The German-speaking population has been an inseparable part of the world’s greatest creations in both arts and sciences; thus almost every academic discipline has a long and outstanding tradition of success stories, in Germany and beyond. Add this to that the fact that as of October this yearGermany abolished all tuition fees for national and international students alike, offering free internationally recognized degrees for every prospective student. There you have it: the ideal study abroad destination.
Germany is at the heart of modern Europe in many ways – geographically, economically, and as one of the leading political lights in the EU. It’s also a multicultural melting-pot, an international center for everything from arts and fashion to automotive design and beer festivals, and boasts a capitalthat over the last few decades has emerged as one of the trendiest cities in the world.
Add to this a history of great creatives and thinkers, including the likes of Goethe, Beethoven and Bach, as well as the recent tragedies of the 20th century, and you’ll certainly find no shortage of German artefacts and landscapes to get stuck into.
No wonder students from all around the world are confused as to why can every other country cannot make such a convenient move as Germany. However, the lack of tuition fees is just one of many benefits of studying in Germany. Let’s go through all the advantages Germany has to offer to international students…
德語(yǔ)人口已經(jīng)成為世界上最偉大的創(chuàng)造的不可分割一部分，不管是在藝術(shù)還是科學(xué)方面;因此幾乎每個(gè)專業(yè)都有很長(zhǎng)并且出眾的成功故事，在德國(guó)和德國(guó)之外的地方。還有一個(gè)事實(shí)能夠更加加強(qiáng)這一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，德國(guó)目前取消了所有的學(xué)費(fèi)，對(duì)本國(guó)學(xué)生和國(guó)際學(xué)生一視同仁，為每一位就讀的學(xué)生提供免費(fèi)的國(guó)際認(rèn)可的學(xué)位。這就是你擁有的：一個(gè)理想中的留學(xué)目的地。
從很多方面來(lái)說(shuō)，德國(guó)都是現(xiàn)代歐洲的中心，不論是從地理上、經(jīng)濟(jì)上，還是歐盟中主導(dǎo)的政治力量之一。德國(guó)還是一個(gè)多元文化大熔爐，是藝術(shù)、汽車設(shè)計(jì)和啤酒節(jié)的國(guó)際中心。
德國(guó)歷史上還有很多偉大的創(chuàng)意家和思想家，包括歌德、貝多芬、巴赫，以及最近的20 世紀(jì)悲劇歷史，在德國(guó)，你一定不愁找不到德國(guó)的文物和景觀。
來(lái)自世界其他國(guó)家的很多學(xué)生都不明白，為什么其他國(guó)家不能像德國(guó)這樣。但是，免除學(xué)費(fèi)只是在德國(guó)留學(xué)的諸多好處其中之一，你能享受到的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止于此。下面請(qǐng)看出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)為大家獨(dú)家整理并且翻譯的在德國(guó)留學(xué)的好處，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。
1. No tuition fees at public universities in Germany
Higher education in Germany is mainly funded by the state and as such it is literally free of charge for domestic and international students alike. The German higher education system consists of around 400 institutions, divided into public “tuition free” institutions that host over 2.4 million students across Germany, and a smaller number of private institutions that enroll less than 5% of the total student body.
In the past decade, Germany has been politically struggling to ban tuition fees throughout the whole country; yet as a decentralized federal country it was difficult to bring all 16 of the federations to agree. In October 2014, consensus was reached and Germany is now offering access to free higher education to all students, regardless of their origin.
1、德國(guó)的公立大學(xué)不收取學(xué)費(fèi)
德國(guó)高等教育的經(jīng)費(fèi)主要由國(guó)家支出，因此就是你能從字面上讀到的意思，德國(guó)本國(guó)學(xué)生和國(guó)際學(xué)生都可以一視同仁地享受免學(xué)費(fèi)的福利。德國(guó)高等教育體系由大約400所院校組成，分為公立“免學(xué)費(fèi)”院校，在整個(gè)德國(guó)有超越240萬(wàn)學(xué)生就讀，此外還有少數(shù)的私立學(xué)校，在讀學(xué)生數(shù)量少于總學(xué)生數(shù)量的5%。
在過(guò)去十年里，德國(guó)在政治上一直努力在全國(guó)實(shí)行廢除學(xué)費(fèi)的政策，但是德國(guó)作為一個(gè)分散的聯(lián)邦制國(guó)家，很難使所有16個(gè)聯(lián)邦同意。在2014年10月達(dá)成共識(shí)，德國(guó)現(xiàn)在為所有在德國(guó)接受高等教育的學(xué)生提供免學(xué)費(fèi)的政策，不論其原籍國(guó)是哪里。(但是德國(guó)巴登符騰堡州計(jì)劃從2017年秋季學(xué)期開(kāi)始向國(guó)際學(xué)生收取學(xué)費(fèi))
Undergraduate costs to study in Germany
Although you can study in Germany for free at public institutions as an undergraduate, there is a charge per semester for enrolment, confirmation and administration – usually between €150 and €250 (US$170-280) depending on the university. There may be an additional charge of around €100 for a “Semesterticket”, which covers public transport expenses for six months. If you exceed the standard period of study by more than four semesters, you may also face a long-term fee charge, which could be as much as €800 (US$920) per semester.
Most universities in Germany are public. Private institutions are usually primarily dependent on tuition fees for their funding (though some also receive support from foundations), and can charge up to €20,000 (US$22,850) per year. The University of Witten-Herdecke, for example, charges around €15,000 (US$17,150) for a degree, but offers flexible finance options, giving students the choice of whether to pay tuition fees from the start or pay a percentage based on income after graduation.
The Federal Student Financial Aid Program (BAf?G: Bundesausbildungsf?rderungsgesetz) is available for German nationals and EU students, and even for foreigners under select conditions. Generally this aid is for those under 30 years old, or under 35 for those studying for a master’s degree. But exceptions can be made depending on circumstance. BAf?G offer grants to cover basic living and training costs and also provides an Education Loan program, giving students the opportunity to take out a low-interest loan.
在德國(guó)本科留學(xué)的費(fèi)用
雖然你可以在德國(guó)的公立大學(xué)免收學(xué)費(fèi)進(jìn)行本科學(xué)習(xí)，但是你仍然需要支付一些費(fèi)用用于每學(xué)期的注冊(cè)、確認(rèn)和管理，具體收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)取決于你所就讀的大學(xué)，這筆費(fèi)用通常為150歐元到250歐元之間(約合170美元到280美元) 。除此之外，可能還會(huì)有大約100 歐元的“學(xué)期優(yōu)惠乘車票”的額外費(fèi)用，這個(gè)費(fèi)用包括了你在六個(gè)月的時(shí)間內(nèi)搭乘公共交通的費(fèi)用。如果你在德國(guó)留學(xué)的時(shí)間超過(guò)了四個(gè)學(xué)期的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間，你也可能會(huì)需要支付“超期費(fèi)”，這筆費(fèi)用可能會(huì)高達(dá)800歐元(約合920美元) 每學(xué)期。
在德國(guó)大多數(shù)的大學(xué)都是公立大學(xué)。私立大學(xué)通常靠從學(xué)生那里收取的學(xué)費(fèi)來(lái)提供大學(xué)運(yùn)作的資金，盡管有些私立大學(xué)也會(huì)得到基金會(huì)的支持，私立大學(xué)可能會(huì)收取高達(dá)20,000歐元(約合22,850美元) 每年的學(xué)費(fèi)。舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，維藤黑爾德克大學(xué)，一個(gè)學(xué)位的學(xué)費(fèi)大約是15,000歐元 (約合17,150美元) ，但是這所大學(xué)也提供靈活的繳費(fèi)選項(xiàng)，讓學(xué)生可以選擇在一開(kāi)始就一次性付清學(xué)費(fèi)，或者是根據(jù)畢業(yè)之后的收入來(lái)按照百分比支付學(xué)費(fèi)。
聯(lián)邦學(xué)生財(cái)政援助項(xiàng)目是為德國(guó)本國(guó)學(xué)生以及歐盟國(guó)家學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的，也包括滿足條件的外國(guó)學(xué)生。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這種援助是為那些30歲以下的學(xué)生，或者35歲以下打算攻讀碩士學(xué)位的學(xué)生提供的。但是也可能有例外情況，具體視情況而定。聯(lián)邦學(xué)生財(cái)政援助項(xiàng)目也提供助學(xué)金，不過(guò)僅僅能夠支付基本生活費(fèi)和培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用，此外還提供教育貸款項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生能夠有機(jī)會(huì)獲得低息貸款。
Master’s and postgraduate costs to study in Germany
Master’s degrees at German universities are usually free if they are classed as “consecutive” – i.e. following directly on from a related bachelor’s degree gained in Germany. Again, there is a small charge per semester for enrolment, confirmation and administration, plus a Semesterticket. However, a “non-consecutive” master’s degree, for those who have gained their bachelor’s degree elsewhere in the world, can cost more than €10,000 (US$11,450) per semester, and private German universities can charge up to €30,000 (US$34,300) per year for a master’s degree.
For example, Germany’s top-ranked institution, the Ruprecht-Karls-Universit?t Heidelberg, lists fees for non-consecutive master’s degrees ranging from €2,050 (US$2,350) per semester for a Master of Science in Biomedical Engineering up to €6,000 (US$6,870) per semester for a Master of Science in Health Economics.
At PhD level, tuition is once again free at all universities in Germany – for the first six semesters at least. As at all levels of study, PhD students are also required to make a semester contribution of between €150 (US$170) and €200 (US$230) for administration and other costs.
在德國(guó)碩士留學(xué)的費(fèi)用
如果你屬于“連續(xù)就讀”的學(xué)生，即你的學(xué)士學(xué)位就是在德國(guó)大學(xué)獲得的，并且你直接在德國(guó)大學(xué)就讀跟你學(xué)士學(xué)位專業(yè)相關(guān)的碩士學(xué)位，那么你在德國(guó)大學(xué)就讀碩士學(xué)位就是免收學(xué)費(fèi)的。與在德國(guó)大學(xué)讀本科一樣，雖然免收學(xué)費(fèi)，但是每學(xué)期還是有少量的注冊(cè)費(fèi)、確認(rèn)費(fèi)以及管理費(fèi)，再加上學(xué)期優(yōu)惠乘車票的少量費(fèi)用。但是，如果你不是“連續(xù)就讀”的學(xué)生，就是說(shuō)你是在世界別的國(guó)家獲得的學(xué)士學(xué)位，你在德國(guó)大學(xué)就讀碩士學(xué)位就可能會(huì)被收取超過(guò)1萬(wàn)歐元 (約合11,450美元) 每學(xué)期的學(xué)費(fèi)，德國(guó)的私立大學(xué)可能收取高達(dá)3萬(wàn)歐元 (約合34,300美元) 每年的學(xué)費(fèi)。
舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)，在德國(guó)排名頂尖的大學(xué)，海德堡大學(xué)，非連續(xù)就讀的碩士學(xué)位列出的費(fèi)用是，生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程碩士的學(xué)費(fèi)為2,050歐元 (約合2,350美元) 每學(xué)期，衛(wèi)生經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)碩士的學(xué)費(fèi)為6千歐元 (約合6,870美元) 每學(xué)期。
但是如果你是在德國(guó)就讀博士學(xué)位，那么所有的德國(guó)大學(xué)都是免學(xué)費(fèi)的，至少是最開(kāi)始的六個(gè)學(xué)期免收學(xué)費(fèi)。就像在德國(guó)大學(xué)就讀其他等級(jí)一樣，博士學(xué)生每學(xué)期也需要繳納150歐元 (約合170美元) 到200 歐元 (約合230美元) 的管理費(fèi)以及其他費(fèi)用。
Cost of living in Germany
While many students are able to study in Germany for free, living expenses are unavoidable. The cost of living in Germany is more expensive in some areas than others (big cities such as Munich as well as cities across western Germany tend to be more expensive), with costs ranging from €350 to €1,000 (~US$482 to US$1,377) per month. Rent will be your largest monthly expense, but is cheaper if you live in a shared flat (average rent of €298/US$340 per month) or a student hall of residence (€240/US$275 per month).
Based on data from the DAAD, other average monthly costs are as follows: €165 (~US$190) for food; €52 (US$60) for clothes; €82 (US$95) for transport; €33 (US$38) for telephone, internet and TV license; €30 (US$35) for work/study materials, and €68 (US$80) for leisure activities.
You won’t need a visa to study in Germany if you’re an EU national or a citizen of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland. Otherwise expect to pay around €60 (US$70) for your student visa, but there are also fee reductions or waivers for Schengen visas. In order to fulfill the visa requirements, you will need to show proof that you have, or have access to, around €8,040 per year (US$9,230) or €670 (US$770) per month to cover your living costs.
You will also need health insurance as a pre-condition of registering at a German university. If you’re a resident of a country within the EU or EEA, there should be a social security agreement between your country and Germany. This means that if you have public health insurance, you should be covered in Germany as well (full list here). If your health insurance is not valid in Germany, expect to pay between €80 (US$90) and €160 (US$180) per month to cover this.
在德國(guó)留學(xué)的生活費(fèi)
雖然很多學(xué)生都能夠免費(fèi)在德國(guó)留學(xué)，但是德國(guó)留學(xué)期間的生活費(fèi)也是不可避免的。在德國(guó)有些區(qū)域的生活成本要比另外的區(qū)域更高，比如在慕尼黑等大城市還有德國(guó)西部的城市就更昂貴，生活費(fèi)為350歐元到1000歐元每月(約合482美元到1,377美元) 。房子租金會(huì)成為你每個(gè)月最大的一筆開(kāi)支，但是如果你跟別人一起合租的話，租金會(huì)要便宜一些，平均租金為298歐元(約合340美元)每個(gè)月，或者你還可以選擇住在學(xué)生宿舍，費(fèi)用也會(huì)更便宜，只需要240歐元(約合275美元)每個(gè)月。
根據(jù)德意志學(xué)術(shù)交流中心(DAAD)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，其他每個(gè)月的平均費(fèi)用還有以下幾個(gè)方面：165歐元(約合190美元) 的餐食費(fèi)用，52歐元(約合60美元)的衣服購(gòu)買(mǎi)費(fèi)用，82歐元(約合95美元)的交通費(fèi)用，33歐元(約合38美元)的電話、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電視許可證費(fèi)用，30 歐元(約合35美元) 的工作學(xué)習(xí)材料費(fèi)用，以及68歐元(約合80美元)的休閑活動(dòng)開(kāi)支。
如果你是來(lái)自歐盟國(guó)家或者冰島、列支敦士登、挪威或者瑞士這些國(guó)家的公民，那么你不需要留學(xué)簽證就可以來(lái)德國(guó)留學(xué)。否則你就需要花費(fèi)大約60歐元(約合70美金)的費(fèi)用來(lái)申請(qǐng)你的留學(xué)簽證，但是申根簽證也可以享受費(fèi)用降低或者免除的福利。為了滿足德國(guó)留學(xué)簽證申請(qǐng)的要求，你需要證明你自己擁有或者有權(quán)接觸，大約8,040歐元(約合9,230美元) 每年或者670歐元(約合770美元)每個(gè)月的金額，用于支付你在德國(guó)留學(xué)期間的生活費(fèi)用。
如果你想要在德國(guó)大學(xué)注冊(cè)，你還需要購(gòu)買(mǎi)健康保險(xiǎn)，這是在德國(guó)大學(xué)注冊(cè)的前提條件。如果你是一個(gè)來(lái)自歐盟或者歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)國(guó)家的居民，那么你的國(guó)家和德國(guó)之間應(yīng)該有社會(huì)保障協(xié)議。這就意味著，如果你已經(jīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)了公共醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，那么你在德國(guó)留學(xué)期間也可以同樣享受這個(gè)保險(xiǎn)。如果你不確定你是否能夠享受，請(qǐng)?jiān)趤?lái)德國(guó)留學(xué)之前就資訊清楚。如果你的健康保險(xiǎn)在德國(guó)是無(wú)效的，那么你每個(gè)月需要支付大約80歐元(約合90美元) 到160歐元 (約合180美元)的健康保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
Scholarships to study in Germany
The German Academic Exchange Service, otherwise known as the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst), provides support for German and international students to gain funding to live and study in Germany for free or at a more affordable cost. DAAD scholarships to study in Germany are offered to German and international students of all levels, as well as academics and researchers. To find relevant scholarships to study in Germany, you can search based on keywords, study level, country of origin and subject.
Another useful resource comes from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research or BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung), which hosts a site dedicated to providing information on scholarships to study in Germany.
在德國(guó)留學(xué)的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金
德意志學(xué)術(shù)交流中心，也被稱為DAAD，為德國(guó)本國(guó)學(xué)生以及國(guó)際留學(xué)生提供了支持，讓這些學(xué)生能夠獲得資金補(bǔ)助，能夠免費(fèi)或者以更能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起的費(fèi)用在德國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)和生活。德意志學(xué)術(shù)交流中心的德國(guó)留學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是為所有等級(jí)的德國(guó)本國(guó)學(xué)生和國(guó)際留學(xué)生提供的，學(xué)者和研究人員也可以享受。如果你想了解德國(guó)留學(xué)相關(guān)的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，你可以根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞、你的學(xué)習(xí)等級(jí)、原籍國(guó)以及專業(yè)等分類條件來(lái)進(jìn)行搜索。
德國(guó)聯(lián)邦教育和科研部(BMBF)也是你了解德國(guó)留學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的另一個(gè)非常有用的資源，BMBF建立了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，提供各種去德國(guó)留學(xué)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的信息，你也可以搜索了解。
2. Excellent higher education staff members and infrastructure
Higher education in Germany consists of three different types of institutions:
Universities
Universities of Applied Sciences
Technical, Art, Film and Music Colleges
Most public universities in Germany date from the Middle Ages, barring a significant tradition of qualitative education and prominent names in various academic disciplines. Other institutions were either founded after the Second World War or fairly recently, including most of the private universities in Germany.
Universities in Germany are known to excel in both infrastructure and curricula. Optimal facilities providing contemporary technology, and a diversified professional staff that contributes to compounding an enlightening curricula, ensure promising future generations of experts regardless of the discipline. Innovation, international cooperation and practice-oriented studies are considered to be the revolutionary roads to a world-class education.
2、頂尖的高等教育教職員和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
德國(guó)的高等教育由三種不同類型的機(jī)構(gòu)組成：
-大學(xué)
-應(yīng)用科技大學(xué)
-技術(shù)、藝術(shù)、電影和音樂(lè)學(xué)院
大多數(shù)德國(guó)的公立大學(xué)的歷史可以追溯到中世紀(jì)，因此這些大學(xué)在某些學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)是響當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)拿?hào)。其他機(jī)構(gòu)也是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后或者不久之前成立，包括德國(guó)大部分的私立大學(xué)。
德國(guó)的大學(xué)卓越的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和課程是眾所周知的。最頂尖的設(shè)施提供與時(shí)代接軌的最新技術(shù)，還有多元化的專業(yè)人員，有助于為學(xué)生提供最優(yōu)良的課程，培養(yǎng)有前途的未來(lái)一代的新人才。創(chuàng)新、國(guó)際合作和面向?qū)嵺`的學(xué)習(xí)被認(rèn)為是通往世界一流教育的途徑。
3. Internationally recognized degrees
Universities in Germany now all operate under the Bologna reform, which ensures all students get a unified and internationally recognized degree such as bachelor’s, masters or PhD.
BA/BSc equals 6 semesters of study
MA/MSc equals to 2-4 semesters, depending on the program
PhD equals 4-6 semesters, depending on the program
This applies to most academic disciplines, except for medicine, law and pharmacy. In these subjects students are still educated in the traditional way; a state exam is conducted at the end of studies, and the course lasts a few more semesters than an ordinary bachelor’s degree.
3、國(guó)際認(rèn)可的學(xué)位
德國(guó)的大學(xué)現(xiàn)在都在進(jìn)行波羅尼亞改革，這就是為了確保所有的學(xué)生都能獲得統(tǒng)一并且國(guó)際公認(rèn)的學(xué)位，例如學(xué)士學(xué)位、碩士學(xué)位或者博士學(xué)位。
-文學(xué)士/理學(xué)士相當(dāng)于要進(jìn)行6個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)
-文科碩士/理科碩士相當(dāng)于要進(jìn)行2-4個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)，具體要根據(jù)你所就讀的課程
-博士學(xué)位相當(dāng)于要進(jìn)行4-6個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)，具體要根據(jù)你所就讀的課程
這適用于大多數(shù)學(xué)術(shù)專業(yè)，除了醫(yī)學(xué)、法學(xué)和藥學(xué)。在這些專業(yè)的學(xué)生仍然接受傳統(tǒng)的教育方式;在學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束需要參加全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的考試，課程比普通的學(xué)士學(xué)位課程多幾個(gè)學(xué)期。
4. Study programs taught in English
Studying in Germany not only comes for free, but you can also do it in English if your German language skills are not so good. English is an international and widely spoken language, taught as a second language in the majority of schools around the world. A fresh start in a new country, a new university AND a new language can be tougher than you think; therefore you might want to go easy on yourself and take up an international program taught in English while your German language skills advance, and then perhaps switch to studying in Germany.
4、參加英語(yǔ)授課的課程
來(lái)德國(guó)留學(xué)不僅僅是免費(fèi)的，并且如果你的德語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言技能不是很好的話，你還可以參加英語(yǔ)授課的課程。英語(yǔ)國(guó)際通用并且被廣泛使用的語(yǔ)言，在世界各地的絕大多數(shù)的學(xué)校都將英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言教學(xué)。當(dāng)你在一個(gè)新國(guó)家全新開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，一所新的大學(xué)以及全新的語(yǔ)言會(huì)比你想象中的更艱難;因此你可能會(huì)想要讓自己更容易一點(diǎn)，你可以先參加英語(yǔ)授課的國(guó)際課程，然后在你德語(yǔ)可以的情況下再轉(zhuǎn)換到德語(yǔ)授課的課程。
5. Great job opportunities
Regardless of the free tuition fee policy, studying in Germany doesn’t come entirely for free – you still need to meet the living costs. Therefore many international students tend to look for a job to support themselves while studying. It is very easy for EU students to find a job, as there are no limitations whatsoever. Meanwhile students from non-EU countries have to apply for a work permit, and their working hours are limited to 190 full days or 240 half days per year.
Students from countries outside of the EU, EEA or Switzerland are not permitted to work freelance or self-employed. However, this has seldom been an issue since Germany is a very well-developed country where the economy supports thousands of new jobs every day, giving the majority of international students the possibility of finding a decent job.
It’s worth mentioning that practice-oriented universities in Germany have agreements with great companies, providing students with internships. These may not always be paid, but could lead to a great future job after obtaining your degree.
5、絕佳的工作機(jī)會(huì)
先拋開(kāi)德國(guó)免學(xué)費(fèi)的政策，其實(shí)在德國(guó)留學(xué)并不是完全免費(fèi)的——因?yàn)槟闳匀恍枰Ц渡钯M(fèi)用。因此許多國(guó)際留學(xué)生傾向于在留學(xué)的同時(shí)也找一份工作來(lái)養(yǎng)活自己。對(duì)于來(lái)自歐盟國(guó)家的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，找一份工作很容易并且沒(méi)有任何限制。來(lái)自非歐盟國(guó)家的學(xué)生必須申請(qǐng)工作許可證，而且他們的工作時(shí)間限制為每年190個(gè)全天或者240個(gè)半天。
來(lái)自歐盟、歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)或者瑞士以外的國(guó)家的學(xué)生不能夠參加自由職業(yè)或個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)。但是，這很少成為問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榈聡?guó)是非常發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家，那里的經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠支持每天數(shù)千個(gè)新的工作崗位，能夠讓大多數(shù)的國(guó)際學(xué)生找到一份體面的工作。
值得一提的是，以實(shí)踐為導(dǎo)向的德國(guó)大學(xué)與很多大公司有協(xié)議，為其學(xué)生提供實(shí)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。這些工作可能不是所有的都能得到報(bào)酬，但是在你獲得學(xué)位之后可能會(huì)為你帶來(lái)一份未來(lái)的好工作。
6. A chance to explore all aspects of life in Germany
Student life in Germany thrives on adrenaline and curiosity. German people are friendly but give you privacy; mutual respect and order are part of the daily routine; and cultural diversity is worth exploring in every inch of the country, as it makes you feel part of one entity rather than a total stranger.
Outdoor activities are pretty popular in Germany, including sports, hiking, cycling, skiing and more – so students who consider themselves athletic are going to fit in just fine. As most international students choose to live in metropolises, they’ll find lots of activities to fill their spare time; hanging out in bars, clubbing, theater and cinema are all part of student life in Germany. Most of the great German cities are artsy and have a vivid underground music scene, full of hipster fashion, books and ideals which all make for an enlightening and interesting experience.
If you get tired of the frenzy, you’ll find that Germans are for the most part more private people, who prefer smaller gatherings behind closed doors, enjoying their food and beverages in a more intimate atmosphere. Once you have a chance to join local friendship groups, you will start learning about “real” life in Germany.
Germans are by all means green. Parks and green spaces are part of every neighborhood and remain the ideal space to calm the mind. Travelling in and out of the country promises surreal landscapes, great architecture and loads of historical data to be revealed.
Another true advantage to life in Germany is the excellent public transport, which is efficient, safe and fast. As an additional perk of studying in Germany, you get a travel card for free by paying enrollment and administrative taxes that are ridiculously low.
6、探索德國(guó)生活各個(gè)方面的機(jī)會(huì)
在德國(guó)的學(xué)生生活靠你的腎上腺素(這能夠讓你心跳加速、精力充沛、行動(dòng)迅速)和好奇心。德國(guó)人很友好，同時(shí)也會(huì)給你隱私，相互尊重和遵守秩序就是日常生活和工作的一部分。德國(guó)多樣的文化值得你去探索這個(gè)國(guó)家的每一寸，這能讓你感覺(jué)到你是在這個(gè)整體中的一部分，而不是一個(gè)完全的陌生人。
戶外活動(dòng)在德國(guó)很流行，包括各種運(yùn)動(dòng)、徒步旅行、騎自行車、滑雪和更多其他的活動(dòng)，所以如果你認(rèn)為自己是運(yùn)動(dòng)型的，那么這就非常適合你了。大多數(shù)的國(guó)際留學(xué)生都會(huì)選擇住在大城市，他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很多的活動(dòng)都可以用來(lái)消耗他們的課余時(shí)間，逛酒吧、夜總會(huì)、劇院和電影院都是德國(guó)學(xué)生生活的一部分。德國(guó)大多數(shù)城市都有藝術(shù)家的氣息，有生動(dòng)的地下音樂(lè)，到處都是時(shí)髦的時(shí)裝、書(shū)籍，以及極具啟發(fā)性和有趣的想法。
如果你厭倦了瘋狂，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)德國(guó)人更多的時(shí)候是比較私人的，他們喜歡關(guān)起門(mén)來(lái)的小型聚會(huì)，在更親密氛圍中享受他們的食物和飲料。一旦你有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入到當(dāng)?shù)厝说呐笥讶?，你將?huì)了解到德國(guó)“真正的”生活。
德國(guó)人都想盡辦法做到綠色環(huán)保。公園和綠地是每個(gè)社區(qū)的一部分，是保持你冷靜頭腦的空間。你可以看看德國(guó)超現(xiàn)實(shí)的風(fēng)景，偉大的建筑，以及厚重的歷史。
在德國(guó)的生活的另一個(gè)真正優(yōu)勢(shì)在于非常棒的公共交通，德國(guó)的公共交通是真正的高效、安全、快捷。在德國(guó)留學(xué)的額外福利就是，你在支付學(xué)校注冊(cè)和管理稅之后，會(huì)獲得一張免費(fèi)的交通卡，而你用這張卡搭乘德國(guó)公共交通所需的費(fèi)用更是你想不到的低。
Explore Berlin
Germany’s capital city is unique. Study abroad here and you’ll never stop learning. Top historical sites to visit include the Berlin Wall, the Jewish Holocaust Memorial, Charlie’s Checkpoint and Potsdamer Platz. While the city holds a checkered history, scarred by the Second World War and the following period of division, Berlin’s history makes the city what it is today, a modern city of incredible diversity, openness and historic remembrance. There’s also much, much more to Berlin than historic sites. It has a vibrant film industry, a raging nightlife, great cuisine and an eclectic underground music scene. From the majestic Brandenburg Tor to the fashionable Alexanderplatz, Berlin is a capital city like no other.
探索柏林
德國(guó)的首都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。在這里留學(xué)，你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止學(xué)習(xí)的腳步。這里有許多非常棒的歷史遺跡，你可以參觀包括柏林墻、猶太大屠殺紀(jì)念館、查理檢查站和波茨坦廣場(chǎng)在內(nèi)的歷史遺跡。雖然城市有著盛衰無(wú)常的歷史，有著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)留下的累累傷痕，以及未來(lái)美好的愿景，柏林的歷史造就了柏林這座城市的今天，使柏林今天成為了一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的城市，并且充滿了令人驚艷的多樣性、開(kāi)放性和歷史性。柏林的意義遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是歷史遺跡，它還有許多別的東西。柏林有蓬勃的電影產(chǎn)業(yè)，豐富多彩的夜生活，絕佳的美食和不拘一格的地下音樂(lè)。從雄偉壯觀的勃蘭登堡門(mén)到時(shí)尚的亞歷山大廣場(chǎng)，柏林與其他的首都城市截然不同。
Castle Neuschwanstein
This 19th-century Romanesque Revival palace is one of the most picturesque castles in the world. Commissioned by Germany’s “fairy-tale king” Ludwig ll of Bavaria, Castle Neuschwanstein holds a special place in German history. Upon the death of his grandfather, Germany’s slightly eccentric king began the task of rebuilding the palace, a favorite haunt from his childhood years.
Incorporating his love of opera, most notably that of composer Richard Wagner, Ludwig built himself a haven in which he was able to live out his idea of the Middle Ages. However, the palace wasn’t yet finished when Ludwig died in mysterious circumstances by the lake. Today, visiting Castle Neuschwanstein is one of the most popular things to do in Germany with more than 1.3 million visitors annually. It’s also widely known as the inspiration for Disneyland’s Sleeping Beauty Castle.
新天鵝堡
新天鵝堡是19 世紀(jì)羅馬式復(fù)興式宮殿，是世界上最美麗的城堡之一。新天鵝堡是由德國(guó)的“童話國(guó)王”巴伐利亞的維希二世委托建造，在德國(guó)歷史上具有非常特殊的位置。在國(guó)王的祖父去世之后，德國(guó)略顯古怪的國(guó)王開(kāi)始重建宮殿，這是從他的童年歲月開(kāi)始就最喜歡做的事。
結(jié)合維希二世對(duì)歌劇的喜愛(ài)，其中最引人注目的是作曲家理查德瓦格納，維希二世為自己建了一個(gè)避風(fēng)港，在這其中他能夠活出他自己中世紀(jì)的想法。但是，這座宮殿尚未完成，維希二世就在湖邊神秘死亡。今天，參觀新天鵝堡是超過(guò)130萬(wàn)名游客每年去德國(guó)旅游最愛(ài)做的事情之一。新天鵝堡也被廣泛認(rèn)為是迪斯尼樂(lè)園睡美人城堡的靈感來(lái)源。
Christmas markets
One of the best things of studying abroad in the Northern Hemisphere is the way Christmas brightens up the winter months, and Germany certainly knows how to make the most of the festive season. It won’t matter that the days are shorter and the temperatures colder; wrap up warm and head outside to explore the country’s famous Christmas markets (Weichnachtsmarkt), which are staged in almost every town and city around Germany and have become a popular event across Europe. Glut out on glühwein (warm red wine with fruit and spices) and apple fritters, and get all your Christmas shopping done in one hit!
圣誕市場(chǎng)
在北半球國(guó)家留學(xué)的最棒的事情之一就是冬季的圣誕節(jié)，圣誕節(jié)能夠燃燒整個(gè)冬季的氛圍，德國(guó)當(dāng)然也知道怎樣使這個(gè)節(jié)日最喜慶。白天時(shí)間短、溫度低，這些都無(wú)所謂，穿上暖和的衣服一起來(lái)探索德國(guó)著名的圣誕市場(chǎng) (Weichnachtsmarkt)吧。圣誕市場(chǎng)幾乎在德國(guó)每個(gè)鎮(zhèn)和城市都有，已經(jīng)成為歐洲非常受歡迎的活動(dòng)。來(lái)一杯圣誕熱紅酒(這是溫?zé)岬募t葡萄酒加上水果和香料調(diào)制而成的) 和炸蘋(píng)果圈，然后在這里一次性完成你的圣誕血拼吧。
Oktoberfest
Germany is one of the great brewing nations of the world, and taking time to indulge in some of the world’s finest beers is often at the top of lists of things to do in Germany. The most popular way to do this is by joining Munich’sOktoberfest, which takes place from late September and lasts for two whole weeks, attracting approximately six million visitors to the Bavarian capital every year. Forget your books for a few days and get into the spirit of Oktoberfest – you’re likely to find a large part of the German student population doing the same, along with many of your lecturers too!
啤酒節(jié)
德國(guó)是世界的啤酒釀造大國(guó)之一，經(jīng)常抽空品嘗一些世界上最好的啤酒是一定要在德國(guó)做的事情之一。想要品嘗最多美酒，最受歡迎的方式就是加入慕尼黑啤酒節(jié)。慕尼黑啤酒節(jié)從9月下旬開(kāi)始，持續(xù)整整兩個(gè)星期，每年吸引了大約600萬(wàn)游客到這座巴伐利亞首府城市。在這幾天里忘掉你的書(shū)本，徹底投入慕尼黑啤酒節(jié)中，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分德國(guó)學(xué)生也在做著和你同樣的事，甚至還有很多講師也是一樣!
Summer fireworks festivals
During Germany’s summer months, from May to September, something special happens on the River Rhine. In the summer nights, the Rhine, one of Europe’s longest and most important rivers, is lit up by a dramatic blaze of fireworks, shedding light on the convoy of boats which makes its way up the river, as the public wander along the water’s edge to watch.
These spectacular riverside fireworks displays are known as the ‘Rhein in Flammen' (Rhine in Flames) and there are a number of dinner cruises which operate during the event, where you’ll often find the best views of the fireworks, set against a backdrop of castles, palaces, picturesque villages and a beautiful riverside landscape.
夏日煙花節(jié)
在德國(guó)的夏季里，從5月到9月，在萊茵河上會(huì)發(fā)生一些特別的事。在夏天的夜晚，萊茵河這座歐洲最長(zhǎng)也是最重要的河流上，會(huì)被燈火點(diǎn)亮，并且綻放戲劇般絢麗的焰火，你可以在萊茵河上乘船觀看，或者沿著萊茵河河邊的開(kāi)放區(qū)域都可以看到。
這些壯觀的河畔煙花被稱為“萊茵河煙花節(jié)”(萊茵河岸煙火) ，活動(dòng)期間還有晚餐活動(dòng)，在那里你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的欣賞煙花的視角，城堡、宮殿、風(fēng)景如畫(huà)的村莊和美麗的萊茵河景觀融為和諧的一體。
Wagner Opera Festival
If you’re able to get tickets (waiting lists are long), the Wagner Opera Festival is one of the ultimate things to do in Germany for theatre and opera lovers alike. Head for the city of Bayreuth in north-east Bavaria to witness the famous festival, which takes place every year from late July to August.
Festival performances take place in Bayreuth Festspielhaus, a custom-built theatre that composer Richard Wagner himself helped to design. People wait five to ten years for tickets to the Wagner Opera Festival, but try your luck by turning up on the day. You may be able to secure a returned ticket – that’s if you haven’t got stuck in a traffic jam along with everyone else attempting to do the same!
瓦格納歌劇節(jié)
如果你能弄到票 (有許多人都想得到一張票，所以有長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的等待名單)，瓦格納歌劇節(jié)是戲劇和歌劇愛(ài)好者在德國(guó)一定要做的事情之一。趕快前往巴伐利亞?wèn)|北部的城市拜羅伊特，一起來(lái)見(jiàn)證這個(gè)著名的節(jié)日，瓦格納歌劇節(jié)在每年的7月下旬到8月舉行。
音樂(lè)節(jié)的演出會(huì)在拜羅伊特節(jié)日劇院進(jìn)行，這個(gè)劇院是作曲家理查德·瓦格納自己參與設(shè)計(jì)的獨(dú)特劇院。人們等待五至十年就為了獲得瓦格納歌劇節(jié)的門(mén)票，但是你可以試試你的運(yùn)氣，看看能不能弄到門(mén)票，還有前往別忘了你的回程票——否則的話你會(huì)與其他跟你嘗試同樣事情的人一起陷入交通堵塞中。
Drive the Romantic Road
Stretching from Würzburg in the north of Bavaria to Füssen in the south, the 300-plus kilometers of Germany’s Romantic Road is another of the most famous things to do in Germany. A historic and scenic trade route, the Romantic Road takes visitors past medieval walled towns, alongside vineyards, past palaces and castles, and through quaint villages, all providing an excellent insight into the region's history, art and culture. Whether you’re looking for a romantic getaway, hiking trails, German cuisine or a few ski slopes, you’re likely to find it all along the Romantic Road!
開(kāi)車經(jīng)過(guò)浪漫之路
從巴伐利亞北部維爾茨堡一直延伸到富森的南邊，這條300 多公里的德國(guó)浪漫之路是另一件要在德國(guó)做的最著名的事情。這是一條充滿古跡和風(fēng)景的路線，浪漫之路會(huì)帶游客經(jīng)過(guò)中世紀(jì)城墻環(huán)繞的老城，經(jīng)過(guò)葡萄園，過(guò)去的宮殿和城堡，最后穿過(guò)古樸的村莊，所有這一切能夠讓你深入了解該地區(qū)的歷史、藝術(shù)和文化。無(wú)論你在尋找的是浪漫之旅、遠(yuǎn)足小徑、德國(guó)美食，或是滑雪場(chǎng)，在浪漫之路上你能找到所有的這一切。
Baked Fish Festival (Backfischfest)
Don’t be put off by the name – of either the festival or the city. Head to the city of Worms in Rhineland-Palatinate (Western Germany) in late August to celebrate the traditional Baked Fish Festival (Backfischfest) – the biggest wine, food and folk festival on the banks of the Rhine. Dedicated to the Fishermen’s Guild, Germany’s oldest such organization, the Backfischfest includes activities such as a lantern procession, a tug o’ war competition, jousting, and the traditional housewives’ afternoon.
烤魚(yú)節(jié) (蘇格蘭威士忌體驗(yàn))
千萬(wàn)不要被這個(gè)名字嚇到，不管是被“節(jié)日”或“城市”嚇到。8月下旬前往沃爾姆斯的萊茵蘭-普法爾茨(位于德國(guó)西部)，來(lái)慶祝傳統(tǒng)的烤魚(yú)節(jié)(蘇格蘭威士忌體驗(yàn)) ，這里有最大的葡萄酒、美食和萊茵河兩岸的民間節(jié)日。漁民協(xié)會(huì)是德國(guó)最古老的組織，烤魚(yú)節(jié)的活動(dòng)還有燈籠游行，拖船競(jìng)賽，拔河，以及傳統(tǒng)家庭主婦的下午等等。
The Cologne Karneval
Each year, at 11 minutes past 11 on the 11th of November (the time and date of the truce that ended fighting in World War I in 1918), carnival season is declared open – and there is no better place to join in the revelry than in Cologne (K?ln). In one of Germany’s most popular student cities, the streets come alive during ‘Karneval’, with processions, concerts and colorful costumes.
Traditionally coinciding with Easter celebrations, the week-long street festival is timed to fall between Fat Thursday and Ash Wednesday in the Lent calendar and has thus become almost as important a date in the party calendar as Oktoberfest. One of the top things to do in Germany at Eastertime, the Cologne Karneval is just one of many similar festivals happening up and down the country.
科隆狂歡節(jié)
每年，在11月11日11分11秒時(shí)(這個(gè)時(shí)間和日期是第一次世界大戰(zhàn)于1918年的休戰(zhàn)時(shí)間)，狂歡節(jié)宣布開(kāi)放——再也沒(méi)有在科隆加入狂歡更好的地方了。科隆是德國(guó)最受歡迎的留學(xué)城市之一，在狂歡節(jié)期間，整個(gè)街上都會(huì)熱鬧非凡，你會(huì)被淹沒(méi)在游行、音樂(lè)會(huì)和五顏六色的服裝里。
傳統(tǒng)上適逢復(fù)活節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)，有為期一周的街頭藝術(shù)節(jié)，藝術(shù)節(jié)會(huì)在大齋周四飽餐日和圣灰星期三之間，因而這樣幾乎成為慕尼黑啤酒節(jié)日中最重要的日子。在德國(guó)復(fù)活節(jié)期間一定要做的一件事情就是參加一個(gè)狂歡節(jié)，科隆狂歡節(jié)只是其中之一，德國(guó)全國(guó)還有很多類似的節(jié)日。
Experience the bustling maritime city of Hamburg
Not only is it Germany’s second-largest city, Hamburg is also the country’s wealthiest city. Its identity is bound up in a maritime history which has successfully secured Hamburg’s place as the world’s third-busiest port (behindLondon and New York). Perhaps not quite as well-known as German cities such as Berlin, Frankfurt and Munich, Hamburg is certainly well worth a visit, if only to take in the completely different feel it has. There are the buildings shaped like ocean liners, the artificial river beaches, gothic warehouses and fish markets. Visit Hamburg and find out why almost 1.8 million people call this German city home!
體驗(yàn)海上繁華城市漢堡
漢堡不僅僅是德國(guó)的第二大城市，它還是這個(gè)國(guó)家最富有的城市。在海運(yùn)的歷史中，漢堡有著非常重要的地位，這是世界上第三繁忙的港口(位居在倫敦和紐約之后) 。也許漢堡不像德國(guó)的柏林、法蘭克福、慕尼黑等城市一樣著名，但是漢堡仍然是非常值得一看的，如果你想體驗(yàn)德國(guó)城市不同的感覺(jué)。在漢堡有的建筑形狀像遠(yuǎn)洋客輪、人工河灘、哥特式倉(cāng)庫(kù)和魚(yú)市場(chǎng)。你一定要親自來(lái)漢堡看一看，并且找出為什么將近180萬(wàn)人把這個(gè)德國(guó)城市叫做家的原因。
7. Staying in Germany after your studies
Finally, after studying in Germany, you’ll have the chance to stay on and seek work after you graduate. The law allows international graduates to stay for an additional 18 months to seek work, and you may even end up staying longer, if that is what you wish.
7、完成學(xué)業(yè)后留在德國(guó)
最后，當(dāng)你在德國(guó)完成學(xué)業(yè)后，你會(huì)在畢業(yè)后有機(jī)會(huì)繼續(xù)留在這里找工作。法律允許國(guó)際畢業(yè)生再多待18個(gè)月的時(shí)間，用來(lái)找工作，如果你想要的話，你最終可能會(huì)在德國(guó)待上更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。
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