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高考英語陷阱題總結(jié)歸納——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
1. ―Mike is often absent from class.‖ ―Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.‖
A. shall B. will
C. would D. can
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選A.shall 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有以下兩個(gè)用法：
(1) 用于疑問句中征求意見。如：
Shall I help you? 要不要我?guī)蛶湍?
Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打開嗎?
(2) 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等(可用于各類人稱)。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你會(huì)為此事吃苦頭的。(表威脅)
Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個(gè)參賽者要戴一個(gè)號(hào)碼。(表規(guī)定)
You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來就可聽到所有情況了。(表允諾)
請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案均選 shall)：
(1) “I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”
A. should B. must
C. would D. shall
2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot B. shouldn‘t
C. mustn‘t D. needn‘t
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選A.cannot…too…是英語中一個(gè)十分有用的表達(dá)，意為“不可能太……，無論怎樣……也不算過分，越……越……”。如：
You can’t be too careful. 你越仔細(xì)越好。
You can’t praise the too much. 這本書值得大加贊揚(yáng)。
We cannot work too much for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龉ぷ魇遣豢赡茏鲞^頭的。
A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人買的衣服再多也不算多。
注：有時(shí)也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來表示類似意思。如： It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。
3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must B. can
C. need D. may
【陷阱】可能誤選B或C.
【分析】最佳答案為D.may 表推測(cè)，may not 意為“可能不(會(huì)坐火車來)”。句中的 He should 為 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but，說明語意有變化，再結(jié)合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可決定此題選D.注意，不能選B，因?yàn)閏an表示推測(cè)時(shí)通常不用肯定陳述句。
4. ―I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.‖ ―It ____ true because there was little snow there.‖
A. may not be B. won‘t be
C. couldn‘t be D. mustn‘t be
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 這一語境所決定，既然“沒下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就應(yīng)是“不可能”，所以選 couldn’t be，即選C.
5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
答案選A.從答話人的語境可知，空格處的意思“曾經(jīng)這樣想過”，即對(duì)過去情況作推測(cè)，故應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式”;又因?yàn)?can 表推測(cè)不用于肯定句，故選A.請(qǐng)看類例：
Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied
C. should copy D. should have copied
答案選B，既然兩人的答案完全一樣，說明“抄襲”已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式”，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選B而不能選D.
6. You _____ be right, but I don‘t think you are.
A. can B. could C. must D. should
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】從語境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地選了A，認(rèn)為整個(gè)句子為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以選can，而不選過去式 could，但是最佳答案卻是B而不是A.按照英語語法，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 用于推測(cè)表示可能性時(shí)，通常只用于否定句或疑問句中，而不用于肯定句中;但 could 用于表推測(cè)時(shí)，卻不僅可用于否定句和疑問句，也可用于肯定句，且此時(shí)的 could 并不是 can 的過去式，與 can 也沒有時(shí)間上的差別，只是 could 比 can語氣更委婉，所以答案選B.注：can 在以下特殊情況下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)+形容詞”，表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”、“時(shí)常會(huì)”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父親有時(shí)候很不講道理。
◆精編陷阱題訓(xùn)練◆
1. ―I thought you wouldn‘t mind.‖ ―Well, as a matter of fact I don‘t, but you _____ me first.‖
A. should ask B. should have asked
C. must ask D. must have asked
2. ―I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn‘t recognize her voice.‖ ―Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.‖
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
3. That car nearly hit me; I ______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. It‘s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.
A. mustn‘t B. needn‘t
C. can‘t D. don‘t
5. The police still haven‘t found her, but they‘re doing all they _____.
A. may B. can
C. must D. will
6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
A. needn‘t B. mightn‘t
C. mustn‘t D. won‘t
7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already.
A. needn‘t tell B. needn‘t have told
C. mightn‘t tell D. mightn‘t have told
8. As she‘s not here, I suppose she _____ home.
A. must go B. must have gone
C. might go D. might be going
9. Are you still here? You ______ home hours ago.
A. should go B. should have gone
C. might go D. may have gone
10. ―I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn‘t recognize her voice.‖ ―Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.‖
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.
A. may B. can
C. would D. should
13.“Shall we go shopping?” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can‘t D. shouldn‘t
14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.
A. mustn‘t B. can‘t
C. may not D. needn‘t
15. I didn‘t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.
A. mustn‘t B. shouldn‘t
C. needn‘t D. couldn‘t
17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed
C. should fail D. could have failed
18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday?” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”
A. should be B. should have been
C. must be D. might have been
19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me.
A. could help B. should help
C. could have helped D. must have helped
20. ―You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.‖ ―Yes. A whole day _______.‖
A. can ask, will waste
B. must have asked, had wasted
C. could have asked, was wasted
D. shouldn‘t have asked, would be wasted
21. “Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”
A. must B. might
C. would D. can
22. ―Show me your permit, please.‖ ―Oh, it‘s not in my pocket. It ______.‖
A. might fall out B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out
23. ―Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.‖ ―Don‘t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.‖
A. must; could B. may; might
C. need; must D. could; need
25. “Did Jim come?” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”
A. might have come B. might come
C. mush have come D. should have come
◆答案與解析◆
1. 選B，should 后接動(dòng)詞完成式表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事，結(jié)果未做”，此處含有責(zé)備之意。
2. 選B，對(duì)過去情況的肯定推測(cè)，宜用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞完成式”，再根據(jù)句意，可確定答案為B.注：can 表示推測(cè)通常不用于肯定陳述句。
3. 選B，表示過去可能發(fā)生而實(shí)際上未發(fā)生的事，用might + 動(dòng)詞完成式。若只是推測(cè)過去可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事，則可用 may [might] + 動(dòng)詞完成式，如 He may [might] have gone. 他可能已經(jīng)走了。
4. 選C.由句意可知。
5. 選B，do all one can 意為“盡力”或“竭盡全力”。
6. 選C，mustn’t 在此相當(dāng)于 can’t，且語氣更強(qiáng)。
7. 選B，“needn’t + 動(dòng)詞完成式”的意思是：本來不必做某事，但實(shí)際上做了。上句意思是“你本來不必告訴他這個(gè)消息的，因?yàn)樗?當(dāng)時(shí))已經(jīng)知道了”。注意，句中 knew 為過去式。
8. 選B，must 后接動(dòng)詞完成式表示對(duì)過去情況的肯定推測(cè)，意為“一定已經(jīng)做了某事”。
9. 選B，should 后接動(dòng)詞完成式表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事，結(jié)果未做”。
10. 選B，對(duì)過去情況的肯定推測(cè)，宜用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞完成式”，再根據(jù)句意，可確定答案為B.注：can 表示推測(cè)通常不用于肯定句。
12. 選A.may have done sth 表示對(duì)過去可能發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“可能曾經(jīng)”。
13. 選C.根據(jù)上下文的語境推知。can’t 意為“不能”。
14. 選B.根據(jù)上下文的語境推知。can’t 表推測(cè)，意為“不不能”。
16. 選D.couldn’t have done sth 表示對(duì)過去情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“過去不可能發(fā)生過某情況”。
17. 選A.根據(jù)下文的 will be 可知，“他考試再不及格”是將來的事，據(jù)此可排除B和
D.再根據(jù)語意，排除C.
18. 選D.從時(shí)間上看，由于是昨天沒來開會(huì)，所以推測(cè)他生病也應(yīng)指昨天，故排除A和C.從語境上看，既然上文說 I’m not so sure，那么說明說話者對(duì)自己的推測(cè)沒有很大把握，故選D.
19. 選C.根據(jù)上文的過去時(shí)態(tài)可知，此句談的是過去的事，故排除A和C.根據(jù)語境排除D.
20. 選C.couldn’t have done sth 結(jié)構(gòu)在此表示責(zé)備，指過去本來可以做某事但實(shí)際上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陳述的是過去的一事實(shí)。
21. 選B.根據(jù)下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，說話人對(duì)自己的推測(cè)沒有很大把握，故選 might.若選A，語氣太強(qiáng)，不合語境;若選D，不合語法習(xí)慣，因?yàn)閏an 表推測(cè)通常不用于肯定陳述句中。
22. 選D.既然“通行證現(xiàn)在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”應(yīng)發(fā)生在過去，故排除A和B.比較選項(xiàng)C和D所表示的意思，選D更恰當(dāng)。
24. 選A.根據(jù) Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空應(yīng)填must.第二空填的could表示推測(cè)，雖為過去式形式，但表示現(xiàn)在意義，語氣較委婉，它與表推測(cè)的 can 主要用于否定句和疑問句不同，它可以用于肯定陳述句。
25. 選A.根據(jù)句中有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)可知“他來”發(fā)生在過去，故排除B;根據(jù) I don’t know 可知選項(xiàng)C語氣太肯定，不合適;選項(xiàng)D的意思是“本來應(yīng)該來”，與語境不合。
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