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高考英語短文改錯解題方法
解題思路(三步解題法)
第一步：快速瀏覽全文，把握文章的主要時態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意，順便標記自己一眼就能看出的錯誤。
第二步：細讀文章，找出錯誤并改正。一般要結合文章的上下文以及出題規(guī)律來做題。
第三步：代入正確答案通讀全文，看其是否通順。
出題規(guī)律及破解關鍵
高考短文改錯一般會在以下八個方面進行設題。
1. 動詞：主要考查時態(tài)、主謂一致和固定搭配。例如：
①時態(tài)混用
Then the trouble started. We can’t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.
(很顯然此段的主時態(tài)是一般過去式，因此應把can’t改為couldn’t。)
②主謂不一致
There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
(a football game決定了謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故應該把were改為was。)
③固定搭配
He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the computer.
(give up doing sth.是固定用法，故動詞buy應該改為buying。)
2. 名詞：主要考查單復數(shù)混用。例如：
Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
(表示“年齡多大了”應該為復數(shù)形式，故應把year改為years。)
3. 形容詞/副詞：主要考查兩者之間是否混用。例如：
①副詞代替正確形容詞
During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.
(很明顯是“與平時相比較更忙”，因此需要把usually改為usual。)
②形容詞代替正確副詞
As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on — get going!”
(顯然應把excited改為excitedly，用來修飾動詞cheer。)
4. 介詞：主要考查固定搭配，特別是動詞和介詞的搭配。例如：
①介詞遺漏
I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.
(get rid of 是固定搭配，意為“擺脫，除去”。)
②介詞多余
My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
(這里顯然是區(qū)分because of與because的用法。前者不能接句子，而后者充當連詞可以接句子，故應該把of去掉。)
③介詞錯用(一般為固定搭配)
I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”
(pick out改為pick up。pick out挑選;pick up撿起。)
5. 連詞：主要考查句子之間的邏輯關系。?？嫉娜N關系主要是：轉折 (but)、并列(and)和因果(because)。例如：
One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.
(顯然，句意為“我們開車去的原因是因為我們要買很多東西”，所以應該把but改為because / as / for。)
6. 句式：主要考查that與what或which / how與what之間的轉換。這是短文改錯的常考點。例如：
She never has enough time for that she wants to do.
(句意為：她沒有足夠多的時間來做自己想做的事情。很明顯應該把that改為what。)
7. 冠詞：主要考查冠詞是否多余或遺漏。例如：
①冠詞多余
So I went to sell newspapers after the school.
(“放學后”應該用after school表示，故此處定冠詞多余，應去掉the。)
②冠詞遺漏
As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.
(at an early age表示“很小的時候”，故early前應加不定冠詞。)
8.代詞：主要考查代詞是否多余或遺漏，以及代詞之間的混用。例如：
①代詞多余
Don’t lose your heart if you fail in the exam.
(lose heart表示“泄氣，喪失勇氣”，而lose one’s heart to sb. / sth.表示“愛上，鐘情于……”。根據(jù)語境，此處很明顯是指“別泄氣”，故應該把your去掉。)
②代詞遺漏
A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.
(應該在classes前加his，表示“使他的課堂生動有趣”。)
③代詞混用
We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.
(根據(jù)句意“我們生活在一個大家庭之中，彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰有困難，其他人就會幫助他/她解決困難”，所以應把them改為us，把other改為others。)