北京時間23日上午，也就是美國當(dāng)?shù)貢r間22日晚，習(xí)近平主席在西雅圖發(fā)表了此次訪問美國的相關(guān)演講，本文(習(xí)近平在西雅圖歡迎晚會上的講話稿)刊載全文(中英文)，并有著名學(xué)者的解讀文稿，文章由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)整理發(fā)表，歡迎閱讀。
【習(xí)近平在西雅圖歡迎晚宴上的講話稿】
尊敬的基辛格博士，
尊敬的英斯利州長、普利茲克部長、穆雷市長，
尊敬的希爾斯主席、菲爾茲主席，
女士們，先生們，朋友們：
大家好!謝謝基辛格博士的介紹?；粮癫┦靠偰苷f出一些新穎的觀點，他的介紹讓我對自己也有了一個新的認(rèn)識角度。華盛頓州、西雅圖市是我對美國進(jìn)行國事訪問的第一站，有機會在這里同各位新老朋友歡聚一堂，感到十分高興。首先，我謹(jǐn)向在座各位，并通過你們向美國人民，致以誠摯的問候和良好的祝愿!
我對華盛頓州和西雅圖市并不陌生。人們常說，華盛頓州是“常青之州”，西雅圖市是“翡翠之城”。這里有雄偉挺拔的雷尼爾山、波光瀲滟的華盛頓湖。電影《西雅圖不眠夜》使這座城市在中國民眾中有很大吸引力。目前，華盛頓州對華出口居全美之首，中國也成為西雅圖港最大貿(mào)易伙伴。華盛頓州和西雅圖市成為中美人民友誼、中美互利合作的一個重要象征。
眾人拾柴火焰高。中美關(guān)系發(fā)展，離不開兩國政府、地方、友好團(tuán)體、各界人士的辛勤耕耘和精心呵護(hù)。特別是美中關(guān)系全國委員會、美中貿(mào)易全國委員會、美中政策基金會、美國商會、美國中國總商會、百人會、華美協(xié)進(jìn)社、對外關(guān)系委員會、亞洲協(xié)會、布魯金斯學(xué)會等友好團(tuán)體和一大批友好人士，長期為促進(jìn)兩國友好合作奔走努力。中美關(guān)系持續(xù)發(fā)展，凝聚著大家的心血和汗水。在這里，我謹(jǐn)向所有致力于中美友好事業(yè)的地方政府、社會團(tuán)體、大學(xué)和智庫機構(gòu)及各界人士，表示由衷的敬意和誠摯的感謝!
女士們、先生們、朋友們!
新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來，中國走過了一段很不平凡的歷程，我們這一代中國人對此有著切身的體會。
上世紀(jì)60年代末，我才十幾歲，就從北京到中國陜西省延安市一個叫梁家河的小村莊插隊當(dāng)農(nóng)民，在那兒度過了7年時光。那時候，我和鄉(xiāng)親們都住在土窯里、睡在土炕上，鄉(xiāng)親們生活十分貧困，經(jīng)常是幾個月吃不到一塊肉。我了解鄉(xiāng)親們最需要什么!后來，我當(dāng)了這個村子的黨支部書記，帶領(lǐng)鄉(xiāng)親們發(fā)展生產(chǎn)。我了解老百姓需要什么。我很期盼的一件事，就是讓鄉(xiāng)親們飽餐一頓肉，并且經(jīng)常吃上肉。但是，這個心愿在當(dāng)時是很難實現(xiàn)的。
今年春節(jié)，我回到這個小村子。梁家河修起了柏油路，鄉(xiāng)親們住上了磚瓦房，用上了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，老人們享有基本養(yǎng)老，村民們有醫(yī)療保險，孩子們可以接受良好教育，當(dāng)然吃肉已經(jīng)不成問題。這使我更加深刻地認(rèn)識到，中國夢是人民的夢，必須同中國人民對美好生活的向往結(jié)合起來才能取得成功。
梁家河這個小村莊的變化，是改革開放以來中國社會發(fā)展進(jìn)步的一個縮影。我們用了30多年時間，使中國經(jīng)濟(jì)總量躍居世界第二，13億多人擺脫了物質(zhì)短缺，總體達(dá)到小康水平，享有前所未有的尊嚴(yán)和權(quán)利。這不僅是中國人民生活的巨大變化，也是人類文明巨大進(jìn)步，更是中國對世界和平與發(fā)展事業(yè)的重要貢獻(xiàn)。
同時，我們也清醒認(rèn)識到，中國仍然是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家。中國的人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值僅相當(dāng)于全球平均水平的三分之二、美國的七分之一，排在世界80位左右。按照我們自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中國還有7000多萬貧困人口。如果按照世界銀行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中國則還有兩億多人生活在貧困線以下。中國城鄉(xiāng)有7000多萬低保人口，還有8500多萬殘疾人。這兩年，我去了中國很多貧困地區(qū)，看望了很多貧困家庭，他們渴望幸福生活的眼神深深印在我的腦海里。
這些情況表明，中國人民要過上美好生活，還要繼續(xù)付出艱苦努力。發(fā)展依然是當(dāng)代中國的第一要務(wù)，中國執(zhí)政者的首要使命就是集中力量提高人民生活水平，逐步實現(xiàn)共同富裕。為此，我們提出了“兩個一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)，就是到2020年實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比2010年翻一番，全面建成小康社會;到本世紀(jì)中葉建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家，實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興。我們現(xiàn)在所做的一切，都是為了實現(xiàn)這個既定目標(biāo)。實現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會，必須全面深化改革、全面依法治國、全面從嚴(yán)治黨。這是我們提出的“四個全面”戰(zhàn)略布局。
大家都關(guān)心中國的發(fā)展走向，關(guān)心中國的政策取向，這里，我就其中一些主要的問題講幾點意見。
中國經(jīng)濟(jì)將保持平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。中國經(jīng)濟(jì)運行仍然保持在合理區(qū)間，今年上半年，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長7%，增速仍然居世界前列。在世界總體經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢復(fù)雜多變的環(huán)境下，這是來之不易的。當(dāng)前，各國經(jīng)濟(jì)都面臨著困難，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)也面臨著一定下行壓力，但這是前進(jìn)中的問題。我們將統(tǒng)籌穩(wěn)增長、促改革、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、惠民生、防風(fēng)險，加強和創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長保持中高速水平?，F(xiàn)在，中國新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化持續(xù)推進(jìn)，居民儲蓄率高，消費潛力巨大，人民工作勤奮，中等收入者比重在提高，服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展空間很大，市場空間和潛力都很大。今后，中國將更重視提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)，更加注重創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動，更加注重消費拉動，更加注重解決經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中存在的不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)問題，使中國經(jīng)濟(jì)鳳凰涅槃、浴火重生，保持強勁發(fā)展動力。
前段時間，中國股市出現(xiàn)了異常波動，引起了大家關(guān)注。股市漲跌有其自身的運行規(guī)律。政府的職責(zé)是維護(hù)公開、公平、公正的市場秩序，防止發(fā)生大面積恐慌。這次，中國政府采取了一些穩(wěn)定市場的措施，遏制了股市的恐慌情緒，避免了一次系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險。各國成熟市場也采取過類似做法。中國股市已經(jīng)進(jìn)入自我修復(fù)和自我調(diào)節(jié)階段。8月11日，中國完善了人民幣匯率中間價報價機制，加大了市場決定匯率的力度。目前，人民幣匯率偏差矯正已初見成效。從國際國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)金融形勢看，人民幣匯率不存在持續(xù)貶值的基礎(chǔ)。我們將堅持市場供求決定匯率的改革方向，允許人民幣雙向浮動，我們反對搞貨幣競爭性貶值，反對打貨幣戰(zhàn)，也不會壓低人民幣匯率刺激出口。發(fā)展資本市場、完善人民幣匯率市場定價機制是中國的改革方向，不會因為這次股市、匯市波動而改變。
中國發(fā)展的根本出路在于改革。我們改革的目標(biāo)，就是推進(jìn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，使市場在資源配置中起決定性作用，更好發(fā)揮政府作用，加快發(fā)展社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)、民主政治、先進(jìn)文化、和諧社會、生態(tài)文明。2013年，中共十八屆三中全會確定了全面深化改革的頂層設(shè)計，提出330多項改革措施。2014年，我們確定的80個重點改革任務(wù)基本完成。今年上半年，我們已經(jīng)出臺70多項重點改革方案，其作用將逐步顯現(xiàn)。改革關(guān)頭勇者勝，我們將以敢于啃硬骨頭、敢于涉險灘的決心，義無反顧推進(jìn)改革。我們堅定不移堅持市場經(jīng)濟(jì)改革方向，將繼續(xù)在市場、財稅、金融、投融資、價格、對外開放、民生等領(lǐng)域集中推出一些力度大、措施實的改革方案。
中國開放的大門永遠(yuǎn)不會關(guān)上。對外開放是中國的基本國策，中國利用外資的政策不會變，對外商投資企業(yè)合法權(quán)益的保障不會變，為各國企業(yè)在華投資興業(yè)提供更好服務(wù)的方向不會變。中國尊重非歧視性規(guī)則的國際營商慣例，遵守國民待遇等世貿(mào)組織原則，公平公正對待包括外商投資企業(yè)在內(nèi)的所有市場主體，歡迎跨國公司同中國企業(yè)開展各種形式合作。我們將及時解決外國投資者合理關(guān)切，保護(hù)他們的合法權(quán)益，努力營造公開透明的法律政策環(huán)境、高效的行政環(huán)境、平等競爭的市場環(huán)境，尤其是保護(hù)好知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，為我們同包括美國在內(nèi)的世界各國開展合作開辟更加廣闊的空間。
中國堅持依法治國的基本方略。“法者，治之端也。”全面依法治國就是要堅持依法治國、依法執(zhí)政、依法行政共同推進(jìn)，堅持法治國家、法治政府、法治社會一體建設(shè)，推動司法公信力不斷提高、人權(quán)得到切實尊重和保障。中國在立法、執(zhí)法、司法等領(lǐng)域?qū)⒐綄Υ鈬鴻C構(gòu)和企業(yè)。我們愿同美方就法治問題開展交流，相互借鑒，共同提高。
中國是網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的堅定維護(hù)者。中國也是黑客攻擊的受害國。中國政府不會以任何形式參與、鼓勵或支持任何人從事竊取商業(yè)秘密行為。不論是網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)竊密，還是對政府網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)起黑客攻擊，都是違法犯罪行為，都應(yīng)該根據(jù)法律和相關(guān)國際公約予以打擊。國際社會應(yīng)該本著相互尊重和相互信任的原則，共同構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間。中國愿同美國建立兩國共同打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪高級別聯(lián)合對話機制。
中國肯定境外非營利組織的積極作用，只要這些組織的活動對中國人民有好處，我們不僅不會限制和禁止它們的活動，而且要通過法律保障它們的活動，保障它們在華合法權(quán)益。境外非營利組織在中國活動應(yīng)該遵守中國法律，依法開展活動。
中國繼續(xù)推進(jìn)反腐敗斗爭。我說過，打鐵還需自身硬。這里說的打鐵的人，就是中國共產(chǎn)黨。中國共產(chǎn)黨的根本宗旨是全心全意為人民服務(wù)。中國共產(chǎn)黨有8700多萬名黨員，黨內(nèi)也必然存在這樣那樣的問題。如果我們不能解決存在的問題，任其發(fā)展下去，人民就不會信任和支持我們。所以，我們強調(diào)治國必先治黨、治黨務(wù)必從嚴(yán)。一段時間以來，我們大力查處腐敗案件，堅持“老虎”、“蒼蠅”一起打，就是要順應(yīng)人民要求。這其中沒有什么權(quán)力斗爭，沒有什么“紙牌屋”。中國愿同國際社會積極開展反腐追逃合作。中國人民希望在這方面得到美國支持和配合，讓腐敗分子在海外永無“避罪天堂”。
中國堅持走和平發(fā)展道路。我們剛剛紀(jì)念了中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利70周年，歷史給我們一個重要啟迪就是，和平發(fā)展是人間正道，一切通過武力侵略謀取強權(quán)和霸權(quán)的企圖都是逆歷史潮流的，都是要失敗的。中國人2000多年前就認(rèn)識到了“國雖大，好戰(zhàn)必亡”的真理。中國歷來奉行防御性國防政策和積極防御的軍事戰(zhàn)略。我愿在此重申，無論發(fā)展到哪一步，中國永遠(yuǎn)不稱霸、永遠(yuǎn)不搞擴(kuò)張。為表明中國堅持和平發(fā)展的決心，我不久前宣布中國將裁軍30萬。我們愿同各國一道，構(gòu)建以合作共贏為核心的新型國際關(guān)系，以合作取代對抗，以共贏取代獨占，樹立建設(shè)伙伴關(guān)系新思路，開創(chuàng)共同發(fā)展新前景，營造共享安全新局面。
中國是現(xiàn)行國際體系的參與者、建設(shè)者、貢獻(xiàn)者。我們堅決維護(hù)以聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則為核心的國際秩序和國際體系。世界上很多國家特別是廣大發(fā)展中國家都希望國際體系朝著更加公正合理方向發(fā)展，但這并不是推倒重來，也不是另起爐灶，而是與時俱進(jìn)、改革完善。這符合世界各國和全人類共同利益。
中國發(fā)展得益于國際社會，中國也要為全球發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。我們推動共建“一帶一路”、設(shè)立絲路基金、倡議成立亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行等，目的是支持各國共同發(fā)展，而不是要謀求政治勢力范圍。“一帶一路”是開放包容的，我們歡迎包括美國在內(nèi)的世界各國和國際組織參與到合作中來。我們積極推動亞太區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程，推動實現(xiàn)亞太自由貿(mào)易區(qū)目標(biāo)，是要推動形成自由開放、方便快捷、充滿活力的亞太發(fā)展空間。我們倡導(dǎo)共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的安全觀，是要同地區(qū)各國以及國際社會一道，維護(hù)好亞太和平和安全。
女士們、先生們、朋友們!
2013年，我同奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在安納伯格莊園會晤，達(dá)成共同努力構(gòu)建中美新型大國關(guān)系的重要共識。這是雙方在總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ)上，從兩國國情和世界大勢出發(fā)，共同作出的重大戰(zhàn)略抉擇。
兩年多來，雙方按照達(dá)成的共識，不斷推進(jìn)各領(lǐng)域協(xié)調(diào)和合作，取得重要進(jìn)展。我們攜手應(yīng)對國際金融危機影響，為推動世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇作出共同努力。我們深化各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實交流合作，給兩國人民帶來實實在在的利益。去年，兩國雙邊貿(mào)易額、雙向投資存量、人員往來總數(shù)都創(chuàng)歷史新高。我們圍繞伊朗核、朝核、南蘇丹、阿富汗、中東等國際和地區(qū)熱點問題，以及抗擊埃博拉病毒、打擊恐怖主義等全球性問題保持密切溝通和協(xié)調(diào)。“桃李不言，下自成蹊。”這些成果豐碩的“跨越太平洋的合作”，有力展現(xiàn)了中美關(guān)系發(fā)展的蓬勃生機和巨大潛力。
如何在新起點上推進(jìn)中美新型大國關(guān)系?中美應(yīng)該怎樣攜手合作來促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展?答案就是要堅持構(gòu)建中美新型大國關(guān)系的正確方向，一步一個腳印向前走。中國古人說：“度之往事，驗之來事，參之平素，可則決之。”這其中，有幾件事尤其要做好。
第一，正確判斷彼此戰(zhàn)略意圖。同美方一道構(gòu)建新型大國關(guān)系，實現(xiàn)雙方不沖突不對抗、相互尊重、合作共贏，是中國外交政策優(yōu)先方向。我們愿同美方加深對彼此戰(zhàn)略走向、發(fā)展道路的了解，多一些理解、少一些隔閡，多一些信任、少一些猜忌，防止戰(zhàn)略誤解誤判。我們要堅持以事實為依據(jù)，防止三人成虎，也不疑鄰盜斧，不能戴著有色眼鏡觀察對方。世界上本無“修昔底德陷阱”，但大國之間一再發(fā)生戰(zhàn)略誤判，就可能自己給自己造成“修昔底德陷阱”。
第二，堅定不移推進(jìn)合作共贏。合作是實現(xiàn)利益唯一正確選擇。要合作就要照顧彼此利益和關(guān)切，尋求合作最大公約數(shù)。中美兩國合作好了，可以成為世界穩(wěn)定的壓艙石、世界和平的助推器。中美沖突和對抗，對兩國和世界肯定是災(zāi)難。中美應(yīng)該和能夠合作的領(lǐng)域十分廣闊。我們應(yīng)該推動完善全球治理機制，共同促進(jìn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定增長，共同維護(hù)全球金融市場穩(wěn)定。我們應(yīng)該早日談成一個雙向平衡、高水平的雙邊投資協(xié)定，深化中美新型軍事關(guān)系建設(shè)，拓展在清潔能源、環(huán)保等領(lǐng)域務(wù)實合作，加強在執(zhí)法和反腐敗、衛(wèi)生、地方等領(lǐng)域交流合作，挖掘在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)方面的合作潛力。我們應(yīng)該深化在聯(lián)合國、亞太經(jīng)合組織、二十國集團(tuán)等多邊機制以及重大國際和地區(qū)問題、全球性挑戰(zhàn)上的溝通和合作，為維護(hù)和促進(jìn)世界和平、穩(wěn)定、繁榮作出更大貢獻(xiàn)。
第三，妥善有效管控分歧。“日月不同光，晝夜各有宜。”正是因為有了差別，世界才多姿多彩;也正是因為有了分歧，才需要聚同化異。矛盾是普遍存在的，純而又純的世界是不存在的。中美兩國在一些問題上存在不同看法、存在分歧在所難免，關(guān)鍵是如何管控。最關(guān)鍵的是雙方應(yīng)該相互尊重、求同存異，采取建設(shè)性方式增進(jìn)理解、擴(kuò)大共識，努力把矛盾點轉(zhuǎn)化為合作點。
第四，廣泛培植人民友誼。國家關(guān)系歸根結(jié)底是人民之間的關(guān)系。中美兩國雖然相距遙遠(yuǎn)，但兩國人民友好交往源遠(yuǎn)流長。230多年前，美國商船“中國皇后號”跨洋過海首航中國。150年前，數(shù)以萬計的中國工人同美國人民一起，鋪設(shè)了橫貫東西的美國太平洋鐵路。70年前，中美作為第二次世界大戰(zhàn)盟國并肩奮戰(zhàn)，共同捍衛(wèi)了世界和平和正義。在那場戰(zhàn)爭中，數(shù)以千計的美國將士為中國人民的正義事業(yè)獻(xiàn)出了寶貴生命。我們不會忘記美國人民為中國人民抗擊侵略、贏得自由和獨立給予的道義支持和寶貴援助。
中國人民一向欽佩美國人民的進(jìn)取精神和創(chuàng)造精神。我青年時代就讀過《聯(lián)邦黨人文集》、托馬斯·潘恩的《常識》等著作，也喜歡了解華盛頓、林肯、羅斯福等美國政治家的生平和思想，我還讀過梭羅、惠特曼、馬克·吐溫、杰克·倫敦等人的作品。海明威《老人與?！穼耧L(fēng)和暴雨、巨浪和小船、老人和鯊魚的描寫給我留下了深刻印象。我第一次去古巴，專程去了海明威當(dāng)年寫《老人與海》的棧橋邊。第二次去古巴，我去了海明威經(jīng)常去的酒吧，點了海明威愛喝的朗姆酒配薄荷葉加冰塊。我想體驗一下當(dāng)年海明威寫下那些故事時的精神世界和實地氛圍。我認(rèn)為，對不同的文化和文明，我們需要去深入了解。
在漢字中，“人”字就是一個相互支撐的形狀。中美友好，根基在民眾，希望在青年。我愿在此宣布，中方支持未來3年中美兩國互派5萬名留學(xué)生到對方國家學(xué)習(xí)，中美將在2016年舉辦“中美旅游年”。中國將為兩國人民友好交往創(chuàng)造更多便利條件。
女士們、先生們、朋友們!
基辛格博士在其著作《世界秩序》中說：“評判每一代人時，要看他們是否正視了人類社會最宏大和最重要的問題。”馬丁·路德·金先生也說過：“做對的事，任何時機都是好時機。”今天，我們再次來到關(guān)鍵的歷史當(dāng)口。讓我們攜起手來，共同開創(chuàng)中美關(guān)系更加美好的未來，為中美兩國人民幸福、為世界各國人民幸福作出更大貢獻(xiàn)!
謝謝大家。
【“習(xí)近平西雅圖晚宴講話”學(xué)者的十點解讀】
1、“中美兩國要不沖突不對抗”
中美關(guān)系是世界上最重要的雙邊關(guān)系，其發(fā)展的好壞不僅影響中美發(fā)展，也會直接影響全球形勢的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展。當(dāng)前，有一些美國學(xué)者過度渲染中國威脅論，認(rèn)為中美關(guān)系到了“臨界點”、轉(zhuǎn)折點，鼓吹對中國進(jìn)行遏制，追根究底還是因為這些人抱著霸權(quán)主義思想不放。其實兩國在氣候變化、軍事交往、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、雙邊投資等方面有很大合作空間，雙方應(yīng)該消除誤解、加強合作，認(rèn)識到發(fā)展中美關(guān)系符合各自的根本利益，才能真正實現(xiàn)構(gòu)建新型大國關(guān)系的目標(biāo)，實現(xiàn)合作共贏。
2、中美攜手共創(chuàng)亞太發(fā)展新局面
中美同屬亞太地區(qū)大國，雖然兩國在某些問題上存在分歧，但合作與發(fā)展是主流。亞太是兩國利益交織最密集、互動最頻繁的地區(qū)，只有不斷增進(jìn)兩國互信，才能維護(hù)亞太地區(qū)的和平、穩(wěn)定與繁榮。亞太應(yīng)成為中美加強協(xié)調(diào)和配合的合作社，而不應(yīng)該成為中美互相角力的角斗場。美方在不同場合都曾表態(tài)無意遏制中國，而中國也無意挑戰(zhàn)美國的地位。察其言觀其行，雙方要把合作落到實處，互相尊重和顧及彼此的核心利益和重大關(guān)切。中美兩國和則兩利，斗則俱傷，只有不沖突，不對抗，才能實現(xiàn)共贏。
3、中國經(jīng)濟(jì)將鳳凰涅槃
最近國際上出現(xiàn)了擔(dān)心中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的聲音，尤其是在最近股市大跌和匯率調(diào)整之后。一些不了解真實情況的媒體，甚至認(rèn)為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)將崩潰，并拖累世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。習(xí)主席的這次演講可以說有力駁斥了這種論調(diào)。中國上半年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率是7%，大大高于世界上主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體的增速。更重要的是，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步改善，服務(wù)業(yè)產(chǎn)值占比接近50%，高鐵、通信、醫(yī)療器械等高科技行業(yè)出口增速加快，電子商務(wù)等新興業(yè)態(tài)也高速發(fā)展。中國城鎮(zhèn)化還有進(jìn)一步發(fā)展空間，這都為中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展提供了基礎(chǔ)。
4、“人民幣不存在長期貶值的基礎(chǔ)”
這是習(xí)近平主席首次就人民幣匯率表態(tài)。8月11日中國匯改以來，人民幣價格中間價與市場價的偏離基本得到矯正，人民幣匯率市場形成機制基本完成。人民幣匯率不存在持續(xù)貶值的基礎(chǔ)。通過“貨幣戰(zhàn)”，惡意壓低匯率刺激出口對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)長期發(fā)展有百害而無一利，未來人民幣匯率將由市場供給決定，由中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)基本面決定。固定、單邊升值的人民幣匯率時代將一去不復(fù)返，中國和國際社會都應(yīng)適應(yīng)一個逐步成為常態(tài)的雙向浮動匯率機制。
5、“股市漲跌有其自身運行規(guī)律”
股市只能漲，不能跌?政府不應(yīng)干預(yù)市場?市場成熟國家不是這樣，中國也不應(yīng)這樣。政府的職責(zé)是維護(hù)公開、公正、公平的市場秩序，并防止系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險。前段時間中國政府果斷采取行動，有效遏制了股市恐慌情緒向更大范圍的蔓延，不僅對中國股市，對全球金融市場的穩(wěn)定也起到了重要支撐作用。目前中國股市已進(jìn)入自我恢復(fù)和自我調(diào)節(jié)階段，未來市場的發(fā)展一定更加理性和可持續(xù)。
6、對外開放將有更廣闊空間
隨著金融和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機的蔓延和加劇，全球貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義之風(fēng)愈演愈烈。中國不僅繼續(xù)堅持對外開放基本國策不動搖，而且將在對外開放領(lǐng)域推出一些力度大、措施實的改革方案。努力營造公開透明的法律政策環(huán)境，高效的行政環(huán)境，平等競爭的市場環(huán)境。隨著國內(nèi)統(tǒng)一的負(fù)面清單制度建設(shè)，將實現(xiàn)“法無禁止即可為”，包括外國投資企業(yè)在內(nèi)的所有市場主體必將獲得更廣闊的空間。
7、中美法治應(yīng)相互借鑒、共同提高
在全球化背景下，世界經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展取得長足穩(wěn)定發(fā)展，這離不開法律制度的引導(dǎo)、規(guī)制和保障。各國法律各具特色，與其基本國情緊密相連，歷史文化、信仰立場和社會背景的不同，必然使得各國法律制度存在差異性。同時，各國法律制度都是歷經(jīng)長久發(fā)展而成，有非常多的有益經(jīng)驗可供借鑒。
因此，法律制度的差異性和可借鑒性成為世界各國法律交流互鑒的基礎(chǔ)。中國是大陸法系國家，美國是普通法系國家，雙方在一系列核心法律問題的探討和交流，能夠增強對彼此法律制度的理解，吸收和借鑒雙方法律制度的經(jīng)驗，從而提高雙方的立法水平，為中美新型大國關(guān)系發(fā)展提供助力。
8、中美將建立打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪高級別對話機制
隨著計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)和快速發(fā)展，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)逐漸成為人們生活中不可或缺的組成部分。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間與現(xiàn)實社會一樣，既要提倡自由，也要遵守秩序。但隨著社會信息化程度的不斷加深，網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪和網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題愈加嚴(yán)重。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的全球性、虛擬性和無國界性，任何一國都難以單獨解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題，國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全合作亟需推進(jìn)。
中美兩國在網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全上有共同關(guān)切，通過加強彼此合作，建立共同打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪高級別聯(lián)合對話機制，將有助于構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間。
9、通過節(jié)能減排共創(chuàng)綠色明天
作為全球最大的兩個經(jīng)濟(jì)體和能源消耗國，中美兩國在節(jié)能減排方面的合作對于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長和環(huán)境的改善具有舉足輕重的意義。兩國的合作既順應(yīng)時代要求，也蘊含巨大機會，前景值得期待。2014年11月，中美兩國在北京共同發(fā)表《中美氣候變化聯(lián)合聲明》，標(biāo)志著兩國在節(jié)能減排方面的合作邁上一個新臺階。liuxue86.com
當(dāng)前，中美兩國在節(jié)能減排領(lǐng)域的合作具有很大的互補優(yōu)勢，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)互利共贏。對美國而言，中國的生產(chǎn)力、資本和市場可幫助美國在節(jié)能環(huán)保領(lǐng)域的先進(jìn)技術(shù)產(chǎn)生規(guī)模效應(yīng)，降低節(jié)能減排成本。對中國而言，美國在清潔能源領(lǐng)域技術(shù)先進(jìn)，經(jīng)驗豐富，政策環(huán)境優(yōu)厚，蘊藏著巨大的合作和發(fā)展機會。機遇與挑戰(zhàn)并存，需要中美攜手，共同努力。
10、廣泛培植中美兩國人民友誼
中美兩國雖地遠(yuǎn)，但人民友誼源遠(yuǎn)流長。雙方將為兩國友好創(chuàng)造有利條件，加深兩國人民深入了解。為此，中美兩國將在未來三年互派5萬名留學(xué)生到對方國家去學(xué)習(xí)，并且在2016年舉辦中美旅游年。最終實現(xiàn)中美之間民心相通，消除美國對中國崛起的焦慮感 (本文作者介紹：中國人民大學(xué)重陽金融研究院執(zhí)行院長，近著有《大國的幻象：行走世界的日記與思考》。)，為深化雙邊合作奠定堅實的民意基礎(chǔ)。
【附：習(xí)近平西雅圖晚宴演講稿英文對譯】
Dear Dr. Kissinger,
Respect of the British, the governor, secretary of the pritzker, Murray's mayor,
Respect of sears chairman, chairman of the fields,
Ladies and gentlemen, friends:
Everybody is good! Thank you Dr. Kissinger is introduced. Dr Kissinger can always say some new opinions, his introduction to let me understanding of oneself also has a new Angle. Washington, Seattle, is my first stop on a state visit to the United States, to have this opportunity to sit down together with old friends and new here, am very happy. First of all, I would like to you and through you to the American people, sincere greetings and best wishes!
Washington state and Seattle is not strange to me. It is often said that Washington is "evergreen state", Seattle is the "emerald city". There's a majestic tall and straight full-bodiedly mount Rainier, the lake Washington. Movie "sleepless in Seattle" to make the city in the Chinese people are very attractive. At present, the Washington state's exports to China in the nation, China has become a port of Seattle's biggest trading partner. Washington state and Seattle to become the people of China and the United States an important symbol of friendship and mutually beneficial cooperation between China and the United States.
Everyone firewood high flame. China-us relations, cannot leave the two governments, local, and friendly community, people from all walks of life's hard work and care. Especially the u.s.-china relations national committee, the us-china business council, the u.s.-china policy foundation, the American chamber of commerce, the China chamber of commerce, the committee, colorful development agency, council on foreign relations, the Asia society, friendly groups such as the brookings institution, and a lot of friendly people, long-term efforts to promote the friendly cooperation between the two countries. The sustainable development of the sino-us relations and embodies the painstaking effort and sweat. Here, I would like to extend all devoted to the china-us friendship of local government, society, university, a think-tank and people from all walks of life, said sincere respect and heartfelt thanks!
Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends!
Since the founding of new China, especially since the reform and opening up, China has come a very unusual experience, we this generation of Chinese people have this experience.
In the late 1960 s, I was a teenager, is from Beijing to China's shaanxi province a small village called Liang Guhe jump the queue when farmers, spent seven years in there. At that time, the folks and I all lived in the kiln and sleep on a heatable adobe sleeping platform, the villagers lived a very poor, often eat less than a piece of meat is a few months. I know what is most needed in folks! Later, I became a party branch secretary of the village, led the villagers to develop production. I know what the people want. I'm looking forward to a thing, is to make folks meal of meat, and often eat meat. However, this desire is difficult to achieve at the time.
The Spring Festival this year, I went back to the village. Liang Guhe fix up the asphalt, folks living in the house, using the Internet, the old people enjoy the basic pension, the villagers have health insurance, children can get a good education, have no problem, of course, eating meat. It made me more profoundly aware that the Chinese dream is the dream of the people, must be combined with the Chinese people is yearning for a better life to be successful.
Liang Guhe the change of the small village, is the development and progress of Chinese society since the reform and opening up a microcosm. We use for 30 years, Chinese economy the world's second place with more than 1.3 billion people out of the material shortage, overall well-off level, unprecedented dignity and rights. This is not only the great changes in people's life in China, is also a great progress of human civilization, is China's important contribution to the cause of world peace and development.
At the same time, we are well aware that China remains the biggest developing country in the world. China's per capita GDP is only equivalent to one 7 of the two-thirds of the global average, the United States, ranked 80 in the world. According to our own standard, China has more than 7000 people living in poverty. If in accordance with the standards of the world bank, China there are more than two hundred million people live below the poverty line. China has a population of more than 7000 low-income urban and rural areas, there are more than 8500 people with disabilities. These two years, I went to many poor areas in China, visited many poor families, they are eager to the eyes of a happy life deeply imprinted on my mind.
These cases show that the Chinese people to live a good life, continue to pay hard work. Development is still the top priority of the contemporary China, China's rulers's primary mission is to focus on improving people's living level, gradually achieve common prosperity. To this end, we put forward "two" one hundred goals, implementation is to 2020 gross domestic product (GDP) and urban and rural residents per capita income than doubled in 2010, to build a well-off society in an all-round way; By the middle of this century built prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious modern socialist country to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Everything we do now, is to achieve this goal. To build a well-off society in an all-round way, must deepen the reform, the rule of law, the overall governing party. This is our strategy of "four comprehensive" put forward by the layout.
Everyone is concerned about China's development direction, concerned about China's policy orientation, here, I speak several opinions on some major issues.
China's economy will maintain steady and rapid development. China's economy remains within a reasonable range, in the first half of this year, 7% of China's economic growth, growth is still ranked among the top of the world. The complex environment in the world economic situation as a whole, this is hard-won. At present, the countries' economies are faced with difficulties, China's economy faces downward pressure, but this is the problem in progress. We will be steady growth as a whole, promoting the reform, restructuring, livelihood, prevent risks, strengthen macro-control and innovation, promoting economic growth remains in high level. Now, China's new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization continues to advance, residents' high savings rate and huge consumption potential, people's hard work, the proportion of middle-income earners in improving, service industry development space is very large, large market space and potential. In the future, China will pay more attention to improve the quality and efficiency of economic development, accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development, adjusting economic structure, more emphasis on innovation drive, pay more attention to consumption, and pay more attention to solve the existing in the economic development of unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable problem, make China's economy the phoenix nirvana, ashes, maintained a strong momentum.
Recently, China's stock market abnormal fluctuation, caused the attention. Equity markets have their own rules. The government's responsibility is to maintain the market order of openness, fairness and justice, prevent widespread panic. This time, the Chinese government has taken some measures to stabilize the market, contain the stock market panic, to avoid the systemic risk at a time. The mature market also to take a similar approach. China's stock market has entered a stage of self-repair and the self-adjustment. On August 11, China improved median price quotation of RMB exchange rate mechanism, increase the market exchange rate. At present, the RMB exchange rate deviation correction has paid off. From the international and domestic economic and financial situation, the RMB exchange rate does not exist the foundation of the continuing decline. We will adhere to the market supply and demand determine the reform direction of the exchange rate, allowing the yuan to two-way floating, we are opposed to make competitive devaluations, against a currency war, also won't hold down the yuan to boost exports. Develop capital market, perfecting the market pricing mechanism of RMB exchange rate is one of China's reform direction, will not change because of the stock market, currency fluctuations.liuxue86.com
The fundamental way out for China's development lies in the reform. The goal of our reform, is promoting the modernization of national management system and management ability, make the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, better give play to the role of government, accelerate the development of the socialist market economy, democratic politics, the advanced culture and harmonious society, ecological civilization. In 2013, the third plenary session of the communist party of China (18 identified comprehensively deepen the reform of the top-level design, more than 330 reform measures are put forward. In 2014, we determined 80 key reform tasks completed. In the first half of this year, we have introduced more than 70 key reforms, its effect will gradually appear. Reform moment brave wins, we will be dare to face tough, dare to wade rapids determination, without reform. We unswervingly adhere to the direction of reform of market economy, will continue to be in the market, the fiscal and taxation, finance, investment and financing, price, opening to the outside world, the people's livelihood, and other fields, rolled out some strength big, the measures of reform.
China's open door will never be closed. The basic state policy of opening to the outside world is China, China's utilization of foreign capital policy will not change, will not change the lawful rights and interests of foreign investment enterprise security, provide better service for national enterprises to invest in China's direction will not change. China respects non-discriminatory rules of the international business practices, adhere to the principle of national treatment and so on the world trade organization (wto), fair treatment of all market subjects including enterprises with foreign investment, welcome multinational enterprises to carry out various forms of cooperation with China. We will promptly solve the reasonable concerns of foreign investors, protect their legitimate rights and interests, efforts to create a transparent legal policy environment, efficient administrative environment, fair competition market environment, especially to protect the intellectual property rights, with countries around the world, including the United States for us open up broader space for cooperation.
The basic strategies for China sticks to the rule of law. "Legislators, conquer side also." Comprehensive the rule of law is to uphold the rule of law, administration, administration according to law in accordance with the common propulsion, adhere to the country under the rule of law and the rule of law government, rule of law society construction, promote the judicial credibility to improve and get respect and safeguard human rights. China will be in the areas of legislation, law enforcement and the judicial fair to foreign institutions and enterprises. We would like to work with the us exchanges on the rule of law problems and learn from each other, improve together.
China is a defender of network security. China is also victims of hackers. The Chinese government will not to participate in, encourage or support any form of anyone engaged in commercial secrets act. Whether network commercial espionage or to hacker attack by government networks, are illegal and criminal behavior, should according to laws and relevant international conventions to be hit. The international community should be based on the principle of mutual respect and mutual trust, mutual construction of peace, security, open and cooperative network space. China is willing to work with the United States to establish bilateral common cybercrime high-level dialogue mechanism.
Outside China must be the positive role of non-profit organizations, as long as the organization's activities are good for the Chinese people, we will not limit and prohibit their activities, and to ensure their activities through law, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests in China. Overseas non-profit organizations in China activities should comply with Chinese law, in accordance with the law.
We will continue to combat corruption in China. I have said that while the iron is hot still need their own hard. Here said that while the iron is hot, is the communist party of China. The fundamental purpose is to serve the people heart and soul of the communist party of China. The communist party of China has more than 8700 party members, the party must also exist problems. If we can't solve the existing problems and its development, the people will not trust and support us. So, we emphasize governance will first party, the party must strictly. For some time, we investigate corruption cases, adhere to the "tiger", "fly" to play, is to conform to people's requirements. There is no power struggle, there is no "house of CARDS. China is willing to work with the international community to actively carry out cooperation anti-corruption pursuit. The Chinese people hope that U.S. support and cooperation in this respect, keeping the corrupt overseas "paradise".
China adheres to the path of peaceful development. We just mark to the victory of war of resistance against Japanese aggression the Chinese people and the world anti-fascist war, the 70 anniversary of the victory of the history is an important enlightenment to us, is the path of peaceful development, and all attempts to seek power and hegemony of aggression by force are inverse historical trend, is to fail. The Chinese have recognized more than 2000 years ago "country is big, militant death" of the truth. China always pursues a defensive national defense policy and military strategy of active defense. I wish in this reiterated that no matter to which step, China will never seek hegemony and never go in for expansion. To show that China's determination to adhere to peaceful development, I recently announced that China will disarmament in 300000. We hopes to join hands with other countries to build win-win cooperation as the core of the new international relations, with cooperation instead of confrontation and win-win instead an exclusive, set up the construction of a new partnership idea, create a common development of new prospects, build new security situation.
China is a participant, builder and contributor of current international system. We firmly uphold the purposes and principles of the UN charter as the core of the international order and international system. Many countries especially developing countries in the world all hope that the international system towards a more just and reasonable direction, but this is not to come over, not the stove, but keep pace with The Times, reform and perfect. This conforms to the countries all over the world and the common interests of all mankind.
China's development benefits from the international community, China will contribute to the global development. We push to build "area", set up the fund of the silk road, initiative to set up the Asian infrastructure investment bank, etc., the purpose is to support the common development of all countries, rather than to seek a political sphere. "Area" is open inclusive, we welcome all countries in the world, including the United States and international organizations involved in the cooperation. We actively promote the asia-pacific regional economic integration, and promote achieving the asia-pacific free trade area, is to promote formation of free and open, convenient and quick, dynamic asia-pacific development space. We advocate, integration, cooperation, sustainable security concept, is to work together with regional countries and the international community, safeguard regional peace and security.
Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends!
In 2013, my meeting with President Obama in indiana's manor, reached important consensus of a concerted effort to build a new China and the United States the relations between big powers. This is the two sides on the basis of summarizing historical experience, proceeding from national conditions between the two countries and the world trend, common to make important strategic choice.
For more than two years, according to the consensus reached by both sides, and constantly promote the coordination and cooperation in various fields, important progress has been made. We work together to meet the international financial crisis, joint efforts to promote world economic recovery. We deepen pragmatic cooperation in every field, bring tangible benefits to the two peoples. Last year, bilateral trade volume between the two countries, two-way investment stock hit a record high, the total number of personnel exchanges. We over Iran's nuclear, north Korea, south Sudan, Afghanistan, the Middle East and other international and regional hotspot issues, and the fight against global problems such as the ebola virus, the fight against terrorism maintain close communication and coordination. "A, XiaZiChengQi." These fruitful "cooperation across the Pacific", strongly shows the vitality and the huge potential in the development of china-us relations.
How to promote the new starting point new power relationships? How China and the United States should cooperate to promote world peace and development? The answer is to insist on the right direction of construction of new China and the United States the relations between big powers, one step at a time. Chinese ancients said: "of the past, check to minister, and the departure, but is definitely." Among these, there are a few things especially to do well.
First, the correct judgment strategic intention to each other. Construction of new power relations with the us, the realization of the two sides do not conflict is not confrontation, mutual respect, win-win cooperation, China's foreign policy priority. We would like to work with the us side to deepen understanding of each other's strategic direction, development road, more understanding, less estrangement, more trust, a less suspicion, prevent strategic miscalculation misunderstanding. We will adhere to the facts as the basis, to prevent, three into a tiger, nor suspected stolen axe, not wearing tinted glasses watch each other. There is no "thucydides trap" in the world, but avoided strategic miscalculation, between big countries could give themselves "thucydides trap".
Second, unswervingly promote win-win cooperation. Cooperation is the only correct choice. Seek cooperation will take care of each other's interests and concerns, the greatest common divisor of cooperation. Both kaohsiung: well, can become the world's stable YaCangShi, the promoter of peace in the world. The conflict and confrontation, the two countries and the world is a disaster for sure. China should and can cooperation is very broad. We should promote global governance mechanism, promote world economic stability growth, jointly maintain the global financial market stability. We should talk about at an early date into a two-way balance, a high level of bilateral investment treaties, deepen the construction for the new military relations between China and the United States, expand pragmatic cooperation in the areas of clean energy, environmental protection, strengthen the law enforcement and anti-corruption, health and local cooperation in areas such as communication, mining potential for cooperation in infrastructure construction. We should deepen at the United Nations, apec, the g20 and other multilateral mechanisms and major international and regional issues, communication and cooperation on global challenges, in order to safeguard and promote world peace, stability and prosperity to make greater contributions.
Third, proper and effective control. "The moon and different light, day and night with appropriate." It is because of the differences, the world is colorful, Also it is because of the differences, just need to gather assimilation. Contradiction is common, pure and pure world does not exist. There are different views on some issues in China and the United States, there is a divergence is inevitable, the key is how to control. The key is that both sides should respect each other, seek common ground while putting aside differences, constructive ways to enhance understanding, expand consensus, trying to do a contradictory points into cooperation.
Fourth, the friendship between people widely cultivated. In the final analysis is the relationship between the people of the national relations. Although long distance between China and the United States, but the two peoples enjoy a long history of friendly exchanges. More than 230 years ago, American merchant ship "empress of China" transatlantic sea maiden voyage to China. 150 years ago, tens of thousands of Chinese workers, together with the people of the United States laid the east Pacific railway. 70 years ago, China and the United States as the world war ii Allies to fight shoulder to shoulder, together to defend the world peace and justice. Thousands of American soldiers in the war, for the righteous cause of the Chinese people sacrificed their lives. We won't forget the people of the United States won freedom and independence for the Chinese people's fight against aggression, to give moral support and valuable assistance.
The Chinese people have always admired the American people's enterprising spirit and creative spirit. My youth attended "the federalist papers", Thomas paine's "common sense" and other books, also like to know Washington, Lincoln, Roosevelt and politicians in the United States, life and thoughts, I also read Thoreau, Whitman, Mark Twain, jack London, etc. Ernest Hemingway the old man and the sea of high winds and torrential rain, waves and description of the boat, the old man and the sharks left a deep impression on me. My first visit to Cuba, made a special trip to the Hemingway when writing the old man and the sea side of pier. Second to Cuba, I went to the Hemingway often go to the bar and ordered a Hemingway love drinking rum and mint on the rocks. I want to experience that Hemingway wrote the story of the spirit world and atmosphere on the spot. I think, for different cultures and civilizations, we need to understand.
In Chinese characters, the word "people" is the shape of a mutual support. Sino-us friendship, roots in people, in the hope that in the youth. I wish in this announced that China's support of the next three years the United States and China sent 50000 students to study in other countries, China and the United States will hold "sino-american tourism year" in 2016. China will create more conveniences for people's friendly exchanges between the two countries.
Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends!
Dr Kissinger in his book "the world order," said: "when judging each generation, to see whether they face up to the human society the most ambitious and important problem." Martin Luther King jr. King also said: "do the right thing, any time is a good time." Today, we once again came to the key time of history. Let us join hands and jointly create a better future for china-us relations, for our two peoples happiness, for the people all over the world to make a greater contribution!
Thank you very much.
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