2013中考英語備考:主謂一致考點(diǎn)直擊(必知重點(diǎn))

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    【考點(diǎn)直擊】
    1. 語法一致的原則
    2. 意義一致的原則
    3. 鄰近一致的原則
    【名師點(diǎn)睛】
    謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致。主謂
    一致一般遵循三條原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近一致原則。
    1. 語法一致的原則
    (1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
    He goes to school early every morning.
    The children are playing outside.
    To work hard is necessary for a student.
    (2)由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
    Both he and I are right.
    Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.
    但并列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
    His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
    The poet and writer has come.
    (3)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:
    In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
    Each man and each woman is asked to help.
    (4)主語是單數(shù)時(shí),盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞短語,謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如:
    The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
    Nobody but two boys was late for class.
    Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
    (5) 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
    A lot of people are dancing outside.
    The police are looking for lost boy.
    (6)由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。例如:
    Is everybody ready?
    Somebody is using the phone.
    (7)有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
    Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
    Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
    如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等,則往往用作單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
    Here are some new pairs of shoes.
    My new pair of socks is on the bed.
    2. 意義一致的原則
    (1)表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如:
    Twenty years is not a long time.
    Ten dollars is too dear.
    (2)有些集合名詞,如family, team等作主語時(shí),如作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如指其中每個(gè)成員,則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
    My family is big one.
    My family are watching TV.
    (3)不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時(shí),也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
    All of the work has been finished.
    All of the people have gone.
    (4)疑問代詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況:主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);主語表示單數(shù)意義,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
    Who is your brother?
    Who are League members?
    (5)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù):名詞是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
    It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
    Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
    (6)half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時(shí),如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果所指為單數(shù)意義,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:
    I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
    Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
    (7)由what 引導(dǎo)地主于從句作主語時(shí),通常謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
    What she said is correct.
    What she left me are a few old books.
    (8)凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語,往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概念,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
    The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
    The dead is a famous person.
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