很多學(xué)生覺得英語難學(xué),但事實(shí)上,英語和其他學(xué)科區(qū)別不大,知識點(diǎn)都完全出在書中。只要肯下工夫,一定會把英語學(xué)好,至少英語成績不會被別人落下太多。通過今年的初三期末考試可以看出來,學(xué)生們存在的最主要的問題還是對教材不夠熟悉。比如,今年的完形填空題出自教科書中的原文,但是5個填空部分很多學(xué)生都沒有完全答對。其實(shí),現(xiàn)在考試的趨勢越來越回歸教材,所以學(xué)生們一定要對教材非常熟悉。英語考試中的作文雖然不像語文作文那樣占分比例很大,但這仍是一個重點(diǎn)。此次考試,學(xué)生們的作文情況也不是很理想。原因是學(xué)生們平時(shí)不愿意動筆。其實(shí),只要對教材熟悉,寫作的問題就不大。教材中的每個模塊的第二、三單元都是一個主題,這個主題會告知寫作內(nèi)容。中考時(shí)的寫作范圍也不會脫離這些主題,肯定會是書中提到過的,所以,學(xué)生們要根據(jù)這些主題主動練習(xí)寫作。
寒假期間的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)可根據(jù)個人情況而定,但以下兩方面不得忽視:1、完形填空和閱讀每天要做四五篇。英語考試中完形填空和閱讀所占分?jǐn)?shù)非常大,這是一個容易得分的部分。所以,學(xué)生們在假期每天都要保證閱讀數(shù)量。英語語感很重要,如果長時(shí)間不做閱讀,再次復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)會費(fèi)很多力氣。2、初一到初三教材“過”一遍。復(fù)習(xí)英語的最好方式就是熟讀教材,因?yàn)橛⒄Z教材中幾乎涵蓋了所有知識點(diǎn)。寒假期間,初一到初三年級的全部英語單詞要復(fù)習(xí)一遍,課文要通讀一遍,要保證英譯漢和漢譯英都沒有問題,這樣會給開學(xué)后進(jìn)入總復(fù)習(xí)提供很多幫助。
名 詞
1、英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù):英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。 (1)、名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下:
①在單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.
②s,o,x ,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.
[注]:少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.
③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.
④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives. (2)、不規(guī)則變化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish,
child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese [考例]
There is good_________ for you. I've found your lost watch. [廣東省] A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts
[答案]A。[解析] 四個選項(xiàng)都是以s結(jié)尾的名詞,其中A為不可數(shù)名詞,B、C、D為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,句中用了連系動詞is,所以只有A項(xiàng)正確。
My uncle will come to my house for dinner.I want to buy some ___to make a vegetable salad for him.[濟(jì)寧] A.meat B.tomatoes C.apple juice [答案]B。[解析]下文說制作蔬菜沙拉,故選蔬菜類的tomatoes。
重慶] A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers
[答案] D。 [解析]可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在原形后加“s”。根據(jù)school concert可知,需要挑選的是singers。
At night the koala bear gets up and eats___________.[廣元] A.1eaf B.1eaves C. leafs
[答案]B。[解析]考查名詞leaf的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),一般將f或fe變v后,加es。
The PLA man saved three ____lives in the accident.[濟(jì)南] A.children’s B.children C.child D.childs'
[答案]A。[解析]考查名詞所有格的用法。three后接復(fù)數(shù)children,變名詞所有格時(shí)直接加“'s”,故選A。
Come on,children.Help yourselves to some_________ if you like.[南通] A.fish and chicken B.fishes and chicken C.fish and chickens D.fishes and chickens [答案]A。[解析]fish(魚肉)和chicken(雞肉)都是不可數(shù)名詞。
All the ____teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.[ 重慶] A.man B.men C.woman D.women
[答案]D。[解析]由時(shí)間on March 8th可知是婦女節(jié),因此是女教師?!芭處煛眴螖?shù)形式用woman teacher,復(fù)數(shù)形式兩個詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。故選D。
注意:不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.
[考例]
Mr Smith always has _________to tell us.[青島] A.some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C.some good piece of newes D.some piece of good newes
[答案]A。[解析]考查名詞的數(shù)的掌握。 news意為“消息”,是不可數(shù)名詞,所以C、D兩項(xiàng)可排除。形容詞修飾類似的詞組時(shí),一般放在前面。
——Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well. 一Well,I'd like to try those blue__________.[黃岡] A.pairs B.one C.pant D.pair
[答案]A。[解析]pants要用a pair of來修飾,由those blue確定其后接pairs的復(fù)數(shù)形式,故選A。
―Would you like some drinks, boys?[ 河北] ―Yes, A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange
[答案] D [解析]orange是不可數(shù)名詞??捎谩皵?shù)詞或冠詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示它的數(shù)量。量詞(piece, bottle, glass, pair, cup等)是可數(shù)名詞,可根據(jù)情況用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),但of后面的名詞只能用單數(shù)。
黃岡] A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the
[答案] B。 [解析]news為不可數(shù)名詞,其前面不能用a/an來修飾。不可數(shù)名詞的確切數(shù)量可借助單位詞組來表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。
2、名詞所有格:
1、名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語、賓語或主語。其構(gòu)成法如下:
(1)表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(兒童節(jié)), my sister’s book(我姐姐的書)
(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只在詞尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教師節(jié))
(3)有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s. 如:
newspaper(), break(), ().
(4)無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。如:
a fine daughter of the Party(黨的好女兒). [注解]:
① ‘s還可以表示某人的家或者某個店鋪,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(診所)
② 兩人共有某物時(shí),可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和麗麗合
住的臥室)
③ “of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”,稱為雙重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父親
的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
[考例]
_________fathers are both scientists.[ 咸寧]
A.Jim's and Bob B.Jim's and Bob's C.Jim and Bob's D.Jim and Bob
[答案]B。[解析]當(dāng)兩個人分別擁有時(shí),要在每個人后都加名詞所有格的標(biāo)志“’s”來表達(dá)。吉姆
的父親和鮑勃的父親不是一個人,所以在其后都加“'s”,故選B。 _____room is big and bright.They like it very much. [河北] A.Tom and Sam B.Tom's find Sam C.Tom and Sam's D.Tom's and Sam's
[答案]C。[解析]本題考查名詞所有格的用法。表示兩人共同擁有某一事物時(shí),只需要在第二個人的后面加“’s”。故選C。
―How’s Joy’s skirt? ―Her skirt is more beautiful than蘭州] A. her sister’s and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kate’s D. her sister’s and Kate’s
[答案] D。 [解析]當(dāng)某物為幾個人所共有時(shí),只在最后一個名詞后用所有格形式;如表示兩者或兩者以上分別所有,應(yīng)在每個名詞后用所有格形式。 —Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? —No, it’s about _______.(浙江寧波) A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes’ walk D. 7 minute’s walk
[答案]C。[解析]考查名詞所有格用法。當(dāng)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)以-s結(jié)尾時(shí),則只需要加“’”即可,則“7分鐘的距離”為“7 minutes’ walk”。 ——.
——With pleasure.That’s what I'm expecting.[哈爾濱]
A.two or three days' B.two or three day's time C.two or three days' time
答案:C解析:in后接一段時(shí)間,此處表示“兩三天的時(shí)間”,要用名詞所有格形式,因two or three days是復(fù)數(shù),直接加“”’,故選C。
I'm going on holiday on the 12th.I have to be back at work on the 26th.So I've got two_______ holiday.[臨沂] A.weeks B.week's C.weeks' D.week
答案:C解析:本題考查名詞所有格的用法?!皟芍堋笔菑?fù)數(shù),用two weeks,weeks變名詞所有格時(shí),只需在后面加“’”,故選C。
3、名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)和謂語之間的單復(fù)數(shù)的一致問題:
1、和謂語基本保持單復(fù)數(shù)的一致,即:主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動詞
用單數(shù)形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(計(jì)算機(jī)是個了不起的發(fā)明)The (玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時(shí),
① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數(shù)形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)② 如果表示其中的所有成員時(shí),則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:.(三 班有張中國地圖)
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時(shí)謂語用單數(shù),表示許多時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)
4、maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù):very exciting.
(這個消息令人興奮)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
(褲子很便宜,我想買)
6、a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:(現(xiàn)在有許多學(xué)生在打壘球)on that work.(大量的時(shí)間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)
7、and 連接兩個名詞做主語時(shí),謂語原則上用復(fù)數(shù),但是兩個名詞若構(gòu)成一個整體事物時(shí),謂
語則用單數(shù)。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯?xiàng)l是一種出名的食品)
8、 there be 句型中be的單復(fù)數(shù)一般由靠近的名詞決定。如:in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)
9、用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時(shí),謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如: .(你和我明天要求都來)
10、主語中含有with的短語時(shí),謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如:. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當(dāng)時(shí))就站在路邊)
11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時(shí),謂語采用就近原則。如:
Either you right.(要么是你對,要么是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither .(你和我都不打算去那里)
12、表示一段時(shí)間或長度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí),謂語一般用單數(shù)。如:not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時(shí)間)quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離)
13、主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時(shí),謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名
詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時(shí))正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動句)
但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What’of China?(中國人口是多
少?)(句子用單數(shù))(阿拉伯人).(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù)) 4、部分名詞用法辨析:
1、sport、game、match、race 的區(qū)別:sport通常指“戶外運(yùn)動”,以鍛煉為主,概念較大;game意思是“運(yùn)動、比賽”,不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動;match意為“競賽、比賽”,多指正式比賽;race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如:People all around the world enjoy (全世界的人都喜愛運(yùn)動) / The 2008 Olympic will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運(yùn)會將在北京舉行)(被動句) / Our school football team won the league (聯(lián)賽).(我們學(xué)校足球隊(duì)取得了聯(lián)賽冠軍) / They were strong and won the boat (湯他們很棒,贏得了劃艇比賽)
2、festival、holiday、vacation的區(qū)別:festival“節(jié)日”,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的文娛
活動;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,復(fù)數(shù)可以表示一個較長的假期;vacation“假期”,指學(xué)習(xí)或工作中一段長時(shí)間的休息。如:will be held next month.(上海電視節(jié)將在下個月舉行)do not work.(星期天是個假日,多數(shù)人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer (在暑期你打算做什么事情?)
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的區(qū)別:journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進(jìn)行的長途旅行,
不知終點(diǎn),含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)游覽多處,常用來指觀光等;trip通常指往返定時(shí)的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國外,沒有明確目的地,也作不可數(shù)名詞,指旅行這一行為。如:He made Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone (他步行觀光去了)(去年他
去了上海好幾次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亞哥) during your travels?(旅行期間你去圣地亞哥了嗎?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險(xiǎn)的)
4、sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別:sound指各種聲音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓
音”。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠) (突然間傳來幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫) .(因?yàn)楦忻暗木壒?這個歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音)
5、fish的問題:指許多條魚且不管種類時(shí),用fish,單復(fù)數(shù)相同;fishes 指許多種類的魚;fish
指“魚肉”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多種類的魚).(與肉相比我更喜歡魚) [考例]
Studying in a foreign country is a different _____and you can learn a lot.[鹽城] A.event B.exercise C.experience D.exhibition 答案:C解析:由選項(xiàng)及句意“在外國學(xué)習(xí)是一次不同的并且你能學(xué)到許多東西。”可知用experience“經(jīng)歷”最合適。故選C。 ---Would you like some_________?
---No, thank you. I'm not hungry at all. [陜西省] A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee
[答案]C 。[解析]后文中有hungry,說明上文詢問的是關(guān)于食品的問題,所以選bread。 It's common ____that the Japanese eat Sushi. [沈陽] A.information B.knowledge C.direction D.instruction
答案:B解析:由選項(xiàng)及句意“日本人吃壽司是常識”。information意為“信息”;knowledge意為“知識,學(xué)識”; direction意為“方向”;instruction意為“說明”,故選B。
The thing that ____is not whether you fan or not,but whether you try or not.[蘇州] A.minds B.cares C.matters D.considers
答案:C解析:句意為“問題不在于你失敗與否,而在于你是否嘗試了”。mind"介意”,care"關(guān)心”,matter"有關(guān)系,重要”,consider"認(rèn)為,考慮”,故選C。 ——I don't know how to use this machine. 一It doesn't matter.Here is the____.[江西] A.instruction B.direction C.information D.advertisement 答案:A解析:句意:“我不知道怎樣使用這臺機(jī)器?!薄皼]關(guān)系。這兒有說明?!惫蔬xA。 ——What do you know about____?
——Line drawings that show how something works.[沈陽] A.pictures B.diagrams C.programmes D.paintings
答案:B解析:由答語中的“畫的線表明事情是怎么工作的”可知由“線”來表示,故應(yīng)是圖表。 ---Look, the tall building looks very modern.
---Yes, and there is a garden on its ___________. A garden in the air! [河南省] A. top B. ground C. side D. floor [答案]A。[解析] 由A garden in the air可判斷為“頂部”。 一How can I tell one tree from another?
一You can mostly tell them by the _________of their leaves.[07武漢市] A.shape B size C.age D color [答案]A 。[解析]本題與生物知識。區(qū)別樹的不同點(diǎn)時(shí),大多通過樹葉的“形狀”。 ---Oh! There isn't enough _________ for us in the bus.
---No hurry. Let's wait for the next. [昆明市] A. place B. land C. room D. floor
[答案]C。[解析]考查單詞room的用法。place意為“地點(diǎn)”;land意為“陸地";room作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)表示“房間”,作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)意為“地方”;floor意為“樓層,地板”。在“公共汽車上”,只能是沒有足夠的“地方”。
0ur school held an activity called “Recommend Books to Your Teachers”.The students made a ____of 1 000 books.[淄博] A.note B.1ine C.menu D.1ist
答案:D解析:句意為“學(xué)生列了一張1 000本書的清單”。note"筆記”,line“線”,menu“菜單”,list“名單,單子”,故選D。
【語法過關(guān)】
1. Today is September 10th. It's______ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's 2 .He had something to write down and asked me for_____, A. a paper B. some papers C some pieces papers D. a piece of paper 3. The ______ now is that we have lots of _____ to ask, A. problem; questions B. question; problems C question; problem D. problem; question 4. --- Can I just have a try?
---Sure. It doesn't if you give a wrong answer. A. matter B. trouble C. mind D. care 5 .--- Could you move over a little and make some_______ for me? --- Sure. Please. A. place B. seat C. room D. ground 6. -What would you like to drink, girls? -_____, please.
A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees
7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs far _______. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks 8. I'd like something to read. Would you please pass me the _____________? pen B. box C. ruler D. book 9. September 10th is ___________. A. Women's Day B. Children's Day C. Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers' Day 10. -How do you get home from ______? By bus? -No, I walk. ______ isn't very far.
A. school, The school B. the school, The school C. the school, School D. school, School 【參考答案】ww.zgk5nu.com
1.B “教師節(jié)” 的正確表示法是“Teachers' Day” 。
2.D paper表示“紙” 的意思時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞,前面可以加a piece of (pieces of)。
3.A question一般與“疑問” 有關(guān),problem一般與“困難” 有聯(lián)系,多用于指令人困惑的事或數(shù)學(xué)難題等。
4. A it doesn't matter. 意思是“沒關(guān)系” 。 5.C room在這里指“空間” 。
6.C不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時(shí),借助表量的名詞,名詞前數(shù)詞大于一時(shí),名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 7.A fun有“娛樂,玩笑,嬉戲”等意。
8. D 本題為語意的理解問題,與“read” 直接發(fā)生聯(lián)系的是“book” 。
9. D 本題屬于社會常識。
10. A 上句中的“school” 雖是個體名詞,但這里已轉(zhuǎn)為“抽象” 意義,故前面不用冠詞;下句中的“school” 則是特指,故要用定冠詞。
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