英語句子的成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語及獨立成分等，下面是出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為大家整理的關(guān)于“英語句子成分分析”，歡迎大家閱讀，更多資訊盡在實用資料欄目！
小學(xué)英語句子成分分析
一、主語
1、主語表示某人(做某事)，某物(怎么樣)，是謂語描述的對象。
2、主語一般位于句首。
如 Harry Potter is the hero in this book. 哈利·波特是這本書的主人公。(Harry Potter是主語)
二、謂語
1、謂語表示(某人)做某事，(某物)怎么樣，用于說明主語。
2、謂語一般位于主語之后。
3、謂語與主語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。
如 I saw Andy yesterday. 我昨天看到安迪了。(saw是謂語)
三、賓語
1、賓語表示的是動作、行為的對象。
2、賓語一般位于及物動詞的后面。
如 Andy often helps his classmates. 安迪經(jīng)常幫助他的同學(xué)。(classmates是賓語)
四、表語
1、表語表示是什么，怎么樣，用于說明主語的特征，狀態(tài)等。
2、表語位于系動詞之后。
如 Andy and I are friends. 安迪和我是朋友。(friends是表語)
五、定語
1、定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，用來說明名詞的品質(zhì)與特征。
2、定語大多前置，有時也可以后置。
如 Andy is an intelligent boy. 安迪是個聰明的男孩。(intelligent是定語)
六、狀語
1、狀語表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式、程度、條件等。
2、狀語可以位于句首，句中或句末。
如 Andy did his homework carefully. 安迪認(rèn)真地做家庭作業(yè)。(carefully是狀語)
七、賓語補足語
1、賓語補足語用來補充說明賓語，使賓語的意思更完整。
2、賓語補足語一般位于賓語之后。
如 His blame made Andy cry. 他的責(zé)備讓安迪哭了。(Andy是賓語，cry是賓語補足語)
初中英語句子成分分析
英語句子成分一：主語
一、主語(subject): 句子說明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名詞)
He likes dancing. (代詞)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)
Seeing is believing. (動名詞)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主語從句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語)
英語句子成分二：謂語
二、謂語(predicate):說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
英語句子成分三：表語
表語(predicative):系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。
He is a teacher. (名詞)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代詞)
Five and five is ten. (數(shù)詞)
He is asleep. (形容詞)
His father is in. (副詞)
The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表語從句)
常見的系動詞有: be, sound(聽起來)， look(看起來)， feel(摸起來)，smell(聞起來)，
taste(嘗、吃起來)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感覺) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
英語句子成分四：賓語
1)動作的承受者——動賓
I like China. (名詞)
He hates you. (代詞)
How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (動名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (賓語從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞——介賓
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
英語句子成分五：賓補
賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。
We elected him monitor. (名詞)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容詞)
We found nobody in. (副詞)
Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (帶to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (過去分詞)
英語句子成分六：主補
主補：對主語的補充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. www.oh100.com
英語句子成分七：定語
定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
He is our friend. (代詞)
We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (過去分詞)
I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定語從句)
英語句子成分八：狀語
狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。
(以下例句按上述順序排列) I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
高中英語句子成分分析
句子是按照一定的語法規(guī)律組成的，表達一個完整的意義。一個句子一般由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語部分和謂語部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語，定語，狀語，表語、同位語等。
一.主語：
主語(subject) 是一個句子的主題( theme)， 是句子所述說的主體、對象。它的位置一般在一句之首?？捎米髦髡Z的有一個單詞、短語、從句乃至句子。
1.名詞作主語。 如：A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵樹倒下橫在路上。)
Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)
2.代詞用作主語。如：He told a joke but it fell flat. (他說了個笑話，但沒有引人發(fā)笑)
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation. 假期里大家都過得很愉快。
3.數(shù)詞用作主語。如：Three is enough. 三個就夠了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7減4余3。
4.名詞化的形容詞用作主語。
The old and the young are taken good care of in that village.
5.副詞用作主語(極少見)。如：Now is the time. 現(xiàn)在是時候了。
6.名詞化的介詞作主語。如：The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.
我們必須承受人生之沉浮。
7.不定式用作主語。 如：To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一個問題。
It is impossible to defeat a person who never gives up.要打敗一個永不放棄的人是不可能的。
8. 動名詞用作主語。如：Smoking is bad for you. 吸煙對你有害。
Watching a film is pleasure, while making one is hard work. 看電影是樂事,制作影片則是苦事.
9. 名詞化的過去分詞用作主語。如：The disabled are to receive more money.
殘疾人將得到更多的救濟金。 The unemployed got much help from the government.
10. 介詞短語用作主語。如：To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很遠。
From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.從延安到南泥灣騎馬要三個小時。
11. 從句用作主語。如:
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
What caused the accident has been found out..
Whatever you did is right.
What we need is time.
為了防止句子頭重腳輕，通常把形式主語it放在主語位置，真正主語(從句)擱置于句末 It is certain that he will win the match.
It is strange that he should do that.
It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
It is said that he has gone to shanghai.
It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
It seems that he has seen the film.
It happened that the two cheats were there.
12.句子用作主語。如：“How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句問候語。
二.謂語
謂語(predicate) 或謂語動詞(predicate verb)是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，其位置一般在主語之后。謂語由簡單動詞或動詞短語(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞+主要動詞)構(gòu)成。
1.由簡單的動詞構(gòu)成。
(1). What happened? 發(fā)生了什么事?
(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。
(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飛機是十點起飛的。
2.由動詞短語構(gòu)成的謂語。
(1). I am reading. 我在看書。
(2). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。
(3). Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
湯姆，你太懶惰了，這項工作本來應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。
3.英語常用某些動作名詞代替表動態(tài)的謂語動詞，表生動。這種動作名詞之前常用沒有多大意義的動詞have, get, take, give 等。如：
(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水(had a swim 代替了swam)
(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那個!(take a look 代替了 look)
(3). He gave a sigh. 他嘆了口氣。(gave a sigh 代替了sighed)
(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震動。(a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，徹底的))
謂語是句子的靈魂，謂語的變化可以反映：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等，這也是高中語法最重要的內(nèi)容。
三.表語
表語的功能是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。它也可以說是一種主語補語。它位于聯(lián)系動詞之后，與之構(gòu)成所謂的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。在系表結(jié)構(gòu)鐘，聯(lián)系動詞只是形式上的謂語，二真正起謂語作用的則是表語。可以作表語的詞有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。
1.The wedding was that Sunday. 婚禮是在那個星期天舉行的。(名詞)
2.So that’s that. 就是這樣。(代詞)
3.We are seven. 我們一共7人。(數(shù)詞)
4.Are you busy? 你有空嗎?(形容詞)
5.Are you there? 你在聽嗎?(電話用語)(副詞)
Is anybody in? 里面有人嗎? (副詞)
6.All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。(不定式)
My answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose.
我對他的威脅的回答是照他的鼻子打去。(不定式)
7.Seeing is believing. 百聞不如一見 /眼見為實(動名詞)
8.I was so much surprised at it. 我對此事感到很驚訝。(過去分詞)
I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我對他所做的很滿意。(過去分詞)
9.She is in good health. 她很健康。(介詞短語)
The show is from seven till ten. 演出時間為7點至10點。(介詞短語)
10.Is that why you were angry? 這就是你發(fā)怒的原因嗎?(從句)
11.This is where I first met her. 這就是我初次與她會面的地方。(從句)
12. The reason why he didn't come to school is that he got ill.
他沒有來上學(xué)的原因是他生病了。
13. What I want is what he has got.
補充：
除了系動詞be外，還有些能做系動詞的實義動詞，也稱為半系動詞，其后也要接形容詞做表語： come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表變化的動詞)
fell，sound ,smell , look , taste (感觀動詞)
seem, appear (似乎，好像)
例如：
1.Our dream has come true. 我的夢想實現(xiàn)了。(Come后常加 easy , loose, natural 等)
2. He fell sick. 他病了。
3. Keep fit.保重。 Keep作為系動詞還常接quiet ，calm ，cool，warm ，silent，clean，dry
3.The well ran dry. 這口井干枯了。(short , loose , wild , cold 等)
4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.
一個瘦個子似乎比他的實際高度要高些。
四.賓語
賓語(object)在句中主要充當(dāng)動作、行為、活動的對象、接受者或受影響者。因此一般皆置于及物動詞之后。如：
Our team beat all the others. 我們的球隊打敗了所有其他球隊。
可以用作賓語的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的分詞、從句等。
1.Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯嗎?(名詞)
2.They won’t hurt us. 他們不會傷害我們。(代詞)
3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。(數(shù)詞)。
4.I shall do my possible. 我將盡力而為。(名詞化形容詞)
5.He left there last week. 他上個星期離開了那里。(副詞)
6.Does she really want to leave home? 她真的要離開家嗎?(不定式)
7. We do not allow / permit smoking in the kitchen. 我們不允許在廚房里吸煙。(動名詞)
8.He never did the unexpected. 他從不做使人感到意外的事。(名詞化的分詞)
9.Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思嗎?(從句)
10. He told me that he would go to the college the next year. 他告訴我他明年上大學(xué)
11. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會有公交車.
12. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.
13. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲?
14. Have you determined whichever you should buy ,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?
15. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面
擴展 + 歸納：
一、賓語中有些動詞需要兩個同等的賓語，即直接賓語(direct object)與間接賓語(indirect object)。直接賓語一般指動作的承受者，間接賓語指動作所向的或所為的人和物(多指人)，具有這種雙賓語的及物動詞叫做與格動詞(dative verb), 常用的有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等，了一個職位。動詞后面跟雙賓語時可以采用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
A、 動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)。如：Please show me your passport.
B、 動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to, 如：
Please show your passport to me.但動詞是make, buy, get, cook, borrow, sing時,介詞用for.如： Please make me a kite. = Please make a kite for me.
C、還有少數(shù)動詞+sb.+ of + sth。如：
① inform sb.of sth. ② remind sb.of sth.
③ rid sb.of sth ④ warn sb.of sth.
⑤ rob sb.of sth ⑥ cheat sb.of sth.
⑦ cure sb.of sth. ⑧ accuse/charge sb.of sth.
二、以下是需要強化記憶的：
A：習(xí)慣上要接不定式作賓語且不能接動名詞作賓語的動詞有：
afford 付得起 agree 同意 apply 申請 arrange 安排 ask 要求
care 想要 choose 決定 decide 決定 demand 要求 desire 請求
determine 決心 expect 期待 help 幫助 hope 希望 intend 打算
manage 設(shè)法 offer 主動提出 plan 計劃 prepare 準(zhǔn)備 pretend 假裝
promise 答應(yīng) refuse 拒絕 want 想要 wish 希望 fail 失敗
B：習(xí)慣上要接動名詞作賓語且不能接不定式作賓語的動詞有：
admit 承認(rèn) advise 建議 allow 允許 appreciate 感激 suggest 建議
avoid 避免 consider 考慮 delay 推遲 deny 否認(rèn) stop 停止
discuss 討論 dislike 不喜歡 enjoy 喜愛 escape 逃脫 risk 冒險
excuse 原諒 fancy 設(shè)想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止 report 報告
forgive 原諒 give up 放棄 imagine 想像 keep 保持 put off 推遲
mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 沒趕上 pardon 原諒
permit允許 practise 練習(xí) prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止
請看以下典型用例：
I admit breaking the window. 我承認(rèn)窗子是我打破的。
I appreciate being given this opportunity. 非常感謝給了我這個機會。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及這個問題，以免觸犯他。
He suggested taking the children to the zoo. 他提議帶孩子們?nèi)游飯@。
【說明】advise, allow, forbid, permit等動詞之后，雖然不能直接跟不定式作賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補足語。如：
The doctor advised me to stay in for a few days. 醫(yī)生囑我在家休息幾天。
The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted. 護士讓他留在那兒，而按規(guī)定那是不許可的。
而有些動詞(如consider, understand, discuss)則可接“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語。如：
Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考慮過如何到那兒去?
She doesn’t understand how to look after him. 她不知道應(yīng)如何照顧他。
We discussed what to do and where we should go. 我們討論了該怎么辦及到哪里去。
C：既可接不定式也可接動名詞作賓語、兩者意思基本相同，有時甚至可以互換的動詞主要有：
有的動詞既可后接不定式作賓語，也可后接動名詞作賓語，
like 喜歡 love 喜歡 hate 憎恨 prefer 寧可
begin 開始 start 開始 continue 繼續(xù) can’t bear 不能忍受
bother 麻煩 intend 打算 attempt 試圖 cease 停止
請看以下典型用例：
They continued to meet [meeting] daily. 他們繼續(xù)每天都見面。
I like keeping [to keep] everything tidy. 我喜歡將每件東西都保持整潔。
She never ceased complaining [to complain] about prices. 她沒完沒了地抱怨物價。
【注意】當(dāng) like, love, hate, prefer 與 would, should 連用時，其后習(xí)慣上只能接不定式，不能接動名詞。
D、既可接不定式也可接動名詞作賓語、兩者意思不相同的動詞主要有：
(1) remember(記得)，forget(忘記)，regret(后悔)后接不定式指該不定式所表示的動作還未發(fā)生，后接動名詞(有時可用完成式)，則指該動名詞所表示的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。比較：
Remember to turn out the lights before you go to bed. 臨睡前別忘了關(guān)燈。
I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers. 我記得在報紙上看過關(guān)于這次地震的消息。
Don’t forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so. 別忘了過一小時左右把煤氣關(guān)小點兒。
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永不會忘記第一次看見長城的情景。
I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉，那個工作已經(jīng)有人做了。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn’t have said it. 我懊悔講了我講的話。我是不應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣講的。
(2) try 后接不定式表示設(shè)法做某事，接動名詞表示做某事試試(看有什么效果)。如：
You shouldn’t try to leave the restaurant without paying. 你不應(yīng)該試圖不付賬就離開飯店。
You really must try to overcome your shyness 你確實需要努力克服你的靦腆。
(3) mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事，接動名詞表示意味著(要)做某事。如：
To mean to do something and to actually do something are two different things. 打算做一件事和實際上做一件事完全是兩回事。
If we mean to catch the early bus, that means getting up before five. 要想趕早班車，我們就得在5點鐘以前起床。
(4) stop 后接動名詞表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事(注意：后接不定式時，不定式不是賓語，而是目的狀語)。如：
He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止講話，房里一點聲音也沒有了。
The bus stopped to take on more passengers. 公共汽車停下讓乘客上車。
(5) can't help后接動名詞表示禁不住去做某事，接不定式表示不能幫助做某事。如：
She’s a funny girl, but yet you can’t help liking her. 她是一個奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住會喜歡她。
The medicine can't help to get rid of your cold. 這藥不能幫你治好感冒。(from www.nmet168.com)
(6) go on 后接不定式表示做完某事后接著做另一事，接動名詞表示繼續(xù)做正在做的事。如：
The minister went on talking for two hours. 部長一連談了兩個小時。
The minister went on to talk about foreign policy. 部長接著就談外交政策。
【專項訓(xùn)練】
01. I mustn’t annoy my boss because I can’t afford ______ my job.
A. losing B. to lose C. to have lost D. having lost
02. We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7.30, but he failed ______.
A. to turn up B. to turn down C. turning up D. turning down
03. I wouldn’t have offered ______ the plants if I’d known there were so many.
A. to water B. watering C. watered D. to have watered
04. Imagine ______ the answer to such an easy question!
A. not to know B. not knowing C. to not know D. not knew
05. They shouldn’t allow ______ here; the street is too narrow.
A. to park B. parked C. being parked D. parking
06. She imagined ______ into the office and ______ everyone what she thought of them.
A. walking, telling B. to walk, to tell C. to walk, telling D. walking, to tell
07. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested ______ at the next town.
A. to stop B. stopped C. stopping D. having stopped
08. It annoys me when people forget ______ thank you.
A. saying B. having saying C. to say D. to have said
09. I forgot ______ a pen. Can you lend me one?
A. bringing B. to bring C. having brought D. to have brought
10. If you’re writing to your mother, don’t forget ______ something about her coming to stay.
A. to put in B. putting in C. to gave put in D. having put in
11. We regret ______ passengers that the l4.50 train for Cardiff will leave about 37 minutes late.
A. to inform B. informing C. informed D. having informed
12. She stopped ______ about her illness and went on ______ us about all her other problems.
A. talking, telling B. to talk, to tell C. talking, to tell D. to talk, telling
13. He began by ______ us where the island was and went on ______ us about its climate.
A. showing, telling B. to show, to tell C. showing, to tell D. to show, telling
14. — Robert is indeed a wise man.
— Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!
A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking
15. — Can I smoke here?
— Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here.
A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking
【參考答案】01—05 BAABD 06—10 ACCBA 11—15 ACCDD
五.補語
補語(complement)是一種補足主語和賓語的意義的句子成分。補足主語意義的句子成分叫做主語補語(subject complement),補足賓語意義的句子成分叫做賓語補語(object complement). 在英語中有些及物動詞，接了賓語意義仍不完整，還需要有一個其他的句子成分，來補充說明賓語的意義、狀態(tài)或者說補充說明賓語是什么、怎么樣或做什么等，稱為賓語補足語，簡稱賓補。
(1).形容詞用作主語補語是常置于主語之前，后有逗號。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困，就去睡了。
有時可以置于主語之后，前后都有逗號，與非限定性定語相似。如：
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings.
那人不可置疑地殘酷，不聽取他們的懇求。
(2).可以用做賓語補語的有名詞、形容詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語等
1.They named the child Jimmy. 他們將孩子命名為吉米。(名詞用作賓補)
2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister.
我的母親面很嫩，你會以為她是我的姐姐(名詞短語作賓補)
3. He boiled the egg hard. 她將雞蛋煮老了。(形容詞用作賓語補語)
4.I found the book very interesting.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那本書很有趣。(形容詞短語用作賓補)
5. We found the old lady in good health. (介詞短語作賓補)
6.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover.
同志們要白求恩大夫隱蔽一下。(不定式用作賓語補語)
7. I heard Jean singing this morning.(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補)
8. He had his wallet stolen yesterday. (過去分詞作賓補)
注：A、當(dāng)感官動詞和使役動詞，接賓補時，不定式的符號to必須省略。如：
see hear notice watch hear feel observe(感官動詞)
make have let(使役動詞)
在help后,不定式可以帶to,也可不帶。
B、主動語態(tài)中的賓補，在被動語態(tài)中則成了主語補語了。如：
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
六.定語
定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。 主要有形容詞此外還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式(短語)、分詞、定語從句或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞、短語或句子都可以作定語。
1.形容詞用作定語是大量的。
(1). She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音樂家。
(2). He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。(后置定語)
2. 名詞用作定語。如
(1). A baby girl 女嬰
(2). well water 井水
(3). Sports car 雙座輕型汽車
(4). A fool’s paradise 夢幻的天堂
3.代詞作定語。
(1). Your hair needs cutting. 你該理發(fā)了。(物主代詞用作定語)
(2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人負(fù)責(zé)就是無人負(fù)責(zé)。
(不定代詞所有格作定語)
4.數(shù)詞作定語
(1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
(2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance.
現(xiàn)在就干吧，你可能再沒有機會了。
基數(shù)詞用作后置定語： page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
5. 副詞充當(dāng)定語時常后置，如：
the room above 樓上的房間 the world today 今日世界
the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
6.不定式用作定語，后置。
(1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘記了答應(yīng)寫信的事。
(2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
7.動名詞用作定語.
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠藥
eating implements 吃飯用具 learning method 學(xué)習(xí)方法
8.分詞充當(dāng)定語
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者
a retired worker 一個退休工人 a faded flower 一朵謝了的花
9.介詞短語用作定語。
This is a map of China. 這是一幅中國地圖。
The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那兇暴的目光說明得再清楚不過了。
10.從句用作定語，即定語從句
The car that is parked outside is mine. 停在外面的車是我的。
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.
我在外面看見你的汽車了，它給另一輛車撞了。
七.同位語
當(dāng)兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時，一個句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位語(appositive).這兩個句子成分多由名詞(代詞)擔(dān)任，同位語通常皆放在其說明的名詞(代詞)之后。
1.名詞用作同位語是大量的。
(1). We have two children, a boy and a girl.我們有兩個孩子，一男一女。
(2)We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我們中國人民決心將中國建成一個強大的繁榮的國家。
2.代詞用作同位語。
They all wanted to see him. 他們都想見他。
Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱們倆去工作吧。
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary.
You’ll have to do it yourself. 你得自己去干。
He himself doesn’t know why.
3.數(shù)詞用作同位語。
(1)。Are you two ready?你們倆準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?
(2)。They two went, we three stayed behind.他們倆去了，我們?nèi)齻€留了下來。
4.不定式與動名詞用作同位語。
(1)。Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他們最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提議遭到了某些人的反對。
(2)。The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.
第一個計劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。
5.Of 短語用作同位語
The city of Rome 羅馬城 the art of writing 寫作藝術(shù)
The vice of smoking 吸煙嗜好
6.從句用同位語，即同位語從句
(1)。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
明天放假的消息不確。
(2)。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可信賴的問題。
八.狀語
狀語(adverbial)是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句的句子成分。。如：
1.The girl is improving remarkably. 這個女孩大有進步。
2.可用作狀語的有副詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。
(1)副詞最常用作狀語，位置比較靈活，可置句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well.
這種語言，他講得不好，但閱讀能力很強。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors.
當(dāng)我們期望旅館的旅客把房門鎖上。
3.狀語按用途來分，可以分為時間、地點、方式、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨等
(1)。時間狀語，多位于句末和句首，有時亦可置于句中
Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
In China now leads the world.
(2).地點狀語，多置于句末，有時也位于句首和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
She kissed her mother on the platform(月臺).
(3)。原因狀語，包括表理由的狀語，多置于句末，有時亦可置于句首。
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.
I eat potatoes because I like them.
(4). 結(jié)果狀語，多由不定式、分詞和從句表示，常位于句末。
She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.
She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
(5). 目的狀語，多由不定式、介詞短語和從句等表示，常位于句末，強調(diào)時可以置于句首。
He ran for shelter(隱蔽處).他跑去避雨。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
(6). 條件狀語。多由短語和從句表示，常置于句末和句首。
We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.
If he were to come, what should we say to him?
(7). 讓步狀語，由短語和從句表示，常置于句末和句首。
For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他盡管有錢，但似乎并不幸福。
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
(8).程度狀語。常由副詞、介詞短語及從句等表示。
The lecture is very interesting.
To what extent would you trust them? 你對他們信任程度如何?
(9)。伴隨狀語，常由短語和獨立主格等表示。對位于句末和句首。
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.
He stood there ,pipe(煙斗) in mouth.
小編精心推薦：
古風(fēng) 唯美 傷感 勵志 溫暖 心痛 經(jīng)典 愛情 憂傷 失戀 失望 幸福 搞笑 正能量
心累 心煩 后悔 難過 想你 心碎 抒情 感情 友情 感動 想念 心酸 好聽 心情好
春天 夏天 秋天 冬天 感慨人生 關(guān)于友誼 關(guān)于夢想 離別傷感 表達愛意 句子大全
小編精心推薦：
古風(fēng) 唯美 傷感 勵志 溫暖 心痛 經(jīng)典 愛情 憂傷 失戀 失望 幸福 搞笑 正能量
心累 心煩 后悔 難過 想你 心碎 抒情 感情 友情 感動 想念 心酸 好聽 心情好
春天 夏天 秋天 冬天 感慨人生 關(guān)于友誼 關(guān)于夢想 離別傷感 表達愛意 句子大全