2018中考英語語法:一般現(xiàn)在時

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    2018中考英語語法:一般現(xiàn)在時
    一般現(xiàn)在時是英語中應用最廣泛的時態(tài)之一,是中考復習的重點。它表示:
    (1)經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
    (2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
    (3)表示客觀真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.
    其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序,即“主語+謂語+其它”,有時為了起強調(diào)作用,時間狀語也可提前.其句式變化可分為兩種情況 :
    (1)表示動作,一般人稱作主語的,變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞don’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?
    (2) 單三人稱做主語的,變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞doesn’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well?
    含有be動詞的要在be上做變化. E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student. Is Danny a good student?
    其時間狀語為often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。
    做題時常見錯誤如下:
    一、be動詞與行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在句子中
    例:We are plant the trees in spring.
    答案:plant
    解析:學生往往會用漢語的思維方式去翻譯,就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學習英語最忌諱的,要看語法是不是正確,在英語中,be是表狀態(tài),do是表動作,兩種動詞不能同時出現(xiàn)在句子中,可記住如下口訣:“英漢語言有差異,be 、do不能放一起,仔細琢磨細分析,語法千萬要牢記?!?BR>    專項練習:
    一、 單選
    1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
    A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
    2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
    A have B there is C there are D has
    3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
    A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain
    4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
    A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
    5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
    A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
    6 Jenny____ English every evening.
    A has study B studies C study D studied
    答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B
    二、填空
    1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.
    2 _____your sister_____(know)English?
    3 Her home____ _____ ______(遠離 )her school.
    4 The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
    5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
    6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
    7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?
    8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
    答案:1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look
    5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play
    二、單三人稱形式易出錯
    例:1 He plaies football very well.
    2 Danny gos to school at 7:10.
    答案:1 plays 2 goes
    解析:1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;
    2與名詞變復數(shù)不同,變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.
    三、在句式變換時易出錯
    例:1 Does Jenny has a good friend?
    2 Brian doesn’t lives in China.
    答案:1 Does have 2 doesn’t live
    解析:單三人稱做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時做句式變化時,可記住如下口訣:“見助動,用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
    四、對do的理解易出錯
    例:We don’t our homework in the afternoon.
    答案:don’t do
    解析:do是一個比較難理解的詞,它有三個含義:
    (a)是所有行為動詞的總稱;
    (b)是助動詞,無實義;
    (c)是一個具體的行為動詞“做,干”。此句中給出的do指“做”,not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?,故須在do前加助動詞don’t。
    五、對主語的數(shù)判斷有誤
    例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
    答案: is
    解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個人在北京”,但with在此做伴隨狀語,不能做主語,故用is.
    另外,賓語從句中,從句部分若是表示客觀真理,不管主句是何時態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時;在時間和條件狀語從句中,主句表將來,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
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