2021考研英語:被動語態(tài)的翻譯

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    2021考研英語:被動語態(tài)的翻譯
    漢語中的被動句不占優(yōu)勢。英文中大部分的被動句都可以譯為漢語的主動句,只有在強調(diào)被動意義時才使用被動句。但是在漢語的主動句中,有的在邏輯上是被動句,如:"文章寫完了"。在這樣的句子中,主語不是謂語的動作施行者,而是承受者。漢譯時應(yīng)該靈活采取相應(yīng)的形式。此外,漢語本身特有一些表示被動的語言手段可以加以利用。為了使譯文符合漢語習(xí)慣,翻譯被動句時,常??梢杂靡韵聨追N方法:
    (1)被動句的主語仍譯為主動句的主語。
    The car was severely damaged beyond any means of repair while the driver was safe and sound.
    譯文:汽車損壞嚴(yán)重,已無法修理,而駕車者卻安然無恙。
    The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.
    譯文:此項發(fā)現(xiàn)得到科學(xué)界的高度評價。(或:科學(xué)界對此項發(fā)現(xiàn)給予高度評價。)
    (2)將被動句譯成主動句,有時外加泛指人稱代詞"人們","有人","大家","我們"做主語。
    Rubber is found to be a good isolating material.
    譯文:人們發(fā)現(xiàn),橡膠是一種良好的絕緣材料。
    The area has been marked out for building more hotels.
    譯文:人們劃出這塊地區(qū)用于建造更多的旅店。
    (3)把by 后動作的執(zhí)行者做主語,英文原句中的主語做賓語。
    The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.
    譯文:蒸汽機發(fā)明的結(jié)果是機械力代替了人力。
    What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?
    譯文:政府已經(jīng)采取或正在采取哪些措施去降低空氣的污染程度呢?
    (4)譯成漢語中的無主句。
    若根據(jù)上下文或特定情景,對行為主體一目了然,或者出于禮貌和婉轉(zhuǎn)起見,可以采用這種譯法。
    The amount of carbon monoxide that an engine gives off can be reduced by special devices designed to make the engine burn the fuel more efficiently.
    譯文:使發(fā)動機更有效地燃燒燃料而設(shè)計的特殊裝置可以降低發(fā)動機一氧化碳的排放量。
    Additional International Standards may be added to the series in the future.
    譯文:將來還可能對本系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)增加若干項國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
    (5)改譯成漢語的判斷句,即帶表語的主動句。
    如"是由…"、"是因…"、"是在…"等等。被動語態(tài)是表示一種狀態(tài)時可以譯成漢語的判斷句型。
    My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.
    譯文:我的前四十年在南歐度過。
    These machines are operated by a worker only.
    譯文:這些機器只由一名工人操縱。
    (6)譯成正常的被動句,以突出被動意義。
    這不僅包括被字句,還包括漢語特有的表示被動的手段,如"受、被、叫、挨、讓、給、遭、由、為、為…所…、把、加以、使"等等都可以表示被動意義。
    In industry, natural materials difficult to get are often replaced by plastics.
    譯文:在工業(yè)中,不易獲得的天然材料常常被塑料代替。
    Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
    譯文:工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉,多年來在很大程度上被歷史學(xué)家和科學(xué)的思想家忽視了。
    Problems should be resolved in good time.
    譯文:問題應(yīng)該及時加以解決。
    The Apollo Ⅻ crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.
    譯文:阿波羅十二號的宇航員曾報告說,它們的宇宙飛船正遭到兩個不明飛行物的跟蹤。(用"遭到")
    For separating iron from the impurities the iron ore must be melted.
    譯文:為了使鐵跟雜質(zhì)分離,鐵礦石必須經(jīng)過冶煉。