmates
(d)neither did my classmates
─────────────
(90met).not until i began to work _______how much time i had wasted.
(a)didn't i realize (b)did i realize
───────
(c)i didn't realize (d)i realize
(95nmet).not until all the fish died in the river____how serious the pollution was.
(a)did the villagers realize
─────────────
(b)the villagers realize
(c)the villagers did realize
(d)didn't the villagers realize
(91上海).not only____ polluted but ____ crowded.
(a)was the city, were the streets
(b)the city was, were the streets
(c)was the city, the streets were
───────────────
(d)the city was, the streets were
(94上海).little ____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
(a)does he care (b)did he care
───────
(c)he cares (d)he cared
四、so…that放在句首時的詞序
(92上海). so ______ that no fish can live in it.
(a)the lake is shallow
(b)shallow the lake is
(c)shallow is the lake
(d)is the lake shallow
析：答案為c。在so…that句型中，當(dāng)so 后的部分提到句首時要用部分倒裝。如：
so hard does he study that he is sure to succeed.
───────
試題選練：so excited _____ that he couldn't speak a word.
(a)he gets (b)he got
(c)does he get (d)did he get
──────
五、so含“也”意時的詞序
(87met).john won first prize in the contest. ______.
(a)so he did (b)so did he
(c)so he did, too (d)so did he, too.
(79met). i like sports and ______ my brother
(a)so does (b)so is
────
(c)so (d)so like
-i like playing football. -_______.
(a)so you do (b)so do you
(c)you do so (d)so did you
析：答案分別為a、a.so開頭的句子， 如果是重復(fù)前面一句話的部分內(nèi)容，該內(nèi)容也適合另一人，物。要 用倒裝(但謂語要與前句謂語時態(tài)，形式一致)。此時兩句中的主語不可是同一人或物。如：
he has got up, so have i.
── ──
you are honest, so am i, so are all of us.
── ── ──
但so開頭的句子，如果是重復(fù)前面一句話的意見，表示對別人說的話加以肯定，語序不必倒裝。此時兩句 的主語常常是同一人或物。如：
he asked me to support him, so i did.
──
i have passed the maths exam. so you have.
──
六、as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時的詞序
(85met)._____ , he doesn't study well.
(a)as he is clever (b)he is as clever
(c)clever as he is (d)as clever he is
析：答案為c。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語時要將句中作表語的形容詞、 名詞(前面不可用冠詞)、作狀語的副詞或 部分謂語動詞提至as(though)前。
child (young) as she is, she knows a lot.
───────
fast as you run, i can catch you easily.
──
try as you might, you are sure to fail again.
──
試題選練：_____ the dictionary, he could not afford to buy it.
(a)much as he liked
─────────
(b)liked as he
(c)he liked very much
(d)as he liked much
七、多個形容詞排列時的詞序
(95nmet). "how was your recent visit to qingdao?"
"it was great. we visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside."
(a)few last sunny
(b)last few sunny
(c)last sunny few
(d)few sunny last
析：答案為b，此題考測多個形容詞或修飾語并列時的位置問題。
多個修飾語并列修飾一個名詞時的位置規(guī)則為：
a)限定詞如：a, the, all, many, little, first, last, these, this等。(如有數(shù)詞同時出現(xiàn)時，序 數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后。)
b)描繪性形容詞如大小，長短，高低，新舊，顏色，國籍， 材料，用途，類別等。同類形容詞排列時短 的在前，長的在后。如：he isa kind honest old man.(限定+短性質(zhì)+長性質(zhì)+年齡) ── ─── ─ ─
this useless old geography book doesn't belong me.(限定+
── ─── ─ ────性質(zhì)+新舊+種類)
my house is furnished with three comfortable dark brown
─── ────── ── ──chairs.(數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)+短顏色+長顏色 )
試題選練：(93nmet).tony is going camping with ____ boys.
(a)little two other
(b)two little other
(c)two other little
─────────
(d)little other two
when i was a child, my grandmother told me ____ stories.
(a)many such funny
────────
(b)such many funny
(c)many funny such
(d)funny many such
he saw nothing but a _______ table in the farm house.
(a)round small wooden
(b)small round wooden
──────────
(c)round wooden small
(d)small wooden round
the ______ bridge in our village was built scores of years ago.
(a)a stone old fine
(b)an old stone fine
(c)a fine old stone
─────────
(d)an old fine stone
these are his cousin's first two ______ paintings.
(a)little red french interesting oil
(b)interesting little red french oil
─────────────────
(c)interesting french little red oil
(d)little red intersting oil french
八：詞序不同意義不同的詞
(95上海).it was_____ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.
(a)too very (b)much too
(c)too much (d)far
析：答案為b。b是個副詞詞組，只修飾形容詞或副詞以加強語氣?？勺餍稳菰~修飾名詞，也可作名詞充當(dāng) 主語，賓語等成分。 a 中 toovery不能連用。d不能修飾原級形容詞故排除。常見的詞序不同、 意義不同的詞 組有：in all 總共/all in 疲倦， in hand 在手中/hand in 上交，turn in 上交/in turn輪流、排隊， from far來自遠(yuǎn)方/far from 離得遠(yuǎn)、遠(yuǎn)非，for good永遠(yuǎn)/ good for對…有好處，allfor都贊成/for a ll盡管…，much too太，過于，修飾形容詞或副詞/too much太多，充當(dāng)名詞或修飾名詞，if only 要是(常 與虛擬語氣連用)/only if 只有(引導(dǎo)條件從句)，long before 很久以前/before long不久以后。
試題選練：i knew you ____ i knew john.
(a)before long (b)long before
(c)long ago (d)after long
_____ you try your best to prepare your lessons well willyou be able to pass the exam.
(a)if only (b)only if
────
(c)long before (d)before long
九、作定語后置時的情況：
(93nmet). "mum, i think i'm ______ to get back to school."
"not really, my dear, you'd better stay at home for another day or two."
(a)so well (b)so good
(c)well enough (d)good enough
析：此題答案為c。根據(jù)題意只能選well 意指“健康”。enough修飾形容詞或副詞時要放在所修飾的詞的 后面。修飾名詞時可置于名詞前后。如：
we haven't enough time (or: time enough) to lose.
─── ───
常見的幾種修飾語后置的情況有：
1)形容詞修飾something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代詞時要后置。 present作“出席的 ”之意時，要放在所修飾詞后。如：
i have nothing new to tell you. the people present areworkers. ──
───
2)副詞或介詞短語作定語時要后置。如：
the man upstairs (in charge of the factory) often comes
────────────────── home very late.
3)以a開頭的表語形容詞如alive, asleep, awake, alone 等作定語時要后置。如：
do you know the greatest poet alive in your country?
───
4)非謂語動詞作定語時，定語要后置。如：
the building built last year/being built now/to be built
──── ────── next year will be equipped with co mputers.
試題選練：(89met).there was a terrible noise _____ thesudden burst of light.
(a)followed (b)following
─────
(c)to be followed (d)being followed
(87met).most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
(a)invited (b)to invite
────
(c)being invited (d)inviting
十、only+狀語放在句首時的詞序：
(90上海). only by practising a few hours every day_____be able to master the language.
(a)you can (b)can you
(c)you will (d)will you
析：答案為c。由“only +狀語”引起的強調(diào)句放在句首時要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)只需把助動詞、情態(tài)動 詞或系動詞be提至主語前即可，故排除a、c。b中的can與be able to 意義重復(fù)故也排除。
試題選練：(84met).only in this way _______ progress in your english.
(a)you make
(b)can you make
──────
(c)you be able to make
(d)will you able to make
(86上海). only when the war was over in 1945_____ to geta college education.
(a)he was able (b)he is able
(c)was he able (d)is he able
十一、副詞、介詞短語放在句首時的詞序：
______ from the north to the south in winter.
(a)away do some birds fly
(b)away do a few animals run
(c)away fly some birds
(d)away run all the animals
析：答案為c。某些副詞如here、there、up、down、in、out 等以及介詞短語放在句首引起的倒裝句(不 可用助動詞)要注意如下三點：
a.主語是名詞時(用完全倒裝)把動詞提至主語前：here ( in)came a lady.── ───
b. 主語是代詞時(用部分倒裝)只將上述副詞提至主語前即可：here(in)he come.
─ ──
c. 介詞短語放在句首時要用全部倒裝， 即動詞提至主語前：infront of the farmhouse sat a small
boy who was cutting a cane.
── ──── ─
試題選練： _____ who had caught him three times for stealing bikes.
(a)before george stood the policeman
─────────────────
(b)before george the policeman stood
(c)the policeman stood before george
(d)before the policeman stood george
____ from the 11th floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.
(a)down jumped the murderer
─────────────
(b)down the murderer jumped
(c)down jumped he
(d)jumped down he
十二、賓語從句的詞序
(91nmet). no one can be sure ______ in a million years .
(a)what man will look like
(b)what will man look like
(c)man will look like what
(d)what look will man like
析：此題答案為a。連接代詞who, which, what等和連接副詞why,where, when等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，從句 的語序要用陳述句語序。b、 c、d均屬詞序錯誤故排除。
試題選練：(89met).these photographs will show you______.
(a)what does our village look like
(b)what our village looks like
──────────────
(c)how does our village look like
(d)how our village looks like
(90nmet).can you make sure_____the gold ring?
(a)where alice had put
(b)where had alice put
(c)where alice has put
──────────
(d)where has alice put
(92nmet).he asked _______ for the violin.
(a)did i pay how much
(b)i paid how much
(c)how much did i pay
(d)how much i paid
────────
十三、不定冠詞的位置
(84met).he is ______ teacher that all of us like him.
(a)a such good (b)such good a
(c)a so good (d)so good a
析：答案為d。a、b中冠詞的位置應(yīng)放在such之后。c中冠詞應(yīng)放在good之后。當(dāng)so…that與不定冠詞a/a n連用時，冠司a/an要直接放在名詞之前。類似結(jié)構(gòu)有too/rather/quite+adj+a/an+名詞。
he is so clever a boy that we all like him. =he is such a
───clever boy that we all like him.
如果此句改為復(fù)數(shù)時，只可用such…that，如：
they are such clever boys that we all like them.
────────
試題選練：(93上海)._______ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
(a)so a heavy (b)so heavy a
─────
(c)a such heavy (d)such heavy a
十四、how和however+形容詞、副詞時的詞序
(97nmet)._________，mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
(a)however late is he
(b)however he is late
(c)however is he late
(d)however late he is
析：答案選d。當(dāng)how或however修飾形容詞、副詞時， 要把被修飾的詞帶走。故排除 b、c。從句部分不可 用倒裝句，故 a也排除。如：i don't know how hard the problem is.
────
it's useless however hard you try.
──────
試題選練：
(95nmet). if we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ________
great it is.
(a)what (b)how
(c)however (d)whatever
(94上海).you can't imagine ______ when they receivedthese nice christmas presents.
(a)how they were excited
(b)how excited they were
───────────
(c)how excited were they
(d)they were how excited
?
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