adj.表示人和事物的特征，對(duì)名詞起修飾和描繪作用
adv. 表示動(dòng)作特征或性狀，主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及整個(gè)句子
一、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)
1.原級(jí)：表示A與B在某方面相同。
句型：1) A + 謂 + as + 原級(jí) + as + B
2) A + 謂(否定) + as/so + 原級(jí) + as + B
注意：not as / so… as = less …than 不及;不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I.
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比較級(jí)：兩者進(jìn)行比較(常與than連用)
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聰明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的蘋(píng)果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本書(shū)更有趣，這本還是那本?
3.最高級(jí)：三者(或三者以上)進(jìn)行比較(常與表范圍的in , of短語(yǔ)連用)
( 注意：of + 個(gè)體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比較等級(jí)的其他用法
1) “比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí)” 表示 “越來(lái)越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越來(lái)越懶
(但注意：如果多音節(jié)詞用此結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)為 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越來(lái)越漂亮
2) “the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)” “越……，越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懶，收獲越少。
3) “the比較級(jí)of +二者” “二者中較……的一個(gè)”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具體數(shù)量 + 比較級(jí)”
eg. He’s a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示“是……幾倍”時(shí)用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書(shū)的價(jià)錢(qián)是那本書(shū)的兩倍。
6)區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further
older(年齡較老的)
elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距離“較遠(yuǎn)的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更進(jìn)一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.
二、形、副比較等級(jí)還應(yīng)注意
1.比較級(jí)前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“……一點(diǎn)兒;……得多 ; 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一點(diǎn)兒
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意：不能在比較級(jí)前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比較級(jí)必須是同類(lèi)事物相比(即as; than后的詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)是同類(lèi)事物)，注意常用漏的代詞有：that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples in this basketare redder than in that basket.
2)Our bedroom is bigger than Lily.
3.表示“第二、第三……”時(shí)，可在最高級(jí)前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first)
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改錯(cuò)：________________
4.形、副比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則
A、規(guī)則變化
①一般在詞尾加er或est
②以e結(jié)尾的只加r或st
③以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先變y為i，再加er或est
④以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，先雙寫(xiě)最末的一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er或est
5.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞，前加more為比較級(jí)，加(the)most為最高級(jí)
6、不規(guī)則變化
原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
good/wellbetterbest
many/muchmoremost
bad/ill/badlyworseworst
littlelessleast
oldolder/elderoldest/eldest
farfarther
furtherfarthest
furthest
4)在形容詞的最高級(jí)前一般加the, 副詞的最高級(jí)前一般不加the (但當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞、所有格時(shí)則不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改錯(cuò)) ________
5)形容詞作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞(但部分形容詞不能作定語(yǔ)，只能表語(yǔ),如：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
三、注意：副詞的種類(lèi)、用法及位置
1.副詞的種類(lèi)
(1)時(shí)間副詞
①表示大體時(shí)間：now，then，yesterday，today， tonight，before，justnow，recently，sO faf
②表示頻率：always，usually，often，sometimes.seldom，never
③其它作用：already，yet，late，early，soon，at once，immediately，atfirst，at last，finally
(2)地點(diǎn)副詞
①表地點(diǎn)：here，there，home，abroad，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere
②表位置關(guān)系(后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用作介詞)：above，below，round，around，down，up，in，out，inside，outside，across，back，along，over，away，near，off,past
(3)方式副詞 表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“怎樣地”，(此類(lèi)副詞大部分由形容詞加ly構(gòu)成)：badly，bravely，gratefully，calmly，carefully，carelessly，nervously，proudly，patiently，politely，sadly，properly，rapidly，wrongly，suddenly
(4)程度副詞 多數(shù)用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞：much，(a)little，a bit，very，sO，too，enough，quite,rather，completely，terribly，deeply，nearly，almost，hardly
(5)疑問(wèn)副詞 構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句：how，when, where，why
(6)連接副詞 連接主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)從句：how，when，where，why
(7)關(guān)系副詞 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句：when，where，why
(8)其它性質(zhì)的副詞 對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)：frankly(坦率地說(shuō)，說(shuō)真的)，generally(一般說(shuō)來(lái))，luckily(幸運(yùn)地是)，first of all(首先)等。
練 習(xí)
一、寫(xiě)出下列詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______
early ______ ______ new ______ ______
hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______
little _____ ______ late _____ ______
narrow______ ______fat _____ ______
many ______ _____ big _____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful __________ ___________
careful __________ ____________
slowly __________ ____________
popular __________ ____________
二、選擇填空
( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?
A. difficult B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.
A. strong as B. so strong as
C. so strong D. as strong
( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.
A. more ; much B. much ; more
C. more ; more D. much ; much
( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily
( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine
( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country B. any other country
C. any countries D. all countries
( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl B. any other girl
C. all the girls D. any girls
( )12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more B. much C. very D. the most
( )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.
A. good ; good B. well ; well
C. good ; well D. well ; good
( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.
A. better at B. good at
C. well in D. weak in
( )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west B. more developed
C. east D. less developed
( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
( )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongest D. the strongest
( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to B. quite ; to
C. too ; to D. so ; that
( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast B. quickly enough
C. enough slow D. slowly enough
( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.
A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully
( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.
A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy
( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.
A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger
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