2013年高考已經(jīng)開始倒計(jì)時(shí)，俗話說：“臨陣磨刀，不快也光”，各位考生在此關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻千萬不要放松，要繼續(xù)武裝自己。為此，出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)高考頻道為2013考生特別推薦了一些高考試題和高考作文，大家可以用之作為額外的學(xué)習(xí)資源。預(yù)祝大家考出一個(gè)理想的成績。
☆單詞聚焦☆
1. advance的用法
▲構(gòu)詞：advanced adj. 高等的.先進(jìn)的，高深的
▲搭配：
① in advance 在前頭，預(yù)先，事先
② in advance of 在……前面;比……進(jìn)步;超過
③ on the advance (物價(jià))在上漲
【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.
A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查形容詞advanced與近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析]C “高等數(shù)學(xué)”的英譯是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先進(jìn)的。高級的”。
2. before 的特殊用法
(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我還沒來得及攔住他，他就跑出了屋子。
(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周過去了，我們才意識到。(或：時(shí)間不知不覺已過三周了。)
(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他沒過多久就回來了。
It won't be long before we graduate. 不要過多久我們就要畢業(yè)了。
3. chance的用法
▲搭配：
① by any chance 萬一，碰巧，或許
② by chance 偶然，意外地
③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒險(xiǎn)，碰碰運(yùn)氣，利用一下機(jī)會
【考例6】 (2005南京模擬)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.
A. work B. luck C. chances D. services
[考查目標(biāo)] chance的詞義。
[答案與解析] C chance在本句的詞義是“機(jī)會”。
4. consider v.
(1) 考慮
A) consider + n. / doing
I consider going abroad.
B) consider + 疑問詞 + to do
You have to consider what to do next.
(2) 認(rèn)為
A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.
I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.
They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.
B) consider + n. + to have done
I consider him to have acted disgracefully.
除了consider…as…表認(rèn)為外，還有regard…as
…，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as…
5. cost的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：costly adj. 昂貴的，貴重的
▲ 搭配：
① cost sb. sth. 花費(fèi)某人(多少錢);讓某人付出(代價(jià))/犧牲……
② at all costs 不惜任何代價(jià).無論如何
③ at any cost 不惜任何代價(jià)，無論如何
④ at cost (price) 按成本價(jià)格，按原價(jià)
⑤ at the cost of 以……為代價(jià)，用……換來的;喪失;犧牲
【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.
A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste
[考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查cost和它的幾個(gè)近義詞的區(qū)別。
[答案與解析] C cost的意思是“耗費(fèi)”，主語是指物的
名詞.而pay和spend等的主語是指人的名詞。
6. effect n. 效果;作用
have an effect on sth.
His words had a great pushing effect on his students.
(1) be of no effect 無效
(2) come into effect 開始生效;開始實(shí)行
[比較] affect vt. 影響 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.
7. experience的用法
▲構(gòu)詞: experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，熟練的
▲搭配:
① by experience 憑經(jīng)驗(yàn);從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中
② from experience 憑經(jīng)驗(yàn);從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中
③ gain experience in… 獲得……經(jīng)驗(yàn)
④ be experienced in… 某方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)
▲友情提示: experience這個(gè)詞作為可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)，解釋為“經(jīng)歷”，作為不可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)解釋為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。
【考例】 (2005山西模擬) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.
A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents
[考查目標(biāo)] experience的意思。
[答案與解析] C experience常為不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。
8. fear n. & vt.
(1) n. 恐懼 (多作不可數(shù)名詞)
His face was growing pale with fear.
憂慮;擔(dān)心的事(可數(shù))
There is no reason for your fears.
for fear of 由于怕……，以防
He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.
for fear (that) 惟恐;怕的是;以防
She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.
in fear of 害怕;擔(dān)心
The thief was in fear of the police.
(2) v. 恐懼;害怕，接 n. / pron.
Cats fear big dogs.
恐懼;害怕，接to do
Don't fear to tell the truth.
恐怕;擔(dān)心，接從句
She feared that she might not find him in his room.
▲構(gòu)詞：fearful adj. 可怕的，嚴(yán)重的;懼怕的，膽怯的;擔(dān)心的，憂慮的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大膽的，勇敢的，無畏的
▲搭配：
① be in fear (of) (為……而)提心吊膽
② for fear of 因?yàn)榕?以免，怕的是
③ for fear that-clause 生怕;為了防止(某事發(fā)生)
④ have a fear that-clause 擔(dān)心/怕(發(fā)生某事)
⑤ with fear 嚇得，怕得
⑥ fear (vi.) for... 擔(dān)心/憂慮……
【考例】(2004江蘇)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.
A. in case of B. instead of
C. for fear of D. in search
[考查目標(biāo)] fear構(gòu)成的短語的用法和意思。
[答案與解析]C for fear of 常在句中作狀語，意思是 “怕的是……。擔(dān)心……”。
9. fun n. 高興;樂趣;有趣的人或事
(1) for fun 為了高興;為著好玩
I only did it for fun.
(2) make fun of 開……的玩笑;取笑
It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.
[比較]
(1) laugh at 笑(某人);嘲笑
It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.
(2) play a joke on 開(某人的)玩笑
10. means n. 手段;辦法
(1) by means of 用……;依靠……
The water may be carried by means of a pipe.
(2) by all means 一定;務(wù)必;(表示同意)當(dāng)然可以，沒問題：務(wù)必，無論如何，千方百計(jì)地
Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.
(3) by no means 完全不是;一點(diǎn)也不;決不
This is by no means the first time you have been late.
還有： by this means 用這種方法; by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段
【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.
A. ways B. offers C. means D.helps
[考查目標(biāo)] by means of 短語的意思。
[答案與解析] C by means of 的意思是“通過某種手段”。
11. normal adj. 正常的;正規(guī)的
the normal temperature, normal behavior
(1) regular 規(guī)則的;有規(guī)律的
keep regular hours 生活有規(guī)律;按時(shí)作息
(2) common普通的;常見的
Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的;共同的
have a common interest 有著共同愛好
(3) usual 慣常的;慣例的
It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.
(4) ordinary 平凡的;普通的 in ordinary dress
12. once的用法
▲ 搭配：
① all at once 突然;同時(shí)
② at once 立刻，馬上;同時(shí)
③ (every) once in a while 偶爾，有時(shí)，間或
④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就這一次; 破例一回
⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次
⑥ not once 一次也不
⑦ once again / more再一次
⑧once and again一再，再三
⑨ once or twice 一兩次;有時(shí)，偶爾
⑩ once too often又(多了)一次
? once upon a time從前
【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.
A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless
[考查目標(biāo)] 連詞once的用法和詞義。
[答案與解析] B once在作連詞使用時(shí)意思是“一旦”。
13. prefer v. 寧愿;更喜歡
(1) prefer + n. / pron.
The boy preferred a detective story.
(2) prefer + v. -ing
Do you prefer living abroad?
(3) prefer + to do
She prefers to live among the working people.
(4) prefer sb. to do sth.
She preferred him to stay at home.
(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜歡……而不喜歡 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.
(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 寧愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.
(7) prefer + 從句(謂語動詞用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.
14. protect的用法
▲ 構(gòu)詞：protection n. 保護(hù)(者/物)，防御
▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……;使……免于，保護(hù)……使不受
【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.
A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection
C. self-respect D. self-service
[考查目標(biāo)] protect及其派生詞的詞義。
?
[答案與解析]B self-protection是名詞，意思是“自我保護(hù)”。
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