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Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you?re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you?re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感覺(jué)) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions — those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person? s perception (感知) of another? s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies? conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness.Classic studics by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow?s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal.Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm”， or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study?s hypotheses (假設(shè)) , handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of“Person A”based on a particular
description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly，”says Bargh.
[語(yǔ)篇解讀] 最近的心理學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們對(duì)“溫暖”或者“寒冷”的感受可以改變?nèi)藗兊那楦小?BR> 1.According to Paragraph 1, a person? s emotion may be affected by________.
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
[解析] 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段的第三句話可知，溫暖的感覺(jué)激發(fā)溫暖的情感，而冷飲在手則會(huì)阻止你做出不明智的決定，因此可以說(shuō)一個(gè)人的情感可能會(huì)受到冷的感覺(jué)的影響。
[答案] B
2.The author mentions Harlow? s experiment to show that________.
A. adults should develop social skills
B. babies need warm physical contact
C. caregivers should be healthy adults
D. monkeys have social relationships
[解析] 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在試驗(yàn)中，猴子喜歡去靠近布制的“媽媽”而不喜歡“金屬線”做的“媽媽”。這使心理學(xué)家們強(qiáng)調(diào)養(yǎng)育者應(yīng)該讓孩子們多接觸一些令人感覺(jué)溫暖的東西，以幫助孩子們成長(zhǎng)為有正常社交技能的健康的成年人，故B項(xiàng)正確。
[答案] B
3.In Bargh? s experiment, the students were asked to________.
A. evaluate someone? s personality
B. write down their hypotheses
C. fill out a personal information form
D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
[解析] 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中倒數(shù)第二段中的“After that，the students were asked to rate the personality of?Person A?based on a particular description.”可知選A。在試驗(yàn)中，學(xué)生被要求評(píng)價(jià)某人的性格。
[答案] A
4.We can infer from the passage that________.
A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C. physical temperature affects how we see others
D. capable persons are often cold to others
[解析] 推理判斷題。全文都在論述人們對(duì)“溫暖”或“寒冷”的感覺(jué)可以影響人們對(duì)事物的評(píng)價(jià)。因此，物理溫度會(huì)影響我們看待他人的方式。因此選C。
[答案] C
5.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships
B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation
C. Developing Better Drinking Habits
D. Physical Sensations and Emotions
[解析] 主旨大意題。本文主要介紹的是人們對(duì)物理溫度的感覺(jué)對(duì)人們情緒的影響，D項(xiàng)概括性比較強(qiáng)。
[答案]D
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