2018年美國最佳醫(yī)學(xué)院排名已經(jīng)出爐，很多同學(xué)都想了解該排名究竟的排名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)究竟是什么?那么跟著出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)來一起了解一下2018年QS美國最佳醫(yī)學(xué)院排名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)介紹吧，歡迎閱讀。
For the U.S. News rankings of the Best Medical Schools for Research, the 140 medical schools fully accredited in 2016 by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education and the 30 schools of osteopathic medicine fully accredited in 2016 by the American Osteopathic Association were surveyed in fall 2016 and early 2017. Of those schools, 118 responded and provided the data needed to calculate the rankings based on the indicators used in the medical school research model.The same 170 medical schools were surveyed at the same time for the primary care rankings, and the same 118 schools provided the data needed to calculate those rankings.
U.S. News最佳研究生醫(yī)學(xué)院排名，是在2016年秋季和2016年初調(diào)查了2016年完全認(rèn)可的140所醫(yī)學(xué)院教育聯(lián)絡(luò)委員會和骨科醫(yī)學(xué)的30所學(xué)校充分認(rèn)可2016年美國骨科協(xié)會之后而得出的相應(yīng)的排名。在我們調(diào)查的學(xué)校中，有118家做出了回應(yīng)，并提供了根據(jù)醫(yī)學(xué)院研究模型所使用的指標(biāo)來計算排名所需的數(shù)據(jù)。同時對170所醫(yī)學(xué)院進行了初級保健排名的調(diào)查，118所學(xué)校提供了計算這些排名所需的數(shù)據(jù)。這兩個排名都是基于一個加權(quán)平均的指標(biāo)，下面列出。醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究模式基于8個指標(biāo)，初級護理模型基于7個指標(biāo)。在研究和初級護理的排名模型中使用了4個數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)。這些數(shù)據(jù)包括是學(xué)生選擇性入學(xué)統(tǒng)計(MCAT,GPA和學(xué)校的錄取率)和教員學(xué)生比率。研究活動中的醫(yī)學(xué)院校研究模型因素;醫(yī)學(xué)院初級護理模式增加了醫(yī)學(xué)碩士畢業(yè)生進入初級保健專業(yè)的比例。>>>2018年QS美國最佳醫(yī)學(xué)院排名TOP100
一、質(zhì)量評估(權(quán)重為0.40)
1.同行評比分?jǐn)?shù)(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.20分;0.25用于初級保健醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模型)
In fall 2016, medical and osteopathic school deans, deans of academic affairs and heads of internal medicine or directors of admissions were asked to rate programs on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding). Those individuals who did not know enough about a school to evaluate it fairly were asked to mark "don't know."Respondents were asked to rate program quality for both research and primary care programs separately on a single survey instrument. Thirty-two percent of those surveyed responded.A school's score is the average rating of all the respondents who rated it; average scores were then sorted in descending order. Responses of "don't know" counted neither for nor against a school.
在2016年秋季，醫(yī)學(xué)和骨科學(xué)院院長、學(xué)術(shù)事務(wù)主任和內(nèi)科主任或招生負責(zé)人被要求以1(最低分?jǐn)?shù))到5(最高分?jǐn)?shù))的比例對項目進行評級。那些對一所學(xué)校不夠了解的人委員會直接要求其回復(fù)“不知道”。受訪者被要求分別對一項調(diào)查工具的研究和初級護理程序質(zhì)量進行評分。百分之三十二的回應(yīng)了自己的數(shù)據(jù)。學(xué)校的分?jǐn)?shù)是所有評分者的平均評分，然后，平均分?jǐn)?shù)按降序排序?！安恢馈钡幕卮鸺炔皇菍τ谝凰髮W(xué)的肯定，也不是否定。
2.住院醫(yī)師評價評分(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.20分;0.15初級護理醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模型)
In fall 2016, as in previous years, residency program directors were also asked to rate programs using the same five-point scale on two separate survey instruments.One survey dealt with research and was sent to a sample of residency program directors in fields outside primary care, including surgery, psychiatry and radiology. The other survey involved primary care and was sent to residency directors designated by schools as mainly involved in the primary care fields of family practice, pediatrics and internal medicine.Survey recipients were asked to rate programs on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding). Those individuals who did not know enough about a program to evaluate it fairly were asked to mark "don't know."A school's score is the average rating of all the respondents who rated it in the three most recent years of survey results.
在2016年秋季與往年一樣，居民項目主任也被要求在兩個不同的測量儀器上使用相同的五分制進行評分。一項調(diào)查處理了研究，并被送到了初級保健以外的領(lǐng)域，包括外科、精神病學(xué)和放射學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的住院醫(yī)師項目主任的樣本。另一項調(diào)查涉及初級保健，并被派往學(xué)校指定的居住主任，主要涉及家庭實踐、兒科學(xué)和內(nèi)科的初級保健領(lǐng)域。調(diào)查對象被要求將項目的比例從1(最低分?jǐn)?shù))到5(最高分?jǐn)?shù))。那些對某所大學(xué)不夠了解的人會被要求去評價“不知道”?！耙凰鶎W(xué)校的分?jǐn)?shù)是所有在最近幾年的調(diào)查結(jié)果中打分的所有被調(diào)查者的平均評分?！薄安恢馈钡幕卮鸺炔皇菍τ谝凰髮W(xué)的肯定，也不是否定。醫(yī)學(xué)院自己提供了所有住院醫(yī)生項目主任的名字，這些人都是由住院醫(yī)師項目主任調(diào)查的。益普索公共事務(wù)收集用于該排名的相關(guān)評估數(shù)據(jù)。
二、研究活動
1.總研究活動(0.15)
This is measured by the total dollar amount of NIH research grants awarded to the medical school and its affiliated hospitals, averaged for 2015 and 2016. An asterisk next to this data point in the rankings tables on usnews.com indicates that the medical school did not include grants to any affiliated hospitals in its 2016 total.In the rankings of research medical schools, the weighting of the total dollar amount of grants awarded by the National Institutes of Health and of NIH grant funding per faculty member was set so that each accounts for 0.15 of the overall score.
這是由美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院在2015年和2016年平均每年向醫(yī)學(xué)院及其附屬醫(yī)院提供的研究資助總額所衡量的。在usnews.com的排行榜上，這個數(shù)據(jù)點旁邊的一個星號表明，醫(yī)學(xué)院在2016年的總數(shù)中不包括任何附屬醫(yī)院的撥款。在研究醫(yī)學(xué)院的排名中，美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院和美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院授予每一位教員的撥款總額中所占的總金額的權(quán)重被設(shè)定為0.15的總分。
2.每位教員平均研究活動(0.15)
This is measured by the dollar amount of NIH research grants awarded to the medical school and its affiliated hospitals per full-time faculty member, averaged over 2015 and 2016. Both full-time basic sciences and clinical faculty were used in the faculty count. An asterisk next to this data point in the rankings tables indicates that the medical school did not include grants to any affiliated hospitals in its 2016 total.Primary Care Rate (0.30 in the primary care medical school model only; not used in research medical school ranking model).The percentage of a school's M.D. or D.O. graduates entering primary care residencies in the fields of family practice, pediatrics and internal medicine was averaged over 2014, 2015 and 2016.
這是由美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)在2015年和2016年平均每年向醫(yī)學(xué)院及其附屬醫(yī)院提供的美國國家衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)研究資助金額衡量的。教員人數(shù)中使用了全日制的基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)和臨床教員。排行榜上的這個數(shù)據(jù)點旁邊的一個星號表明，醫(yī)學(xué)院在2016年的總數(shù)中不包括任何附屬醫(yī)院的補助金。初級護理率(0.30只在初級保健醫(yī)學(xué)院模式;未在醫(yī)學(xué)院校排名模型中使用。2014年、2015年和2016年，在家庭實踐、兒科和內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，一所學(xué)校的醫(yī)學(xué)博士或D.O.畢業(yè)生進入初級保健實習(xí)的比例均為平均水平。
三、學(xué)生選擇性(0.20研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型;0.15初級保健醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模型
1.MCAT總分(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.13)0.0975在初級保健醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模式
This is the median total Medical College Admission Test score of the 2016 entering class. In this year's rankings, both the new MCAT that was implemented starting in April 2015 and the old MCAT were used in the rankings to compute the MCAT score indicator.For both MCAT measures used in the ranking calculations, the median total scores for both the new and old versions were first converted to a common percentile scale and weighted by the proportion of the fall 2016 entering class who reported each test.On usnews.com, only users with a U.S. News Medical School Compass subscription can view the new and old MCAT scores.
這是2016年就讀總醫(yī)學(xué)院校課堂的入學(xué)考試成績的中位數(shù)。在今年的排名中，從2015年4月開始實施的新MCAT和舊的MCAT都被用于計算MCAT得分指標(biāo)。對于MCAT在排名計算中使用的兩種方法，新版本和舊版本的中值總得分首先轉(zhuǎn)換成一個普通百分比，并根據(jù)2016年秋季入學(xué)人數(shù)的比例進行加權(quán)。在usnews.com上，只有擁有美國新聞醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校Compass訂閱的用戶才能看到最新的的和過去的MCAT得分。
2.本科GPA(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.06);0.045在初級保健醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模式
This is the median undergraduate grade-point average of the 2016 entering class.
該排名中依據(jù)的是2016年入學(xué)課堂的平均本科階段平均成績。
3.學(xué)校的錄取率(研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校模型的0.01);0.0075初級護理醫(yī)學(xué)院模型
This is the proportion of applicants for the 2016 entering class who were offered admission.Faculty resources (0.10 in the research medical school model; 0.15 in the primary care medical school model): Faculty resources were measured as the ratio of full-time science and full-time clinical faculty to full-time M.D. or D.O. students in 2016.This year, U.S. News used a logarithmic transformation of the original value for the faculty-student ratio since it had a skewed distribution. This logarithmic manipulation rescaled the data and allowed for a more normalized and uniform spread of values across the indicator.After this indicator was normalized using a log value, its indicator z-score was calculated from the log values. In statistics, a z-score is a standardized score that indicates how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean of that variable. This transformation of the data is essential when combining diverse information into a single ranking because it allows for fair comparisons between the different types of data.
報名參加2016年入學(xué)申請的人數(shù)比例。教師資源(研究醫(yī)學(xué)模式的0.10;0.15在初級護理醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)校模型中:教師資源是作為全日制科學(xué)和全日制臨床教員在2016年全職醫(yī)學(xué)博士或D.O.學(xué)生的比率。今年，《U.S. News》使用的是教員學(xué)生比率的原始價值的對數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換，因為它的分布是不對稱的。這個對數(shù)操作重新調(diào)整了數(shù)據(jù)，并允許在整個指示器上實現(xiàn)更規(guī)范化、更均勻的值分布。在使用日志值對該指示器進行規(guī)范化之后，它的指示器z分?jǐn)?shù)是從日志值中計算出來的。在統(tǒng)計學(xué)中，z分?jǐn)?shù)是一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的分?jǐn)?shù)，表示一個數(shù)據(jù)點從這個變量的平均值中有多少個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差。當(dāng)將不同的信息組合成一個排序時，數(shù)據(jù)的這種轉(zhuǎn)換非常重要，因為它允許對不同類型的數(shù)據(jù)進行公平的比較。
四、其他內(nèi)容
Overall Rank;Indicators were standardized about their means, and standardized scores were weighted, totaled and rescaled so that the top school received 100; other schools received their percentage of the top score. Medical schools were then numerically ranked in descending order based on their scores.
綜合排名;指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化得分加權(quán)、綜合、重點學(xué)院使頂尖學(xué)校獲得100分;其他學(xué)校也獲得了最高分。然后，根據(jù)他們的分?jǐn)?shù)，醫(yī)學(xué)院被按順序升降排列。
Specialty Rankings:These rankings, which include rural medicine and women's health, are based solely on ratings by medical school deans and senior faculty from the list of schools surveyed. They each identified up to 10 schools offering the best programs in each specialty area.Those schools receiving the most votes in each specialty are numerically ranked in descending order based on the number of nominations they received, as long as the school or program received seven or more nominations in that specialty area. This means that schools ranked at the bottom of each specialty ranking have received at least seven nominations.
專業(yè)排名:這些排名，包括農(nóng)村醫(yī)學(xué)和婦女健康，都是基于醫(yī)學(xué)院院長和高級教師在被調(diào)查學(xué)校名單上的排名。他們分別列出了10所提供每個專業(yè)領(lǐng)域最佳項目的學(xué)校。在每一專業(yè)中獲得最多選票的學(xué)校根據(jù)所獲提名的數(shù)量，按順序按降序排列，只要學(xué)?；蝽椖吭谠搶I(yè)領(lǐng)域獲得7項或更多的提名。這意味著各專業(yè)排名墊底的學(xué)校至少獲得了七項提名。
Rank Not Published:For both research medical schools and primary care medical schools, we have numerically ranked the top three-fourths of the schools. The bottom quarter of the research medical schools and primary care medical schools are listed as Rank Not Published.Rank Not Published means that U.S. News calculated a numerical rank for that school but decided for editorial reasons not to publish it. U.S. News will supply schools listed as Rank Not Published with their numerical ranks if they submit a request following the procedures listed in the Information for School Officials.Schools marked as Ranked Not Published are listed alphabetically.
未公布的排名:無論是研究醫(yī)學(xué)院還是初級保健醫(yī)學(xué)院，我們都在數(shù)字上排名前四分之三的學(xué)校。研究醫(yī)學(xué)院校和初級保健醫(yī)學(xué)院的下四分之一被列為未發(fā)表的排名。排名沒有公布意味著U.S. News 為該學(xué)校計算了一個數(shù)字排名，但決定不公布它的編輯理由。U.S. News 將向被列為排名沒有公布的學(xué)校提供排名，如果他們按照學(xué)校官員信息中列出的程序提交申請。未公布的學(xué)校按字母順序排列。
Unranked:If a school is marked as Unranked, that means that U.S. News did not calculate a numerical rank because the school did not supply enough key statistical data to be numerically ranked. Unranked schools are listed alphabetically below those marked as Rank Not Published.
不排名:如果一所學(xué)校被標(biāo)記為未排名，那就意味著U.S. News 拍種種沒有計算出一個數(shù)字排名，因為學(xué)校沒有提供足夠的關(guān)鍵統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)進行數(shù)字排名。未排名的學(xué)校按字母順序排列位于在未公布具體排名大學(xué)的下方。
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