生物統(tǒng)計(jì)概述
一、什么是生物統(tǒng)計(jì)(biometrics;biostatistics)
生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)是一門探討如何從不完整的信息中獲取科學(xué)可靠的結(jié)論從而進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的設(shè)計(jì),取樣,分析,資料整理與推論的科學(xué)。簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn) 說,就是用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法研究分析生物/醫(yī)學(xué)上的數(shù)據(jù)。屬于跨學(xué)科專業(yè),跟數(shù)學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)生物信息、計(jì)算機(jī) (尤其是data mining) 等關(guān)系很密切。
二、專業(yè)設(shè)置
很多學(xué)校把這個(gè)專業(yè)設(shè)置在公共健康學(xué)院(SPH,School of Public Health) 里面。有些學(xué)校不單獨(dú)設(shè)置生物統(tǒng)計(jì)系,但是他們統(tǒng)計(jì)或者應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)系的很多老師實(shí)際上是研究生物統(tǒng)計(jì)的。
主修課程:
? Data AnalysisWorkshop
? Statistiics for Laboratory Scientists
? Data Managemaent
? The SAS Statistical Package
? Biostatisticsc in Medical Product Regulation
? Analysis of Biological Sequences
? Survival Analysis
? Design of Clinical Experiment
? Methods in Biostatistics
? Spatial Analysis and GIS
? Advanced Methods in Biostatistics
? Statistical Computing
三、畢業(yè)前景
美國(guó)生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)研究生的畢業(yè)生不管是碩士還是博士,都很好找工作。博士畢業(yè)生可以作 faculty 之外,公司里也有很多職位,尤其是pharmaceutical company( 制藥公司) 或者biotech 公司很需要 biostatistician 。此外,有的畢業(yè)生也進(jìn)入金融和保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)。這幾年很多美國(guó)的大制藥公司很不景氣,所有的大公司都先后進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的裁員,但是這并不影響生物統(tǒng)計(jì)的就業(yè)。 盡管生物統(tǒng)計(jì)并不是公司里的核心部門,但是任何有大量醫(yī)學(xué)/生物數(shù)據(jù)需要處理的公司,都需要一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的 Biostatistician team來 support,所以盡管行業(yè)不景氣,但是除非公司倒閉,否則我從來沒聽說過有任何作生物統(tǒng)計(jì)的被裁掉?,F(xiàn)在生物統(tǒng)計(jì)專業(yè)還是需求大于供給,盡管開始趨于 供需平衡。
就業(yè)方向:
1、 制藥公司或者生物技術(shù)公司很需要
2、 金融和保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)。
3、醫(yī)院或者科研機(jī)構(gòu)工
綜述:
生物學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)和環(huán)境學(xué)中的生物統(tǒng)計(jì)專業(yè)、統(tǒng)計(jì)專業(yè)、公共衛(wèi)生專業(yè)、流行病專業(yè);生物化學(xué)、軟件、統(tǒng)計(jì)咨詢、生物統(tǒng)計(jì)和環(huán)境咨詢 醫(yī)學(xué)診斷學(xué)和治療技術(shù)、醫(yī)藥信息、醫(yī)學(xué)臨床實(shí)驗(yàn) 制藥、生物技術(shù)、食品科學(xué)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)、基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 生命保障、健康保障、健康治療和維護(hù)健康組織 等領(lǐng)域。
四、申請(qǐng)難度
難度系數(shù)是非常大的,甚至大于一些熱門的工科專業(yè),而且很難拿全獎(jiǎng),是因?yàn)樯锝y(tǒng)計(jì)最大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)來自于美國(guó)本土學(xué)生。因其就業(yè)形勢(shì)好,工資待遇高,所以很多美國(guó)學(xué)生也參與到這個(gè)專業(yè)申請(qǐng)大軍之中。
另外一點(diǎn),開設(shè)相關(guān)專業(yè)的學(xué)校也就200來所,無(wú)形中也增加申請(qǐng)的難度。
五、什么樣的人可以申請(qǐng)生物統(tǒng)計(jì)?
1、 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)
2、 應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)
3、 計(jì)算機(jī)信息技術(shù)
4、 生物學(xué)
六、哪些學(xué)校開設(shè)這個(gè)課程?
以下舉例幾個(gè)國(guó)際學(xué)生常申請(qǐng)的學(xué)校
1、南加州大學(xué) Master's Degrees,PhD
入學(xué)要求:GRE無(wú)具體要求;GPA 3.0;IBT100
申請(qǐng)截止時(shí)間:秋季截止期,12月1日
申請(qǐng)費(fèi):$85,52%的錄取率
2、威斯康星大學(xué)-麥迪遜校區(qū) PHD—醫(yī)學(xué)院
入學(xué)要求:無(wú)具體要求 可提供part–time課程
3、丹佛大學(xué)MS,PhD
無(wú)具體要求,需要參加入學(xué)測(cè)試
4、加州-伯克利MS,PhD
入學(xué)要求,GRE General Test,GPA of 3.0,IBT 100
申請(qǐng)截止期:秋季截止12月1日
申請(qǐng)費(fèi):$70 ($90國(guó)際生)
5、紐約州立-阿爾伯尼MS,PhD
入學(xué)要求:GRE General Test; IBT 90; GPA:3.0
申請(qǐng)截止期:春季截止11月30日;秋季截止12月1日
申請(qǐng)費(fèi):$75
學(xué)生平均年齡32歲
6、紐約州立-水牛城MA,PhD
入學(xué)要求:GRE General Test ; IBT 79; GPA:3.0
申請(qǐng)截止期:春季截止11月30日;秋季截止12月1日
申請(qǐng)費(fèi):$50
申請(qǐng)截止期:4月1日
7、俄亥俄州立大學(xué) PHD
入學(xué)要求:GRE General Test; IBT 100; GPA:3.0
申請(qǐng)截止期:春季截止11月1日;秋季截止7月1日
申請(qǐng)費(fèi):$50
8、圣路易斯大學(xué)MPH,MS,MSPH
入學(xué)要求:GRE 無(wú)具體要求,LSAT,GMAT或者M(jìn)CAT ; IBT 90 GPA:3.0
申請(qǐng)截止期:春季截止11月1日;秋季截止5月1日
申請(qǐng)費(fèi): $40
9、猶他大學(xué)MPH,MSPH,PhD
入學(xué)要求:GRE General Test;IBT 90;GPA:3.0
申請(qǐng)截止期:秋季截止2月15日
申請(qǐng)費(fèi):$65
10、伊利諾伊大學(xué)-芝加哥MPH,MS,DrPH,PhD
入學(xué)要求:GRE General Test;IBT 80; GPA:2.75
申請(qǐng)截止期:春季截止11月1日;秋季截止7月1日
申請(qǐng)費(fèi):$50
七、部分學(xué)校介紹
12/29University of Michigan-SPH- Department of Biostatistics
Ann Arbor, Michigan
? Programs Offered: MPH, MS, PhD
? Application Areas :
Bioinformatics ,Brain Imaging ,Cancer ,
Analysis of Sample Surveys,Clinical Trials ,(rolling admission)
Endocrinology ,Epidemiology ,Statistical Analysis
Genetics ,Organ Failure and Transplantation
? Entrance Requirements:GRE ,TOEFL 84ibt
? Applicants for the Doctoral Program would usually have a relevant Master's Degree (i.e. a graduate degree comparable to our M.S. in Biostatistics), although strong candidates with Bachelor’s degree will be considered for Ph.D. admissions.
? Course:calculus, matrix or linear algebra, and an introductory course in statistics or biostatistics.
Students with less preparation in mathematics or statistics may be conditionally admitted.
Student Statistics: Average age 27. 226 applicants, 43% accepted, 31 enrolled
3/41University of Washington-SPH- Department of Biostatistics
Seattle, Washington
? Programs : MPH, MS,PhD
? Research area: Statistical methods for survival data analysis, epidemiological case control and cohort studies, statistical genetics.
? 尤其在Bayesian Biostatistics ,Cancer Research ,Clinical Trials, Longitudinal Data Analysis ,Survival Analysis方面很強(qiáng)
? Entrance Requirements:
? GRE, TOEFL, minimum GPA of 3.0.
advanced calculus,linear algebra, mathematical probability, math/statistics
? 相對(duì)偏好mathematics, statistics, and biology 背景的學(xué)生。生統(tǒng)系的Xiaohua Zhou教授 經(jīng)?;貒?guó)內(nèi)做一些講座
? Student Statistics:187 applicants, 20% accepted, 21 enrolled
Cost of Study:$7,500 per quarter
5/13The Johns Hopkins University-SPH- Department of Biostatistics
Baltimore, Maryland
? Programs Offered: MHS, ScM, PhD
? MHS (Master of Health Sciences):
需要有一年在biostatistical theory and methods上的專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí).
? 研究領(lǐng)域非常廣泛如:
Statistical genetics, bioinformatics, statistical computing, statistical methods,, Epidemiologic statistics, Image analysis, Mental Health, Risk assessment, Survival analysis
尤其在Clinical trials, Environmental statistics, Longitudinal data analysis 方面有大牛的教授
? Application Requirements
GRE TOEFL 課程calculus and matrix algebra
flexible about prior coursework. Medical students are encouraged to consider our joint MD/PhD program.
Student Statistics: 197 applicants, 22% accepted, 22 enrolled
建議申請(qǐng)Master,以后轉(zhuǎn)讀PHD也相對(duì)容易。對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)北大復(fù)旦科大的學(xué)生相對(duì)友好
17/64 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus-SPH Minneapolis, Minnesota
? Programs Offered: MPH, MS, PhD
? Research area: Analysis of spatial and longitudinal data, Bayes/Empirical Bayes methods, survival analysis, longitudinal models, generalized linear models.
? Entrance Requirements:
GRE ,TOEFL 90 iBT
Master:applied statistics, computer programming, multivariable calculus, linear algebra;
Doctorate:bachelor's or master's degree in statistics, biostatistics or mathematics.
Experience with a programming language (eg. Java, C, Python) is helpful, but not required.
Student Statistics: 100 applicants, 49% accepted, 20 enrolled.
Student Population: 47 full-time (28 women), 12 part-time (9 women); includes 2 minority (both Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders), 36 international.
33/4Columbia University-SPH-
? Programs Offered: MPH, MS, DrPH, PhD.
? PHD需要有Master’s degree in biostatistics or statistics
? DrPH需要有MPH degree or its equivalent
? Accelerated Predoctoral Training (MS/APT) Track是為準(zhǔn)備讀博的同學(xué)專門準(zhǔn)備的
? Research: Statistical methods and public health implications of: biomedical experiments, clinical trials, functional data analysis, statistical genetics, and observational studies.
? Entrance Requirements:
GRE ,TOEFL 100 iBT
mathematical, biological, physical or social sciences 專業(yè)的學(xué)生優(yōu)先
課程要求:calculus ,linear algebra
? Student Statistics: 147 applicants, 48% accepted, 18 enrolled
對(duì)科大學(xué)生很友好,07-09連續(xù)三年給了offer
12/111North Carolina State University
? 沒有生統(tǒng)系,但是統(tǒng)計(jì)系里有Biostatistics Working Group
? Research area:Longitudinal Analysis ,Bayesian Inference ,Spatial Statistics ,Survival Analysis ,Statistical Genetics ,Causal Inference and Biomedical Study Design ,Mixed Models
? Almost每年都會(huì)給北大offer
? Entrance Requirements:
GRE ,TOEFL 20/20/20/20
64/120 University at Buffalo, the State University of New York-SPHHP- Department of Biostatistics
Buffalo, New York
? Programs Offered: Offers biostatistics (MA, PhD)
? Research: Biostatistics, longitudinal data analysis, nonparametrics, statistical genetics, epidemiology.
? Entrance Requirements: For master's, GRE, 3 semesters of course work in calculus (mathematics), course work in real analysis (preferred), course work in linear algebra; for doctorate, GRE, master's degree in statistics, biostatistics or equivalent.
Required–TOEFL (minimum score 640 paper-based; 250 computer-based; 79 iBT).
Student Statistics: Average age 31. 99 applicants, 58% accepted, 24 enrolled
Student Population: 32 full-time (19 women), 7 part-time (3 women); includes 8 minority (2 African Americans, 6 Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders), 21 international.