2012高考英語語法:冠詞精選題解析

字號:


    冠詞
    1.表示“某一個”,相當于some,譯為“一個”。
    —Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons,please?——請告訴我去約翰遜家怎么走?
    —Sorry,we don’t have a Johnson here in the village.
    ——對不起,這個村莊里沒有一個叫約翰遜的人。
    Each of the students wanted to be a live Lei Feng.
    每位學生都想成為活雷鋒。
    2.a+most表示“很”“非常”。
    Qingdao is a most beautiful city.
    青島是一個非常美麗的城市。
    3.序數(shù)詞前一般加定冠詞the 表示順序,但序數(shù)詞前可加不定冠詞a(n),表示“另一個;又一個”。
    Although he has failed twice,he would like to try a third time.
    盡管他已經(jīng)失敗了兩次,但他還想再試一次。
    4.有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge,collection,understanding 等是由其動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來,它們后面加of...時,前面需用不定冠詞a/an。
    Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in our class.在我們班中,湯姆收集的書最多。
    Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.許多人都持相同的看法,在當前國際貿(mào)易交往中,英語知識是必備的知識。
    5.不定冠詞可用在形容詞的比較級、最高級與序數(shù)詞之前。“不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級+單數(shù)名詞”表示“更……的一個”;“不定冠詞+形容詞的最高級”無比較意義。
    He went to the USA in search of a better life.
    為了尋找更美好的生活他去了美國。
    6.不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的一日三餐前。
    (2007?山東卷)The walk is expected to last all day,so bring a packed lunch.
    這段路程預計要走一整天,所以帶一份盒裝午飯。
    1.(2011?湖南十二校聯(lián)考)If we expect ________much cleaner world,we should attract ________world’s attention to protecting the world.
    A.a;a     B.a;/
    C.a;the    D.the;/
    解析: 考查冠詞。第一空為泛指,指“一個更加干凈的世界”;第二空world 前通常用定冠詞。
    答案: C
    2.(2010?北京卷)First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get________second chance to make________first impression.
    A.a;the    B.the;the
    C.a;a    D.the;a
    解析: 句意為:第一印象最持久。畢竟,你不會再有機會去形成第一印象。第一空后有second,在此表示再一次機會,而不是表順序,應用不定冠詞;第二空中的第一印象是泛指,也不是表示順序,又根據(jù)題干可以判斷impression 在此處是可數(shù)名詞,可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表泛指時須用不定冠詞,故選C項。
    答案: C
    3.(2011?南京模擬)We work together to achieve our common purpose:________world that is safer,cleaner and healthier than ________one we found.
    A.the;the    B.a;/
    C.a;the    D.the;/
    解析: 考查冠詞的用法。第一空表示泛指,用不定冠詞;第二空后面由we found 限定,表特指,用定冠詞。
    答案: C
    1.與某些可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,表示一類人或事物。
    The camel is a very useful animal in desert.
    駱駝是沙漠中一種很有用的動物。
    2.用在上文已出現(xiàn)過或說話雙方都熟悉的事物前,表示特指意義。
    —Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
    ——你昨天玩得開心嗎?
    —Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
    ——是的,正如你所知,晚會是在愉快的氣氛中進行的。
    3.by+表示具體單位的名詞前要用定冠詞。
    Surprisingly,in that bookstore,books are sold by the dozen.
    真想不到,在那個書店里書按打賣。
    Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
    在大城市里,清潔工一般按小時計算薪水。
    4.用在表示某世紀、年代、時期或朝代的名詞前。
    It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
    在二十世紀九十年代五十多歲的人上大學進修是不罕見的。
    1.(2010?浙江卷)Many lifestyle patterns do such________great harm to health that they actually speed up________weakening of the human body.
    A.a;/    B./;the
    C.a;the    D./;/
    解析: 句意為:很多生活方式對身體健康是很有害的,實際上它們能加快體質(zhì)變?nèi)?。do harm to...為固定短語,意為“對……有害”;第二空為特指的用法,即特指體質(zhì)變?nèi)酰视枚ü谠~the。
    答案: B
    2.(2010?遼寧卷)There are over 58,000 rocky objects in    space,about 900 of which could fall down onto________earth.
    A.the;the    B./;the
    C.the;/    D.a;the
    解析: 句意為:太空中有58,000顆星體,其中有900顆左右可能墜落到地球上。第一空in space“在太空”,固定用法,類似用法還有in nature,in society 等;第二空表示地球,獨一無二的事物前須加定冠詞the,如the moon,the sun等,所以選B。
    答案: B
    3.(2011?西城5月)—What do you think about ________dress in the shop window?
    —Oh,it’s beautiful.You may give it to Linda as ________birthday present.
    A.a;a    B.the;a
    C.a;the    D.the;the
    解析: 考查冠詞的用法。第一空表特指櫥窗里的那一件,所以要用定冠詞the;第二空泛指一件禮物,所以要用不定冠詞。
    答案: B
    4.(2011?陜西寶雞檢測二)During the camp trip,children were fascinated by ________wonders of ________nature.
    A./;/    B./;the
    C.the;/    D.the;the
    解析: 考查冠詞。第一空指在宿營中看到的那些大自然中的奇觀,應該用定冠詞表特指;第二空不用冠詞,因為nature,society和space 前常不帶任何冠詞。
    答案: C
    5.(2011?煙臺四校聯(lián)考)It is clear that ________little money the invention will bring him can hardly support so large ________company.
    A./;the    B.a;the
    C.a;/    D.the;a
    解析: 考查冠詞。句意為:很顯然,這項發(fā)明帶給他的不多的錢很難支撐如此龐大的一個公司。此題的關鍵在于hardly 的暗示,說明錢不多或很少,用little 表示“少量的,不多的”,后面又有定語從句修飾,故其前應加定冠詞the;第二空處是so+adj.+a+可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
    答案: D
    1.系動詞turn (變成)后的單數(shù)名詞作表語,用零冠詞。
    Has he turned scientist?他成為科學家了嗎?
    After graduation from college he turned teacher (became a teacher).
    大學畢業(yè)后,他成了一名教師。
    3.在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的某一形式中。
    The teacher came in,book in hand (=with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book (held) in his hand).
    老師進來了,手里拿著一本書。
    4.man 意為“人類”,word 意為“消息”時,其前不用冠詞。
    Air is to man what water is to fish.
    人離不開空氣就像魚離不開水。
    Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in the World Cup.
    消息傳來說中國女足在世界杯獲得第二。
    5.no 與such 連用時應放在such 之前,such后的名詞不用冠詞。
    No such thing has ever happened in this village.
    村子里從未發(fā)生過這種事。
    1.(2010?江蘇卷)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that________people from all walks of life are working hard for________new Jiangsu.
    A./;a    B./;the
    C.the;a    D.the;the
    解析: 句意為:來江蘇的游客都對此印象頗深——為了一個嶄新的江蘇,來自各行各業(yè)的人都在努力工作著。people 為復數(shù)名詞,此處為泛指的用法,故第一空用零冠詞;一般地名前不用冠詞,但是如果前有形容詞修飾時,表示類指,前面要用不定冠詞。
    答案: A
    2.(2011?江西六校聯(lián)考)The driver was at________loss when ________word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
    A.a;the    B./;/
    C.the;the    D.a;/
    解析: 句意為:當由于超速駕車而被禁駕的消息傳來時,那位司機感到不知所措。at a loss 為固定習語,意為:不知所措,困惑不解,虧本;word 作a piece of news,message (消息,信息)講時,與零冠詞連用。又如:Please send (me)/leave word of your safe arrival/that you have arrived safely.請您把平安到達的消息告訴我。Word came that he had been admitted to Qinghua university.消息傳來說他被清華大學錄取了。
    答案: D
    3.(2011?東北三校第一次聯(lián)考)The chairman will be pleased at ________scene that everything is in ________place.
    A.a;a    B.the;the
    C.the;/    D./;the
    解析: 考查冠詞的用法。scene 后有定語從句修飾,是特指;in place 表示“在正確的位置,準備妥當”,是固定搭配。
    答案: C
    1.(2010?山東卷)If we sit near________front of the bus,we’ll have________better view.
    A./;the    B./;a
    C.the; a    D.the;the
    解析: 句意為:如果我們坐在公共汽車前部,視野就會更好些。the front of 表示某物體內(nèi)部的前面;比較級前加不定冠詞表示“更……”。
    答案: C
    2.(2010?四川卷)In ________most countries,a university degree can give you ______ flying start in life.
    A.the;a    B.the;/
    C./;/    D./;a
    解析: 句意為:在大多數(shù)國家,一張大學文憑能夠賦予你人生中一個良好的開端。most countries 為泛指,前面不用冠詞;start 此處是可數(shù)名詞,也是泛指,前面需用不定冠詞。
    答案: D
    3.(2010?重慶卷)Everything comes with________price;there is no such________thing as a free lunch in the world.
    A.a;a    B.the;/
    C.the;a    D.a;/
    解析: 句意為:一切都是有代價的,因為天下沒有“免費的午餐”。第二空用“no such+單數(shù)名詞”,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中,因no 本身含not a(an)/any ,故單數(shù)名詞前需用零冠詞,排除A、C兩項;第一空后的price 為單數(shù)名詞,在本句中表泛指,故用不定冠詞。
    答案: D
    4.(2009?遼寧卷)This area experienced________heaviest rainfall in________month of May.
    A./;a    B.a;the
    C.the;the    D.the;a
    解析: 本題句意應為:該地區(qū)在五月經(jīng)歷了最大降雨。heaviest是最高級,所以其前加定冠詞the。in the month of May是習慣用法,of表示同位關系。
    答案: C
    5.(2009?浙江卷)I don’t understand what the engineer means,but I’ve got________rough idea of________project plan.
    A.the;a    B./;the
    C.the;/    D.a;the
    解析: 句意為:我不明白那個工程師的意思,但我已大致了解這個項目計劃。have a rough idea是固定短語“大致了解”,而plan在本句中表特指,故用the。
    答案: D
    6.(2009?安徽卷)We can never expect________bluer sky unless we create________less polluted world.
    A.a;a    B.a;the
    C.the;a    D.the;the
    解析: 句意為:如果我們不能創(chuàng)建一個污染越來越少的世界,就永遠不要期待有一片更藍的天空。世界上獨一無二的名詞和一些抽象名詞之前如果有形容詞修飾,可加不定冠詞。如:a red sun一輪紅日;a great success一次巨大的成功。
    答案: A
    7.(2009?重慶卷)Washing machines made by China have won________worldwide attention and Haier has become______popular name.
    A.a;the    B./;a
    C./;the    D.the;a
    解析: 句意為:中國制造的洗衣機贏得了世界的關注,海爾已成為大眾喜愛的一個品牌名稱。attention是不可數(shù)名詞,此處表泛指,用零冠詞;name是可數(shù)名詞,此處也表泛指,需用不定冠詞修飾,故B項正確。
    答案: B
    8.(2009?四川卷)In order to find________better job,he decided to study________second foreign language.
    A.the;a    B.a;a
    C.the;the    D.a;the
    解析: 句意為:為了找到一個更好的工作,他決定再學習一門外語。第一個a表示泛指;a second(...)又一。
    答案: B
    9.(2009?陜西卷)What________pity that you couldn’t be there to receive________prize!
    A.a;a    B.the;a
    C.a;the    D.the;the
    解析: 句意為:你沒能去領獎,真是遺憾!第一空中a pity為固定結(jié)構(gòu):used to show that you are disappointed about sth.“遺憾,可惜”,根據(jù)題意可知第二空后的prize(獎品)是雙方都知道的事物,表特指,故用定冠詞。
    答案: C
    10.(2009?全國卷Ⅰ)Let’s go to________cinema—that’ll take your mind off the problem for________while.
    A.the;the    B.the;a
    C.a;the    .a;a
    解析: 句意為:讓我們?nèi)タ磮鲭娪鞍伞菍屇銜簳r放下頭腦中的問題。go to the cinema為固定搭配,意為“去看場電影”;第二空for a while為固定搭配。
    答案: B
    1.(2011?海淀區(qū)第一學期期中練習)Jack had ________feeling of excitement when hearing his article had been published in ________school magazine.
    A.the;a    B.a;the
    C./;the    D.the;/
    解析: 考查冠詞的用法。have a feeling of 為固定用法,意思是:有一種……的感覺;第二空表特指。句意為:聽到自己的文章已經(jīng)在??习l(fā)表,Jack有一種興奮的感覺。
    答案: B
    2.(2011?杭州市教學質(zhì)量檢測)I got ________bad toothache yesterday,which kept me awake ________whole night.
    A.a;the    B./;a
    C.the;a    D.a;/
    解析: 考查冠詞。get a toothache 牙疼,是固定用法,而整個晚上(whole night)是特指昨天晚上,因此應該使用定冠詞。我昨天晚上牙疼得厲害,整晚沒睡。
    答案: A
    3.(2011?蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市教學調(diào)查)China is ________vast country which is home to________amazing variety of landscapes,plants and animals.
    A.the;the    B.a;the
    C.the;an    D.a;an
    解析: 考查冠詞的用法。第一空表示“中國是一個……樣的國家”,是泛指的概念,因此填不定冠詞;第二空是固定短語a variety of,只是在variety 前面加上了形容詞amazing 修飾它。
    答案: D
    4.(2011?東北三省四市聯(lián)考)—Anyone in mind for this position?What about Jack?
    —He may be a good friend,but business is business.He is not________man for ________job.
    A.a;a    B.the;the
    C.a;the    D.the;a
    解析: 考查冠詞的用法。第一空是泛指的概念,因此用不定冠詞;第二空是特指這份工作,用定冠詞。
    答案: C
    5.(2011?湖南師大附中)We all hold________belief that those who have ________wonderful sense of humor are more popular.
    A.the;a    B./;/
    C.the;/    D.a;the
    解析: 句意為:我們都認為那些有強烈幽默感的人更受歡迎。belief 后是同位語從句,第一空用the表特指;第二空a sense of homor (幽默感)為常用搭配。
    答案: A
    6.(2011?青島市模擬)________World Expo is regarded as the Olympic Games of the economy,science and technology,________expert said.
    A.A;an    B.The;an
    C.The;a    D.A;the
    解析: 第一空特指“世博會”,故用定冠詞the;第二空泛指“一個專家”,expert 又是以元音音素開頭,故用an。
    答案: B
    7.(2011?山東青島一模)I was told that________10∶15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach ________Fudan University.
    A.the;/    B.the;a
    C.a;the    D./;the
    解析: 句意為:我被告知10∶15的航班將把我們送達上海,以便及時到達復旦大學。根據(jù)句意可知第一空表特指,故用定冠詞;第二空后Fudan University 是以純專有名詞Fudan 開頭的,要用零冠詞。Fudan University 還可表達為“the university of Fudan”。
    答案: A
    8.(2011?河南鄭州測試)The students were studying in ________classroom when,all of ________sudden,the lights went out.
    A./;/    B.a;the
    C.the;a    D.the;/
    解析: 句意為:那些學生正在教室學習,這時突然燈滅了。根據(jù)題干中的the students 可知學生是特指的,由此可推知教室也應是特指的,故第一空用定冠詞;all of a sudden 為固定習語,相當于suddenly。由此可見答案為C項。
    答案: C
    9.(2011?江西重點中學二模)My mother asked me to repeat________phone number ________second time so that she could write it down.
    A.the;a    B.a;the
    C.an;a    D.the;the
    解析: 句意為:我母親讓我再次重復那個電話號碼以便她能記下。根據(jù)句意可知,第一空后的phone number 表特指,故用定冠詞;“a+序數(shù)詞+名詞”表示“又一,再一”之意,而“the+序數(shù)詞+名詞”表示次序。綜上所述,本題答案為A項。
    答案: A
    10.(2011?濰坊市質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)Jack wanted to be________university student,but in________entrance examination he missed by a mile.
    A.a;an    B.an;the
    C.the;an    D.a;the
    解析: 考查冠詞。a university student 一名大學生,表泛指;the entrance examination 特指入學考試。
    答案: D
    11.(2011?濟南期中考試)—Stay a bit longer,please.It’s been such________fun having you here.
    —Thank you,but I’ve got________early start tomorrow morning.
    A./;the    B.a;an
    C./;an    D.the;an
    解析: 考查冠詞。此題中fun為不可數(shù)名詞,前面不用冠詞。an early start早起。句意為:——再呆一會兒吧,有你在這里太有趣了?!x謝,但明天早上我還要早起呢。
    答案: C
    12.(2011?江西永修一中月考)—How many people are still leading________life under________poverty line in the world?
    —Perhaps one fourth,according to the report.
    A.the;/    B.a;the
    C.a;a    D./;the
    解析: lead a life為固定結(jié)構(gòu),故第一空填不定冠詞a;第二空用the表示特指。
    答案: B
    13.(2011?桂林中學月考)His failure at________first attempt didn’t disappoint him.Instead,he gathered his courage and tried________second time.
    A.the;the    B.the;a
    C.a;the    D.a;a
    解析: 考查冠詞的用法。第一空序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the,此處指第一次嘗試;a second time表示“又一次,再一次”,用不定冠詞。
    答案: B
    14.(2011?臨川一中月考)Everyone should learn from________Lei Feng and try to be________Lei Feng.
    A./;a    B./;/
    C.the;the    D./;the
    解析: 考查冠詞。第一空提到的雷鋒是眾所周知的人物,人名前用零冠詞,而第二空是指雷鋒式的人物,所以用不定冠詞。
    答案: A
    15.(2011?湖南長沙一中第三次月考)Only when you stay and live with________local people for a period of time will you have________better understanding of life here.
    A.a;/    B.the;a
    C./;the    D.the;the
    解析: 根據(jù)句中的here可知,這里的local people是特指的概念,因此前面加定冠詞,由此排除A、C兩項;此外,have a better understanding of sth.是固定用法,表示“對……有更好的了解”。
    答案: B
    ?
    
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