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2020考研英語翻譯：閱讀文章的辨析
語篇訓(xùn)練1：
Patient learning 1
A new kind of online school wants to teach nursing, and more
The firm devotes about a third of its time and resources to finding jobs for its graduates, an unusually high share. Another third goes to recruiting students and the rest to teaching. Courses are created with employers’ requirements in mind. For its web-development programme, the list given to Lambda by companies runs to 280 items. Unlike coding, nursing cannot be taught entirely over the internet, so Lambda wants to co-operate with nursing schools across America that could provide the necessary hands-on instruction.
After nursing, Lambda plans to work its way down the list of professions with the biggest job shortages. It is also examining the problem from the other side, identifying available jobs that require skills akin to those of victims of automation–truckers displaced by self-driving lorries or call-centre workers replaced by robocalls.
Lambda’s quirks set it apart in Silicon Valley, but Mr Allred is not the first to recognise the value of work-focused education and training. Germany is famed for its widespread vocational training and apprenticeships. Closer to California, the University of Waterloo, a technology-oriented Canadian institution, has had gainful employment within the field of study as one of its core goals since it was founded 62 years ago. Students seeking an internship can enroll in a special scheme which matches them with firms. Norah McRae, who runs the programme, says that most universities spend little time finding work for the graduates, or teaching the skills they need to prosper in the job market. Too often students are treated as cash cows to be milked for research funding.
But Ms McRae is also concerned that programmes like Lambda School, though well-meaning, risk undermining existing educational institutions by offering a quicker route to work. The kind of intense optimisation which Lambda espouses cannot, she worries, replace conventional learning, which strives to create not just capable workers but rounded individuals.
Such fears presuppose that Lambda can succeed beyond even Mr Allred’s wildest dreams–or those of the venture capitalists who pumped $30m into the firm in January, valuing it at $150m. Student numbers, and so upfront costs, are growing faster than revenues. If Lambda can turn a profit by offering people a stab at a decent job, that would be a fine lesson in capitalism.
語篇參考翻譯
學(xué)習(xí)護(hù)理
一種新型網(wǎng)校想要教授護(hù)理和其他很多職業(yè)技能
蘭姆達(dá)將三分之一左右的時間和資源花在為畢業(yè)學(xué)員找工作上，這么高的比重不常見。另外三分之一用于招生，三分之一用于教學(xué)。課程是根據(jù)雇主的要求而設(shè)計的。在它的網(wǎng)站開發(fā)課程中，企業(yè)開給蘭姆達(dá)的需求多達(dá)280項。而護(hù)理有別于編程，不可能完全過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)教授，因此蘭姆達(dá)希望與全美各地能提供要操作實訓(xùn)的護(hù)校合作。
在開展護(hù)理培訓(xùn)后，蘭姆達(dá)還計劃逐個進(jìn)軍其他人員最緊缺的職業(yè)。同時它也從另一面審視問題，為那些被自動化淘汰的人員(例如被無人駕駛貨車取代的卡車司機(jī)，或者被自動語音呼叫取代的呼叫中心員工)找到需要類似技能的就業(yè)崗位。
蘭姆達(dá)的另類做法在硅谷獨(dú)樹一幟，但要說認(rèn)識到以工作為導(dǎo)向的教育與培訓(xùn)的價值的，奧爾雷德并非第一人。德國就以職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和學(xué)徒制的普及而聞名。離加州更近些的滑鐵盧大學(xué)是加拿大一所技術(shù)型大學(xué)。自62年前創(chuàng)辦以來，該校一直將找到與學(xué)生專業(yè)對口的較高收入工作作為自己的重要目標(biāo)之一。想找實習(xí)機(jī)會的學(xué)生可以注冊一個將他們與企業(yè)相匹配的特別項目。負(fù)責(zé)該項目的諾拉·麥克雷(Norah McRae)表示，多數(shù)大學(xué)很少花時間幫助畢業(yè)生就業(yè)，也很少教授他們在就業(yè)市場獲得成功所需的技能。很多時候，學(xué)生們都被當(dāng)成了撈取研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的搖錢樹。
但麥克雷也擔(dān)心，像蘭姆達(dá)學(xué)校這樣的培訓(xùn)項目雖然出發(fā)點不錯，但可能會因為提供就業(yè)上的捷徑而損害現(xiàn)有的教育體系。她擔(dān)心蘭姆達(dá)倡導(dǎo)的那種密集型的優(yōu)化培訓(xùn)并非是對傳統(tǒng)教育的一種好的替代，因為后者致力培養(yǎng)的不僅是能勝任工作的員工，還是多方面發(fā)展的個體。
不過這種擔(dān)憂成立的前提是蘭姆達(dá)取得的成功要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出奧爾雷德本人的想象––或者那些今年1月向蘭姆達(dá)投資3000萬美元、對其估值1.5億美元的風(fēng)險投資家們的想象。目前，學(xué)生人數(shù)的增長以及由此帶來的前期成本的增速––超過了收入的增速。如果蘭姆達(dá)能過幫助人們拿下一份體面工作來贏利，那還真會是資本主義的一條有益經(jīng)驗。