?2014考研英語(yǔ)閱讀精析六
Unit2學(xué)習(xí)能力
Text3 正文
Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal -- and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.
“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,” wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?”
The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.
Text3 習(xí)題
1. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?
[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.
[C] A person who has had no education.
[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.
2. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
[A] The variety of ideas they have.
[B] The intelligence they possess.
[C] The way they deal with problems.
[D] The way they present their findings.
3. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because ________.
[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity
[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things
[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’s point of view
[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
4. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are ________.
[A] diligent in pursuing their goals
[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
[C] devoted to the progress of science
[D] concerned about the advance of society
Text 3全文翻譯
“無(wú)知者”認(rèn)為科學(xué)技術(shù)上的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造來(lái)自靈感的眩目閃現(xiàn)或戲劇性的事件。亞歷山大?弗萊明爵士可不像傳說(shuō)中的那樣，看了一眼奶酪上的霉就立刻想到了青霉素的發(fā)明。他是對(duì)抗菌物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)九年的實(shí)驗(yàn)才有了這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的。發(fā)明及創(chuàng)新幾乎都來(lái)自于反復(fù)嘗試和失敗。創(chuàng)新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球員也會(huì)痛失進(jìn)球機(jī)會(huì)，其射門被擋住的機(jī)會(huì)大大多于進(jìn)球的機(jī)會(huì)。
問(wèn)題在于得分最多者正是那些射門最多的球員，任何領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新亦如此。創(chuàng)新者與其他人的主要區(qū)別在于處理問(wèn)題的方法。每個(gè)人都有想法，但是創(chuàng)新者會(huì)自覺(jué)地鉆研自己的想法，并且不斷努力直到證明想法切實(shí)可行，或不可實(shí)現(xiàn)為止。普通人視為憑空想像的抽象概念在職業(yè)創(chuàng)新者眼里卻具有充分的可能性。
“造創(chuàng)性的思維方式也許只不過(guò)意味著意識(shí)到以其一貫的方式去做事并不一定有什么道理”，語(yǔ)言專家魯?shù)婪驅(qū)懙?。這解釋了我們對(duì)塑料垃圾袋和帶輪箱包之類看似簡(jiǎn)單卻令生活更便利的發(fā)明的反應(yīng)：“為什么以前沒(méi)有人想到那個(gè)方法呢?”
創(chuàng)造性方法始于“一切不可貌相”的主張。創(chuàng)新者不會(huì)接受辦事只有一種方法的事實(shí)。面對(duì)從A到B，普通人會(huì)自動(dòng)踏上一條最為人熟悉、顯然最簡(jiǎn)單的路徑。創(chuàng)新者則探尋另外不同的道路，它們最終被證實(shí)更為簡(jiǎn)單、更為有趣、更富挑戰(zhàn)性，即使有時(shí)也會(huì)失敗。
極富創(chuàng)造性的人的確是標(biāo)新立異的。
Text 3 重點(diǎn)句
"Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, " wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority
該句意義：
該句說(shuō)明了創(chuàng)造性思維與堅(jiān)持之間的關(guān)系，可以將其直接運(yùn)用于有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)和創(chuàng)新的寫作之中。
該句語(yǔ)法：
(1)直接引語(yǔ)："Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, "
(2)同位語(yǔ)從句：the realization that there’s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done
(3)省略”that“的定語(yǔ)從句：the way they have always been done
(4)同位語(yǔ)：Rudolph Flesch, a language authority
Text 3 習(xí)題答案
答案:ACBB
1.What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?
1. 作者在第一段用untaught mind的大概含義是 ________ 。
[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.
[A] 不了解發(fā)明實(shí)驗(yàn)的艱辛的人
[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.
[B] 限制個(gè)人創(chuàng)造性的社會(huì)公民
[C] A person who has had no education.
[C] 未受過(guò)教育的人
[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.
[D] 一個(gè)經(jīng)常由于偶然原因創(chuàng)造出新想法的人
2.According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?
2.作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新者和非創(chuàng)新者的區(qū)別是_________。
[A] The variety of ideas they have.
[A] 他們擁有的各種各樣的思想
[B] The intelligence they possess.
[B] 他們的智力
[C] The way they deal with problems.
[C] 他們處理問(wèn)題的方法
[D] The way they present their findings.
[D] 他們提出自己發(fā)現(xiàn)的方式
3.The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because__.
3.第三段作者引用Rudolph Flesch的話的原因是____________。
[A] Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity
[A] 他是人類創(chuàng)造性研究領(lǐng)域中最知名的專家
[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing things .
[B] 該引言旨在強(qiáng)調(diào)富有創(chuàng)新精神的人總想另辟蹊徑
[C] the reader is familiar with Rudolph Flesch’ s point of view
[C] 讀者熟悉Flesch的觀點(diǎn)
[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented
[D] 這番話為先前提到的信息添加了新內(nèi)容
4.The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are__.
4.文章最后一行中的march to a different drummer表明極富創(chuàng)造力的個(gè)人__________。
[A] diligent in pursuing their goals
[A] 勤奮追求自己的目標(biāo)
[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things
[B] 不愿意按照普通的方式做事
[C] devoted to the progress of science
[C] 獻(xiàn)身于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步
[D] concerned about the advance of society
[D] 關(guān)心社會(huì)的進(jìn)步
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