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強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：虛擬語氣
1.Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.
A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be
2. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been
3. If he me tomorrow, I would let him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able
C. were not able D. are not able
4. If you asked your father you permission.
A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get
5. today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If heleaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand,______all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost
8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ourchairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
9. If you Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think thephotograph on the right was strange.
A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted
10.he English examination I would have gone to the concert lastSunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ourchairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. hadn’t contacted
13. If the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won
14. There is a real possibility that these animals could befrightened, _______a sudden loud noise.
A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been
15. The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.
A. had to be printed B. should have been printed
C. must be printed D. should be printed
②在先行詞與定語從句之間插入一個定語。
如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to yourhouse and borrowed a diamond necklace?你還記得嗎，十年前的一天下午，我來到你家，找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈?
when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace實(shí)際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾years。ten yearsago 實(shí)際上是定語后置修飾afternoon。
③先行詞與定語從句被謂語分隔開來。此時，先行詞通常是句子的主語，因定語從句較長，主句謂語較短，為使句子平衡，常將定語從句移至謂語之后如：
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
明天，新(男)老師將來較你德語。
強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
16. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry ishis
insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame ofreference.
A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed
C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed
17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been atall possible, but I ______
fully occupied the whole of last week.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. was
18. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.
A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might haveoffended
19. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d there bynow.
A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems asif the sun ________round the earth.
A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling
21. I wish that I ______ with you last night.
A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone
22. I wish I with her.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were
23. I wish that I the concert last night.
A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended
24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
25. “I wish you me to put these things away,” he said.
A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help
26. If the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from thepresidency.
A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. becircling
27. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. thathe call me
28. George would certainly have attended the proceedings .
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
29. The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written anycompositions for his
30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.
A. had been B. has been C. were D. was
32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant.
A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift
34. He described the town as if he it himself.
A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees
35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evildream.
A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke
36. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collectingclaims until
they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who theirnatural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience ofmeeting.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
38. It is important that the TOEFL office your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
39. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advancedtechnology .
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
40. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chanceto read it .
A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have
41. It is time that the government measures to protect the rarebirds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
42. Some people are too particular about school records, insistingthat every applicant ______all diplomas from elementary school to university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t besurprised if he acting for a living one day.
A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up
45. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
46. I hadn’t expected Henry to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him t call me up B. him calling me up
C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me
47. I had hoped that John ______a year in Africa, but he stayedthere only for three months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
48. I had hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but she wasn’t goodenough at science.
A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes
49. I’d rather you anything about it for the time being.
A. do
B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her.
A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking
C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak
51. It’s high time they this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend
52. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we the class.
A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start
54. the English examination I would have gone to the concert lastSunday.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
55. Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. ought to have received
C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received
56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see hisclassmates off.
A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming
57. He’s working hard for fear that he .
A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. wouldfall behind
58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might for acentury.
A. have been postponed B. has been postponed
C. postpone D. be postponed
59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives______ inthe home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more matureone, it requires that the child
psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother, in New York for a few days more.
A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay C. asks he stays D. asks hestay
62. Your advice that______ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
63. The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.
A. had to be printed B. should have been printed
C. must be printed D. should be printed
64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.
A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing
65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of theresults of the Apollo mission.
A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to
答案與詳解
1.A.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。
2.B.條件句表示與過去事實(shí)的虛擬。
3.A.條件句表示與未來事實(shí)的虛擬。
4.B.條件句表示與未來事實(shí)的相反。
5.C.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。
6.D.條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬。
7.B.這個句子中含有一個省略if，把助動詞提前到主語they之前的虛擬條件句，該條件句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也應(yīng)該是對過去發(fā)生的情況的假設(shè)，因而應(yīng)該選(B)would have lost為正確答案。
8.(D)這道題目是一個混合虛擬語氣的句子。條件句省略了if，把助詞had提前到主語前面，表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句中now表明了對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)選would(should, could, might)+動詞原形這種表達(dá)形式。四個選項(xiàng)中只有(D)是正確表達(dá)形式，故為正確答案。
9.(D)until recently，因此(D)是正確答案，而主句是隱含的對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，該句是一個混合虛擬條件句。
10.(B)假設(shè)的情況有時不是用一個條件句表示，而是隱含在一個由介詞如but for、的but that、的without, 由連詞but、的副詞otherwise 、的比較級、的形容詞、的獨(dú)立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上由于英語考試而沒有去成，即若不是因?yàn)橛⒄Z考試，我本可以去聽音樂會，所以應(yīng)選But for為正確答案。
11.(C)題目中的第一句話表示的是現(xiàn)在真實(shí)的情況，而第二句話中所要表達(dá)的是應(yīng)該做但事實(shí)上沒有做的事，這種情況導(dǎo)致第一句話中真實(shí)情況的發(fā)生，故If only條件句假設(shè)的是過去一種情況，因此應(yīng)該用had +過去分詞，所以正確答案是(C)。
12.D.注意主句now表示現(xiàn)在的時間狀語，所以主句是對現(xiàn)在虛擬，從句是對過去虛擬。
13.A.從句對過去的虛擬。
14.B.從句表示虛擬，而主句是事實(shí)。
15.(D)it是形式賓語，urgent是賓語補(bǔ)足語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的賓語從句，該從句的內(nèi)容被認(rèn)為是urgent(急迫的)，這樣從句的謂語動詞要求用虛擬語氣形式，即should(可以省略)+動詞原形。因此，本題正確答案是(D)。
16.(C)在表示要求、的愿望、的建議、的請求、的命令等含義的名詞同位語從句中，從句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣形式，即should(可以省略)+動詞原形。
17.(D)本道題目的前半句話是對過去情況的一種假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上并沒有發(fā)生，而事實(shí)上沒有發(fā)生的真實(shí)原因是句子的后半部分由but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折句所表述的真實(shí)。因而but所引導(dǎo)的句子中應(yīng)該用表示志過去事實(shí)相符合的表陳述的時態(tài)，即一般過去時。
18.(B)此題要求在if從句中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭釉~形式，以主句中的動詞apologize(抱歉)來看，if從句中表達(dá)的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是過去做的事，因此可以排除(A)，因?yàn)?A)是現(xiàn)在時。(C)中should+have+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示本來應(yīng)該做卻沒有做的事，在此不合題意。(D)選項(xiàng)中的might+have+過去分詞表示對過去發(fā)生的事情很不肯定的猜測，它表達(dá)的內(nèi)容還不能成為事實(shí)，所以藉此道歉真是不知從何說起，因此此處也不合題意。(B)had offended表示當(dāng)時已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動作。這是復(fù)雜條件句：apologize 是現(xiàn)在，而條件句是表示對過去假設(shè)的條件句。
19.(A)該句也是一個復(fù)雜條件句(或稱作混合虛擬條件句)。條件句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，但事實(shí)上卻與此相反，所以正確答案應(yīng)該是(A)。
20.(A)as if引導(dǎo)的從句要求用虛擬語氣，表示同時或?qū)淼那闆r，動詞要用過去式(be動詞用were)或would(could等)+動詞原形，本句話中指的是當(dāng)時的情況，所以要用過去式，故(A)是正確答案。
21.D.
22.D.
23.C.
24.A.
25.D.
26.(B)had not occurred表示對過去的虛擬，條件句中要用過去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+動詞原形的過去分詞。
27.(B)had hoped是常見的要求其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣的句型,虛擬語氣would+動詞原形。
28.(C)表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，主句動詞形式為would(should, could, might)+have+過去分詞，條件句為過去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主語前面。(B)，(D)的表達(dá)不符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，所以(C)是正確答案。
29.(A)suggest后面的從句要用虛擬語氣形式，其形式為should(可以省略)+動詞原形。
30.A.表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬。
31.A.as though引導(dǎo)的與過去相反的虛擬。
32.D.felt是過去式，所以該句是由as though引導(dǎo)的與過去相反的虛擬。
33.D.as if引導(dǎo)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬。
34.A.as if引導(dǎo)的與過去相反的虛擬。
35.C.
36.(D)would rather后接從句要求用虛擬語氣，形式為過去式，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O(shè)，或?yàn)檫^去完成式表示對過去的情況的假設(shè)。
37.(C)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作業(yè)已發(fā)生，所以主句中表示的虛擬是針對已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的行為，所以應(yīng)該用過去完成式表示對過去的虛擬。
38.(B)
39.(C)這是一人含蓄虛擬條件句，通過介詞短語without,表示潛在的一種假設(shè)，而主句中的情況也早已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以是對過去情況的一種假設(shè)，因此用would not have been achieved這一形式。
40.(D)連so that引導(dǎo)的從句中要求用虛擬語氣，表示一種假設(shè)，形式為might+動詞原形。
41.(B)It is time that是一種要求從句用虛擬語氣的常見句型。虛擬語氣形式為動詞的過去式。
42.(C)
43.(C)otherwise用來表示一種含蓄的虛擬假設(shè)，因?yàn)槭菍^去(yesterday)的情況的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)該用would have come形式。
44.(B)所給的四個選項(xiàng)中沒有一個表示對未來的情況的虛擬的形式should+動詞原形，或是were to do，因此可以斷定if引導(dǎo)的條件句在這里最真實(shí)的條件句，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時，故(B)是正確答案。
45.(A)這是一個混合虛擬語氣的句子，if條件句表示的是對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句是對現(xiàn)在(now)的情況的假設(shè)，故用would tell形式。
46.C.
47.C.
48.C.
49.B.would rather引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣其謂語用過去式。
50.D.would as soon引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞也用過去式.
51.B.
52.B.
53.B.
54.B.
55.C.注意單詞otherwise引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣。
56.C.同上。
57.A.注意詞組for fear that
58.A.注意without
59.C.
60.C.
61.D.
62.B.
63.D.
64.A.
65.D.
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