考研英語備考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是該注意的，下面由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2021考研英語：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的語法技巧”，持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
2021考研英語：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的語法技巧
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語)構(gòu)成。
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有主語和謂語，所以在語法上不是句子。但多有名詞或代詞表示的邏輯主語，分詞或不定式表示的邏輯謂語，有時(shí)還有其他修飾成分。(判斷一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是否是句子的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是看看這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是否有謂語動(dòng)詞。)這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句子中起方式、時(shí)間、原因、條件等狀語或狀語從句的作用，主要用于書面語。使用動(dòng)詞非謂語形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為句子形式(從句):獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)加上連詞，非謂語動(dòng)詞改為謂語動(dòng)詞形式，這樣就成為從句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天，圖書館不開放。
(原因)改為從句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open.
例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 沒有汽車了，我們只好坐出租車了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信號(hào)發(fā)出后，公共汽車就啟動(dòng)了。
(時(shí)間)改為從句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那個(gè)人到這里，并爬了進(jìn)來，手里拿著劍。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考試結(jié)束了，兩個(gè)月之后進(jìn)行期末考試.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話，我們就去參觀長城。
If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那個(gè)人到這里，并爬了進(jìn)來，手里拿著劍。(伴隨狀語)
上文例句中sword in hand是由“名詞+介詞短語”構(gòu)成，表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)可以用with引出，二者的意思是一樣的，with結(jié)構(gòu)更加口語話，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含著淚水，離開了辦公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾著一把尺子，手里拿著幾本書，走進(jìn)了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.華燈齊放，天安門廣場顯得美麗動(dòng)人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領(lǐng)路，我們毫不費(fèi)勁地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭，我們對一定能搞好。
一、指出下列句子中的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
二、用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改正下列句子
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
---…，its size (area) being about 43….
三、用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)將括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語譯成英語填空
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿著一個(gè)大蘋果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下課了)，the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子凍得通紅).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (從福州來的火車)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父親坐在旁邊)
6) ____(誰也沒有什么可說的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say.
By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games. ?到2008年9月，北京將舉行完了奧運(yùn)會(huì)。
2021考研英語：動(dòng)詞不定式短語復(fù)習(xí)技巧
一、動(dòng)詞不定式短語的結(jié)構(gòu)
動(dòng)詞不定式短語的主干是由 to + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，動(dòng)詞不定式短語內(nèi)部的動(dòng)詞可以跟自己的賓語、狀語、表語等成分。動(dòng)詞不定式短語整體上在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔(dān)任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。
二、動(dòng)詞不定式短語在句子中的作用
(1)動(dòng)詞不定式短語做主語：
To master a language is not an easy thing。
掌握一門語言不是一件容易的事情。
It's my pleasure to help you。
幫助你是我的樂趣。
動(dòng)詞不定式做主語時(shí)可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。
It's necessary to find the witness。
有必要找到目擊者。
(2)動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語：
I like to help others as much as possible。
如果有可能的話，我喜歡幫助別人。
動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)語：表示不定式的動(dòng)作是由賓語發(fā)出。
We expect you to be with us.
我們希望你和我們在一起。
(3)動(dòng)詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：感官動(dòng)詞：see, watch, notice, look at，hear;使役動(dòng)詞：make, let, have(使得)，help(可帶to, 也可不帶to)
The teacher has his students write a composition every other week。
老師讓同學(xué)們每隔一周寫一篇作文。
Many things【make people think artists are weird】。
很多事情使人們覺得藝術(shù)家們很奇怪。
(4)動(dòng)詞不定式短語作表語：
The most urgent thing is to take legal measures immediately。當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上采取法律措施。
(5)動(dòng)詞不定式短語作定語：
There are many ways to solve the problem. 有許多方法能解決這個(gè)問題。
(6)動(dòng)詞不定式短語作狀語：經(jīng)常表示目的。
We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我們?nèi)メt(yī)院看了我們的老師。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower。
她在做試驗(yàn)，以從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。
三、動(dòng)詞不定式主干的否定形式
(1)not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river。
老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.
沒告訴我們真是不公平。
(2)帶疑問詞的動(dòng)詞不定式短語：
疑問詞who, what, which, when, where, how, why 以及whether可以加在動(dòng)詞不定式短語的前面，構(gòu)成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。整體上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞短語。
Where to go is not known yet。
去什么地方還不知道。
I don't know when to begin.
我不知道什么時(shí)間開始。
(3)帶邏輯主語的動(dòng)詞不定式短語：
為了特別說明動(dòng)詞不定式短語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成方法是： for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。
注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式， for 本身無實(shí)際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。
It's necessary for us to help each other。
我們互相幫忙是必要的。
There is much work for me to finish,
有許多工作要我去完成。
四、動(dòng)詞不定式短語的時(shí)態(tài)
(1)動(dòng)詞不定式短語一般時(shí)態(tài)：表示動(dòng)作和句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在之后發(fā)生。
I helped him to put the things into the car. 我?guī)椭褨|西放進(jìn)了汽車。
I want to see you again. 我想再見到你。
(2)動(dòng)詞不定式短語的完成時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作在句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。
2021考研英語：目的狀語從句的用法解析
一、目的狀語從句的用法
目的狀語從句是狀語從句的一種，該從句用來補(bǔ)充說明主句中謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的目的。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞或詞組主要有so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest等。在目的狀語從句中的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是目的是未來的行為，所以要用表示未來表示可能性的行為，或者在謂語中常常含有一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，比如may, might, can, could, should, will, would, 下面我們就舉幾個(gè)簡單的例子對其用法進(jìn)行闡釋。
Speak louder so that we can hear you.再大點(diǎn)聲以便我們能夠聽清你。so that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)目的狀語從句，從句的主語是we, 謂語是can hear, 賓語是you;主句是Speak louder是個(gè)祈使句。你要大聲說話，大聲說的目的是為了我們能夠聽見你說。
We should get up early in order that we can catch the train.我們得早點(diǎn)起以便我們能趕上火車。in order that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)目的狀語從句，從句的主語是we, 謂語是can catch，賓語是the train;主句是We should get up early。我們得早點(diǎn)起，早點(diǎn)起的目的是為了我們能夠趕上火車。
lest(以免;免得)，in case(以防)和 for fear that(生怕，唯恐)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，要用虛擬語氣，其謂語部分形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。He is now studying hard in case /lest / for fear that he fail in the exam.他現(xiàn)在努力學(xué)習(xí)免得/以免/唯恐他的考試失敗。乍一看，in case he fail in the exam這從句中的語法是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)閔e是第三人稱單數(shù)，fail要么加s要么是過去式，事實(shí)上，這是虛擬語氣，省略了should。
在考研英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)這一塊，從句是一大塊，而其中的狀語從句又是重中之重，這一系列的文章都會(huì)涉及狀語從句類，希望整體上的梳理能夠幫助大家對每一類從句都有個(gè)清楚的認(rèn)識(shí)。以上是引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的一些連詞，不需要記憶，關(guān)鍵要注意的地方是lest、in case、for fear that之后的虛擬語氣。希望大家能夠穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打，為后期強(qiáng)化沖刺做好準(zhǔn)備!
在基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)階段，考研英語復(fù)習(xí)需要做的是熟悉語法，只有語法有一定基礎(chǔ)，后期對長難句解析才會(huì)不困難。今天老師就考研英語試題中的目的狀語從句給大家進(jìn)行講解，希望大家對目的狀語從句有個(gè)更深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。
句子一：They should be quick to respond letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.句子主句是They should be quick to respond letters to the editor，是個(gè)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的主系表句子;lest引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句主語是animal rights misinformation，謂語是并列的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞go和acquire，其中省略了should這一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其中g(shù)o為系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞unchallenged做表語，不被質(zhì)疑。參考翻譯：他們應(yīng)該迅速回復(fù)給編輯的來信，以免動(dòng)物權(quán)利的錯(cuò)誤信息不受質(zhì)疑以及獲得貌似真理的騙人外衣。
句子二：In addition，the cameraman must have a knowledge of composition so that the arrangement of the people and objects in each shot will produce the desired effect.In addition介詞短語做狀語，主句是the cameraman must have a knowledge of composition，其中主語是the cameraman，謂語是must have，賓語是a knowledge of composition;so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句主語是the arrangement，謂語是will produce，賓語是effect。參考翻譯：另外，攝影師必須具備合成知識(shí)，以便安排好每個(gè)鏡頭中的人和物來達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。
句子三：The saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them，remounted on rollers so that they move with any movement of the cables.逗號(hào)前邊的句子包含主從句，主句是The saddles are either further fixed，so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句the cables may slide over them，remounted是和fixed并列的，省略了主語the saddles和謂語are，后邊還有一個(gè)so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。這句話中要注意代詞所指代的對象，整句話是在說saddle與cable的固定關(guān)系，句子中有cable，那另一個(gè)對象是saddle。參考翻譯：鞍座要么可以固定，這樣鋼纜可以在它上面滑動(dòng);要么可以安裝在滾柱上，這樣鞍座就會(huì)隨鋼纜的移動(dòng)而移動(dòng)。
分析每一個(gè)考研英語中的長難句，首先要找出其中的句子主干是關(guān)鍵，就像一棵大樹的主干，再看其他分支具體是做什么成分，在分析具體成分時(shí)需要對于這些狀語、定語、補(bǔ)語有所了解，試題也是對這些知識(shí)的理解與鞏固。