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2018中考英語語法：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是英語中應(yīng)用最廣泛的時(shí)態(tài)之一，是中考復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。它表示：
(1)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
(2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
(3)表示客觀真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.
其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序，即“主語+謂語+其它”，有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，時(shí)間狀語也可提前.其句式變化可分為兩種情況 ：
(1)表示動(dòng)作，一般人稱作主語的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?
(2) 單三人稱做主語的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesn’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化. E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student. Is Danny a good student?
其時(shí)間狀語為often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞，on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。
做題時(shí)常見錯(cuò)誤如下：
一、be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中
例：We are plant the trees in spring.
答案：plant
解析：學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語的思維方式去翻譯，就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語最忌諱的，要看語法是不是正確，在英語中，be是表狀態(tài)，do是表動(dòng)作，兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中，可記住如下口訣：“英漢語言有差異，be 、do不能放一起，仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析，語法千萬要牢記。”
專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：
一、 單選
1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has
3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
答案：1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B
二、填空
1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.
2 _____your sister_____(know)English?
3 Her home____ _____ ______(遠(yuǎn)離 )her school.
4 The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?
8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
答案：1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look
5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play
二、單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)
例：1 He plaies football very well.
2 Danny gos to school at 7:10.
答案：1 plays 2 goes
解析：1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;
2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同，變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.
三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)
例：1 Does Jenny has a good friend?
2 Brian doesn’t lives in China.
答案：1 Does have 2 doesn’t live
解析：?jiǎn)稳朔Q做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí)，可記住如下口訣：“見助動(dòng)，用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)
例：We don’t our homework in the afternoon.
答案：don’t do
解析：do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞，它有三個(gè)含義:
(a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱;
(b)是助動(dòng)詞，無實(shí)義;
(c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做”，not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，故須在do前加助動(dòng)詞don’t。
五、對(duì)主語的數(shù)判斷有誤
例： Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個(gè)人在北京”，但with在此做伴隨狀語，不能做主語，故用is.
另外，賓語從句中，從句部分若是表示客觀真理，不管主句是何時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
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