虛擬語氣
情況 從句
的動(dòng)詞 主句
的動(dòng)詞 例句
與現(xiàn)
在事
實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞的過去式(be動(dòng)詞一律用were) would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形 If I had time，I would attend your party.
如果我有時(shí)間，我就去參加你的宴會(huì)了。
If I saw him now，I would be very happy.
如果我現(xiàn)在見到他，我會(huì)很高興的。
與過
去事
實(shí)相反 had+過去
分詞 would/could/should/might+have+過去分詞 You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldn’t have got so tired.
你當(dāng)時(shí)不讓我開車。如果我們輪流開，你就不會(huì)覺得那么累了。
與將來
事實(shí)
相反 動(dòng)詞的過去式;should+動(dòng)詞原形;were to+動(dòng)詞原形 would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.
如果明天下雪，我們就照相。
注意： (1)若條件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主語前，形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。
Had you taken my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。
(2)有時(shí)主句和虛擬條件從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，此時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。
If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.
如果你真的努力工作了，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)感到很累的。(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)
(3)有時(shí)虛擬條件并不通過條件從句表達(dá)出來，而是通過詞、短語或上下文暗示，此時(shí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)要依具體情況而定。
Without electricity(=If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.
如果沒有電，今天的生活就會(huì)完全不同。
But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.
要不是你的幫助，那將會(huì)導(dǎo)致巨大的損失。
I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。
1.(2010?湖南卷)If he________my advice，he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A.followed B.should follow
C.had followed D.would follow
解析： 句意為：如果他(當(dāng)時(shí))接受我的建議，就不會(huì)丟掉他的工作了。本題考查虛擬語氣。因?yàn)閕f條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故采用過去完成時(shí)。
答案： C
2.(2011?廈門市質(zhì)量檢查)—Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I ________late yesterday.
—Don’t mention it.
A.should be B.would be
C.will have been D.would have been
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談?wù)撟蛱斓氖?，因此要使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would+完成式。謝謝你提醒我時(shí)間，不然昨天我就遲到了。
答案： D
3.(2011?山東濰坊質(zhì)檢)________more careful，the mistake would not have been made.
A.If he is B.Had he been
C.Should he be D.If he has been
解析： 從主句中的would not have been made 可知，這是與過去相反的虛擬語氣，因此從句謂語動(dòng)詞用had been 的形式，又因助動(dòng)詞為had時(shí)，可將if省掉，had提前，故B項(xiàng)正確。
答案： B
(1)在名詞性從句中，常用來表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等的詞后賓語從句和同位語從句中用虛擬語氣，形式為：(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：advise 勸告，demand 要求，desire 渴望，command 命令，insist 堅(jiān)持，prefer 寧愿，urge 主張，order 命令，recommend 推薦，request 要求，require 要求，suggest 建議，以及這些詞的名詞形式。
Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examination.
簡蒼白的臉色表明她生病了，她父母建議她做一下醫(yī)學(xué)檢查。
(2)wish后面所跟賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。
表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式或were
表示對過去情況的虛擬：wish+主語+had+過去分詞
表示對將來情況的虛擬：wish+主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形
I wish she were here.她在這兒就好了。
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。
I wish she had taken my advice.
那時(shí)她要是聽我的話就好了。
1.(2010?福建卷)Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A.not allow B.do not allow
C.mustn’t allow D.couldn’t allow
解析： 句意為：為了安全起見，老師建議家長不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學(xué)。本題考查虛擬語氣用法。recommend，suggest，insist，order，request，advise等表“建議、命令、要求”等意思的動(dòng)詞，后接賓語從句時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可以省略。
答案： A
2.(2011?山東濰坊質(zhì)量抽樣)The order came that the medical supplies ________to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
A.would be sent B.should send
C.be sent D.must be sent
解析： 當(dāng)表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞(如order，suggest，command等)后面接從句時(shí)，從句用虛擬語氣。從句謂語用should+do，should可以省略。order后的同位語從句也用虛擬語氣，故選C項(xiàng)。
答案： C
(1)would rather 句型中的虛擬語氣表示愿望，意為“寧愿，但愿”。
I’d rather we didn’t go to see a film this evening.
我倒希望我們今晚不去看電影。
(2)It is(high/about)time(that)...句型中的虛擬語氣
在句型“It is (high/about)time...”后面也可跟虛擬語氣，從句中常用過去式。有時(shí)也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“該是……的時(shí)候了”。
It is time (that)we went home.我們該回家了。
(3)if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣
在“if only”引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，要求用虛擬語氣，表示愿望。用過去時(shí)或“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實(shí)相反的愿望;用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。
If only I had not been ill last week!
要是上周我沒病該多好啊!
1.(2010?合肥第三次教學(xué)檢測)—Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.
—Well.________you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games.
A.As if B.Even if
C.If only D.Only if
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。句意為：——爸爸，對不起，我的學(xué)習(xí)情況不太好。——哦，要是你不把那么多的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲上就好了。if only(但愿)接虛擬語氣，表示對過去情況的假設(shè)。as if好像，even if即使，only if只有，都是狀語從句的連詞，不符合語意。
答案： C
2. (2011?青島一模)—My uncle suggests I________abroad.
—I would rather you________at home.
A.go;stay B.went;stayed
C.go;stayed D.went;stay
解析： suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，從句中要用虛擬語氣，結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。would rather后面跟從句時(shí)，從句中也要用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)語境此處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。
答案： C
1.(2010?浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________.
A.would have been saved B.had been saved
C.will be saved D.was saved
解析： 句意為：如果我了解這種電腦程序的話，就可以節(jié)約大量的時(shí)間和精力。本題考查虛擬語氣。如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反的話，條件句采用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)(如果省略if可采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))，主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用“would+have+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為A項(xiàng)。
答案： A
2.(2010?陜西卷)If we________the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A.take B.had taken
C.took D.have taken
解析： 句意為：如果我們走另一條路，我們可能早就按時(shí)到會(huì)了。本題考查的是虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意及后邊主句謂語might have arrived 可知if 從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反，故if從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。
答案： B
3.(2010?北京卷)—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now!And my vegetables________.
A.wouldn’t die B.didn’t die
C.hadn’t died D.wouldn’t have died
解析： 句意為：——現(xiàn)在天氣變得又熱又干?！前?。如果當(dāng)初下一點(diǎn)雨，現(xiàn)在情況也會(huì)好很多!我的蔬菜也就不會(huì)死了。本題考查虛擬語氣。題干中If引導(dǎo)的從句為過去完成時(shí)，是對過去事情的虛擬，主句卻是would do，對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬，此為干擾部分，考生須分析清楚句意，空格處表示蔬菜都死了，是過去的事實(shí)，在對過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬，故選擇D項(xiàng)。
答案： D
4.(2009?福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A.would not win B.would not have won
C.would win D.would have won
解析： 本題考查虛擬語氣用法。句意為：要沒有我英語老師的幫助，我不會(huì)在英語寫作比賽中獲得第一名。本題考查虛擬語氣用法，根據(jù)句意，可知主句應(yīng)該使用否定式，而本句是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，故答案為B項(xiàng)。
答案： B
5. (2009?浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you________swim after eating a large meal.
A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t
C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
解析： 句意為：醫(yī)生建議你不應(yīng)該在飽餐之后游泳。recommend后的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞為“(should)+do”，故選D。
答案： D
6. (2009?安徽卷)But for their help，we________the program in time.
A.can not finish B.will not finish
C.had not finished D.could not have finished
解析： 句意為：如果不是他們的幫助，我們就不能及時(shí)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意，選用could not have finished表示與過去相反。
答案： D
7. (2009?天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it______break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.
A.would B.should
C.could D.might
解析： 句意為：這臺(tái)打印機(jī)質(zhì)量很好。如果第一年使用壞了，我們保修。虛擬語氣中表示將來時(shí)間的條件句有三種，就此句而言，應(yīng)為：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。
答案： B
8. (2007?全國卷Ⅱ)________he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race.
A.If B.Since
C.Though D.When
解析： 考查與過去情況相反的虛擬語氣。從句用if...had done，主句用...would/could have done...。
答案： A
9. (2007?山東卷)They ________ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
A.had got B.got
C.have got D.get
解析： 本題考查混合虛擬語氣。本題前面部分是事實(shí)，后半句是虛擬語氣。
答案： B
10. (2007?全國卷Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday.
A.was happening B.happens
C.has happened D.happened
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。由as if引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語氣，再結(jié)合前面的remembers可知與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，因此用一般過去時(shí)。
答案： D
1.(2011?天津質(zhì)檢)My suggestion is that you________much meat.
A.wouldn’t take B.shall not take
C.not have D.won’t have
解析： 當(dāng)suggest 或suggestion 為“建議”的意思時(shí)，與其有關(guān)的從句就要用虛擬語氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可以省略。
答案： C
2.(2011?安徽蕪湖調(diào)研)If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel，more birds and animals________dying out.
A.ought to avoid B.could have been avoided
C.should have avoided D.might have avoided
解析： 句意為：如果人類少點(diǎn)貪婪少點(diǎn)殘忍，更多的鳥類和動(dòng)物就有可能免于滅絕。這里考查的是對過去情況的假設(shè)，從句用had done，主句用would/could/might have done。avoid “避免”，其后接doing 時(shí)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
答案： D
3.(2011?哈爾濱檢測)________anyone call，please tell him I’m not free.
A.Must B.Can
C.May D.Should
解析： 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。句意為：如果有人給我打電話，就告訴他我很忙。第一個(gè)分句是省略了if 虛擬條件句，補(bǔ)充完整為：If anyone should call，please tell him I’m not free.當(dāng)if 省略時(shí)，句子要倒裝，故D項(xiàng)正確。
答案： D
4.(2011?北京海淀期末)If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed，we ________there by now.
A.would be B.are
C.have been D.had been
解析： 句意為：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么長時(shí)間的話，我們現(xiàn)在就到那里了。從句用了與過去相反的虛擬語氣，但主句與現(xiàn)在情況相反，故選A項(xiàng)。
答案： A
5.(2011?北京海淀期末練習(xí))—If you________to my birthday party last Saturday，you would have met our old friend Jim.
—Oh，what a pity!
A.came B.had come
C.would come D.would have come
解析： 從語意分析，這是非真實(shí)條件句中對過去狀況的虛擬，主句謂語用should/would/could/might have done，條件句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，答案應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。
答案： B
6.(2011?福建龍巖檢測)—I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
—I________，either，if my mother hadn’t reminded me.
A.wouldn’t B.wouldn’t have
C.didn’t D.hadn’t
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。從句子中if my mother hadn’t reminded me 知，此處是對過去狀況的虛擬，主句應(yīng)該用should/would/could/might+have done結(jié)構(gòu)，從選項(xiàng)中看只有B項(xiàng)合適(I wouldn’t have 是I wouldn’t have attended the lecture的省略)。
答案： B
7.(2010?南通二模)—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood?
—Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English.
A.worked B.had worked
C.would work D.were working
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。wish 后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反，意思是：我希望我(過去)更努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語了。
答案： B
8.(2010?皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)Without the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.
A.would win B.would have won
C.would not win D.would not have won
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。這是一個(gè)隱含虛擬條件句，含有if my English teacher hadn’t helped me with my spoken English之意，表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣，因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。
答案： D
9.(2011?長春第一次調(diào)研)It is required that the students______mobile phones in their school，so seldom________them using one.
A.should not use;you will see
B.not use;will you see
C.mustn’t use;will you see
D.not use;you will see
解析： 考查虛擬語氣和倒裝語序。英語中表示命令、建議或要求的動(dòng)詞或名詞后面的從句中通常使用should do形式的虛擬語氣，should可以省略。seldom是否定副詞，位于句首時(shí)，句子要采用部分倒裝語序。
答案： B
10. (2010?日照二模)“If I________taking drugs，I would be a successful businessman now，” said the dying heroin addict.
A.didn’t start B.haven’t started
C.hadn’t started D.shouldn’t start
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。此題是一個(gè)混合虛擬語氣句，從句是對過去事情的虛擬，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，主句指說話時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
答案： C
11. (2011?福建檢測)—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain.
—What a pity!If I had got the ticket，I________it.
A.wouldn’t have missed B.wouldn’t miss
C.didn’t miss D.hadn’t missed
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。從句為過去完成時(shí)，所以主句用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。
答案： A
12. (2010?南通二模)—Sorry indeed，I________to your birthday party if...
—Forget it.I know you were out on business.
A.must come B.would come
C.must have come D.would have come
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。此處表示對過去的虛擬，if后面省略了過去完成時(shí) (補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是if I had not been out on business)，所以主句中應(yīng)該用should/would/could/might have done結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選D項(xiàng)。
答案： D
13. (2010?合肥二模)—Did you make it at last?
—Yes.But for your help，it________a serious loss.
A.would cause B.must have caused
C.would have caused D.may cause
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。句意為：——你們最后成功了嗎?——成功了，要不是你的幫助，我們的損失就大了。but for...要不是……。
答案： C
14. (2011?濰坊一模)How I wish I________my mouth before I shouted at my mum!
A.shut B.have shut
C.had shut D.would shut
解析： 該題考查虛擬語氣。wish后跟從句，從句要用虛擬語氣，因?yàn)楹竺媸沁^去時(shí)，故此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反，要用過去完成時(shí)。
答案： C
15. (2011?東北三校聯(lián)考)—Why do you look so upset?
—I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I________more about her.
A.care B.cared
C.had cared D.had been cared
解析： 考查虛擬語氣。If only表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虛擬語氣。表示與過去的事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用had done的形式。因此，C項(xiàng)正確。
答案： C
?
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