2012高考英語語法:虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)

字號(hào):


    虛擬語氣
    情況 從句
    的動(dòng)詞 主句
    的動(dòng)詞 例句
    與現(xiàn)
    在事
    實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞的過去式(be動(dòng)詞一律用were) would/could/should/might +動(dòng)詞原形 If I had time,I would attend your party.
    如果我有時(shí)間,我就去參加你的宴會(huì)了。
    If I saw him now,I would be very happy.
    如果我現(xiàn)在見到他,我會(huì)很高興的。
    與過
    去事
    實(shí)相反 had+過去
    分詞 would/could/should/might+have+過去分詞 You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven in turn,you wouldn’t have got so tired.
    你當(dāng)時(shí)不讓我開車。如果我們輪流開,你就不會(huì)覺得那么累了。
    與將來
    事實(shí)
    相反 動(dòng)詞的過去式;should+動(dòng)詞原形;were to+動(dòng)詞原形 would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow,we would take photos.
    如果明天下雪,我們就照相。
    注意: (1)若條件句中有were,had,should,可把if 省略,而把were,had,should 放在主語前,形成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書面語中。
    Had you taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.如果你聽了我的建議,你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。
    (2)有時(shí)主句和虛擬條件從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致,此時(shí),主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。
    If you had worked hard,you would be very tired now.
    如果你真的努力工作了,你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)感到很累的。(從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在)
    (3)有時(shí)虛擬條件并不通過條件從句表達(dá)出來,而是通過詞、短語或上下文暗示,此時(shí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)要依具體情況而定。
    Without electricity(=If there were no electricity),life would be quite different today.
    如果沒有電,今天的生活就會(huì)完全不同。
    But for your help,it would have caused a serious loss.
    要不是你的幫助,那將會(huì)導(dǎo)致巨大的損失。
    I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙,否則,我就和他們一起去那兒了。
    1.(2010?湖南卷)If he________my advice,he wouldn’t have lost his job.
    A.followed    B.should follow
    C.had followed    D.would follow
    解析: 句意為:如果他(當(dāng)時(shí))接受我的建議,就不會(huì)丟掉他的工作了。本題考查虛擬語氣。因?yàn)閕f條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,故采用過去完成時(shí)。
    答案: C
    2.(2011?廈門市質(zhì)量檢查)—Thank you for reminding me of the time,or I ________late yesterday.
    —Don’t mention it.
    A.should be    B.would be
    C.will have been    D.would have been
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。從語境可知說話人是在談?wù)撟蛱斓氖?,因此要使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would+完成式。謝謝你提醒我時(shí)間,不然昨天我就遲到了。
    答案: D
    3.(2011?山東濰坊質(zhì)檢)________more careful,the mistake would not have been made.
    A.If he is    B.Had he been
    C.Should he be    D.If he has been
    解析: 從主句中的would not have been made 可知,這是與過去相反的虛擬語氣,因此從句謂語動(dòng)詞用had been 的形式,又因助動(dòng)詞為had時(shí),可將if省掉,had提前,故B項(xiàng)正確。
    答案: B
    (1)在名詞性從句中,常用來表示命令、建議、要求、愿望等的詞后賓語從句和同位語從句中用虛擬語氣,形式為:(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有:advise 勸告,demand 要求,desire 渴望,command 命令,insist 堅(jiān)持,prefer 寧愿,urge 主張,order 命令,recommend 推薦,request 要求,require 要求,suggest 建議,以及這些詞的名詞形式。
    Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examination.
    簡蒼白的臉色表明她生病了,她父母建議她做一下醫(yī)學(xué)檢查。
    (2)wish后面所跟賓語從句中的虛擬語氣。
    表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:wish+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式或were
    表示對過去情況的虛擬:wish+主語+had+過去分詞
    表示對將來情況的虛擬:wish+主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形
    I wish she were here.她在這兒就好了。
    I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
    但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。
    I wish she had taken my advice.
    那時(shí)她要是聽我的話就好了。
    1.(2010?福建卷)Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
    A.not allow    B.do not allow
    C.mustn’t allow     D.couldn’t allow
    解析: 句意為:為了安全起見,老師建議家長不要讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車上學(xué)。本題考查虛擬語氣用法。recommend,suggest,insist,order,request,advise等表“建議、命令、要求”等意思的動(dòng)詞,后接賓語從句時(shí),賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should 可以省略。
    答案: A
    2.(2011?山東濰坊質(zhì)量抽樣)The order came that the medical supplies ________to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.
    A.would be sent    B.should send
    C.be sent    D.must be sent
    解析: 當(dāng)表示愿望、請求、建議、命令等意義的動(dòng)詞(如order,suggest,command等)后面接從句時(shí),從句用虛擬語氣。從句謂語用should+do,should可以省略。order后的同位語從句也用虛擬語氣,故選C項(xiàng)。
    答案: C
    (1)would rather 句型中的虛擬語氣表示愿望,意為“寧愿,但愿”。
    I’d rather we didn’t go to see a film this evening.
    我倒希望我們今晚不去看電影。
    (2)It is(high/about)time(that)...句型中的虛擬語氣
    在句型“It is (high/about)time...”后面也可跟虛擬語氣,從句中常用過去式。有時(shí)也用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,意為“該是……的時(shí)候了”。
    It is time (that)we went home.我們該回家了。
    (3)if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣
    在“if only”引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,要求用虛擬語氣,表示愿望。用過去時(shí)或“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”表示與現(xiàn)在或未來事實(shí)相反的愿望;用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望。
    If only I had not been ill last week!
    要是上周我沒病該多好啊!
    1.(2010?合肥第三次教學(xué)檢測)—Sorry,Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.
    —Well.________you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games.
    A.As if    B.Even if
    C.If only    D.Only if
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:——爸爸,對不起,我的學(xué)習(xí)情況不太好。——哦,要是你不把那么多的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲上就好了。if only(但愿)接虛擬語氣,表示對過去情況的假設(shè)。as if好像,even if即使,only if只有,都是狀語從句的連詞,不符合語意。
    答案: C
    2. (2011?青島一模)—My uncle suggests I________abroad.
    —I would rather you________at home.
    A.go;stay    B.went;stayed
    C.go;stayed    D.went;stay
    解析: suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí),從句中要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。would rather后面跟從句時(shí),從句中也要用虛擬語氣,根據(jù)語境此處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。
    答案: C
    1.(2010?浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy________.
    A.would have been saved    B.had been saved
    C.will be saved    D.was saved
    解析: 句意為:如果我了解這種電腦程序的話,就可以節(jié)約大量的時(shí)間和精力。本題考查虛擬語氣。如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反的話,條件句采用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)(如果省略if可采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)),主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用“would+have+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu),故答案為A項(xiàng)。
    答案: A
    2.(2010?陜西卷)If we________the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
    A.take   B.had taken
    C.took   D.have taken
    解析: 句意為:如果我們走另一條路,我們可能早就按時(shí)到會(huì)了。本題考查的是虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意及后邊主句謂語might have arrived 可知if 從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,故if從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。
    答案: B
    3.(2010?北京卷)—The weather has been very hot and dry.
    —Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables________.
    A.wouldn’t die    B.didn’t die
    C.hadn’t died    D.wouldn’t have died
    解析: 句意為:——現(xiàn)在天氣變得又熱又干?!前?。如果當(dāng)初下一點(diǎn)雨,現(xiàn)在情況也會(huì)好很多!我的蔬菜也就不會(huì)死了。本題考查虛擬語氣。題干中If引導(dǎo)的從句為過去完成時(shí),是對過去事情的虛擬,主句卻是would do,對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬,此為干擾部分,考生須分析清楚句意,空格處表示蔬菜都死了,是過去的事實(shí),在對過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行虛擬,故選擇D項(xiàng)。
    答案: D
    4.(2009?福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher,I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
    A.would not win     B.would not have won
    C.would win     D.would have won
    解析: 本題考查虛擬語氣用法。句意為:要沒有我英語老師的幫助,我不會(huì)在英語寫作比賽中獲得第一名。本題考查虛擬語氣用法,根據(jù)句意,可知主句應(yīng)該使用否定式,而本句是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,故答案為B項(xiàng)。
    答案: B
    5. (2009?浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you________swim after eating a large meal.
    A.wouldn’t     B.couldn’t
    C.needn’t    D.shouldn’t
    解析:  句意為:醫(yī)生建議你不應(yīng)該在飽餐之后游泳。recommend后的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞為“(should)+do”,故選D。
    答案: D
    6. (2009?安徽卷)But for their help,we________the program in time.
    A.can not finish    B.will not finish
    C.had not finished    D.could not have finished
    解析: 句意為:如果不是他們的幫助,我們就不能及時(shí)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意,選用could not have finished表示與過去相反。
    答案: D
    7. (2009?天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it______break down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.
    A.would     B.should
    C.could    D.might
    解析: 句意為:這臺(tái)打印機(jī)質(zhì)量很好。如果第一年使用壞了,我們保修。虛擬語氣中表示將來時(shí)間的條件句有三種,就此句而言,應(yīng)為:If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。
    答案: B
    8. (2007?全國卷Ⅱ)________he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.
    A.If    B.Since
    C.Though    D.When
    解析: 考查與過去情況相反的虛擬語氣。從句用if...had done,主句用...would/could have done...。
    答案: A
    9. (2007?山東卷)They ________ two free tickets to Canada,otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
    A.had got    B.got
    C.have got    D.get
    解析: 本題考查混合虛擬語氣。本題前面部分是事實(shí),后半句是虛擬語氣。
    答案: B
    10. (2007?全國卷Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday.
    A.was happening    B.happens
    C.has happened    D.happened
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。由as if引導(dǎo)的從句通常用虛擬語氣,再結(jié)合前面的remembers可知與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,因此用一般過去時(shí)。
    答案: D
    1.(2011?天津質(zhì)檢)My suggestion is that you________much meat.
    A.wouldn’t take    B.shall not take
    C.not have    D.won’t have
    解析: 當(dāng)suggest 或suggestion 為“建議”的意思時(shí),與其有關(guān)的從句就要用虛擬語氣,即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should 可以省略。
    答案: C
    2.(2011?安徽蕪湖調(diào)研)If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel,more birds and animals________dying out.
    A.ought to avoid    B.could have been avoided
    C.should have avoided    D.might have avoided
    解析: 句意為:如果人類少點(diǎn)貪婪少點(diǎn)殘忍,更多的鳥類和動(dòng)物就有可能免于滅絕。這里考查的是對過去情況的假設(shè),從句用had done,主句用would/could/might have done。avoid “避免”,其后接doing 時(shí)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
    答案: D
    3.(2011?哈爾濱檢測)________anyone call,please tell him I’m not free.
    A.Must    B.Can
    C.May    D.Should
    解析: 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法。句意為:如果有人給我打電話,就告訴他我很忙。第一個(gè)分句是省略了if 虛擬條件句,補(bǔ)充完整為:If anyone should call,please tell him I’m not free.當(dāng)if 省略時(shí),句子要倒裝,故D項(xiàng)正確。
    答案: D
    4.(2011?北京海淀期末)If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed,we ________there by now.
    A.would be    B.are
    C.have been    D.had been
    解析: 句意為:如果不是你穿衣服花了那么長時(shí)間的話,我們現(xiàn)在就到那里了。從句用了與過去相反的虛擬語氣,但主句與現(xiàn)在情況相反,故選A項(xiàng)。
    答案: A
    5.(2011?北京海淀期末練習(xí))—If you________to my birthday party last Saturday,you would have met our old friend Jim.
    —Oh,what a pity!
    A.came    B.had come
    C.would come    D.would have come
    解析: 從語意分析,這是非真實(shí)條件句中對過去狀況的虛擬,主句謂語用should/would/could/might have done,條件句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài),答案應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。
    答案: B
    6.(2011?福建龍巖檢測)—I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
    —I________,either,if my mother hadn’t reminded me.
    A.wouldn’t    B.wouldn’t have
    C.didn’t    D.hadn’t
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。從句子中if my mother hadn’t reminded me 知,此處是對過去狀況的虛擬,主句應(yīng)該用should/would/could/might+have done結(jié)構(gòu),從選項(xiàng)中看只有B項(xiàng)合適(I wouldn’t have 是I wouldn’t have attended the lecture的省略)。
    答案: B
    7.(2010?南通二模)—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood?
    —Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English.
    A.worked    B.had worked
    C.would work    D.were working
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。wish 后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣,此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反,意思是:我希望我(過去)更努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語了。
    答案: B
    8.(2010?皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)Without the help of my English teacher,I________the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.
    A.would win    B.would have won
    C.would not win    D.would not have won
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。這是一個(gè)隱含虛擬條件句,含有if my English teacher hadn’t helped me with my spoken English之意,表示與過去的事實(shí)相反,故用與過去相反的虛擬語氣,因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。
    答案: D
    9.(2011?長春第一次調(diào)研)It is required that the students______mobile phones in their school,so seldom________them using one.
    A.should not use;you will see
    B.not use;will you see
    C.mustn’t use;will you see
    D.not use;you will see
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣和倒裝語序。英語中表示命令、建議或要求的動(dòng)詞或名詞后面的從句中通常使用should do形式的虛擬語氣,should可以省略。seldom是否定副詞,位于句首時(shí),句子要采用部分倒裝語序。
    答案: B
    10. (2010?日照二模)“If I________taking drugs,I would be a successful businessman now,” said the dying heroin addict.
    A.didn’t start     B.haven’t started
    C.hadn’t started     D.shouldn’t start
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。此題是一個(gè)混合虛擬語氣句,從句是對過去事情的虛擬,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),主句指說話時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
    答案: C
    11. (2011?福建檢測)—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain.
    —What a pity!If I had got the ticket,I________it.
    A.wouldn’t have missed    B.wouldn’t miss
    C.didn’t miss    D.hadn’t missed
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。從句為過去完成時(shí),所以主句用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)。
    答案: A
    12. (2010?南通二模)—Sorry indeed,I________to your birthday party if...
    —Forget it.I know you were out on business.
    A.must come    B.would come
    C.must have come    D.would have come
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。此處表示對過去的虛擬,if后面省略了過去完成時(shí) (補(bǔ)充完整應(yīng)該是if I had not been out on business),所以主句中應(yīng)該用should/would/could/might have done結(jié)構(gòu),因此選D項(xiàng)。
    答案: D
    13. (2010?合肥二模)—Did you make it at last?
    —Yes.But for your help,it________a serious loss.
    A.would cause    B.must have caused
    C.would have caused     D.may cause
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。句意為:——你們最后成功了嗎?——成功了,要不是你的幫助,我們的損失就大了。but for...要不是……。
    答案: C
    14. (2011?濰坊一模)How I wish I________my mouth before I shouted at my mum!
    A.shut    B.have shut
    C.had shut     D.would shut
    解析: 該題考查虛擬語氣。wish后跟從句,從句要用虛擬語氣,因?yàn)楹竺媸沁^去時(shí),故此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反,要用過去完成時(shí)。
    答案: C
    15. (2011?東北三校聯(lián)考)—Why do you look so upset?
    —I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I________more about her.
    A.care     B.cared
    C.had cared    D.had been cared
    解析: 考查虛擬語氣。If only表示“要是……就好了”,后面的句子要用虛擬語氣。表示與過去的事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用had done的形式。因此,C項(xiàng)正確。
    答案: C
    ?
    
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