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2021年考研英語：真題詞匯語境詳解(2)
ban
v. 1.officially forbid (sth) 明令禁止
2.officially forbid sb (to do sth) 明令禁止某人
真題連線1999 Passage 4
But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. 但他們?cè)谑欠襁M(jìn)一步要求聯(lián)邦立法強(qiáng)令徹底禁止克隆人這一問題上存在分歧。
banquet
構(gòu)詞banqu長(zhǎng)凳+et名詞后綴→宴會(huì)
n.宴會(huì), 盛宴
鏈接banquetv.宴請(qǐng);參加宴會(huì)
Text 2
Hilton is building its own hotel there， which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars， the Lear Lounge， the Banquo Banqueting Room， and so forth， and will be very expensive. 希爾頓也在這兒建了一座自己的酒店，這里肯定可以能看到被裝飾一新的哈姆雷特漢堡酒吧，Lear休息室，宴會(huì)廳等等。進(jìn)一步說，這里消費(fèi)將很貴。
barrier
構(gòu)詞barr柵，欄+ier名詞后綴→柵欄
n.1.hindrance 障礙; 妨礙
2.the language barrier 語言的隔閡
Passage 4
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. 我認(rèn)為，推動(dòng)這股巨大的并購浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推動(dòng)全球化進(jìn)程的力量，包括日趨下降的運(yùn)輸與通訊費(fèi)用，較低的貿(mào)易與投資壁壘，以及市場(chǎng)的擴(kuò)大和為滿足市場(chǎng)需求而進(jìn)行的擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)。
basic
構(gòu)詞bas低下，基礎(chǔ)+ic 形容詞后綴→基礎(chǔ)的
a.基本的, 堿性的n.基本, 要素, 基礎(chǔ);
Text 3
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.就在十幾年內(nèi)，數(shù)百萬母親出去工作，這改變了根本的家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。
battle
構(gòu)詞bat打，擊+t+le名詞后綴→戰(zhàn)斗
n.an encounter between opposing forces戰(zhàn)役,戰(zhàn)斗;斗爭(zhēng)
v.to engage in or as if in battle; fight against戰(zhàn)斗,斗爭(zhēng),搏斗
真題連線2000 Passage 3
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. 他們對(duì)戰(zhàn)斗的描述確實(shí)讓人很難理解。
benefit
構(gòu)詞bene 好+fit做，制作→做了有好處→有益于
n.1.promotes or enhances well-being; an advantage利益
2.help; aid幫助;援助
3. allowance; alms; insurance 津貼，救濟(jì)金，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)
v.1.to be helpful or useful to有助于…，有用于…
2.to derive benefit受益
鏈接beneficial a.有利的(benefic有益于+ial形容詞后綴→有利的，有益的)
Passage 4
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. 目前證明這股合并浪潮是帶來利還是弊的實(shí)例并不多。
bias
構(gòu)詞bi 二+as 名詞后綴→兩種狀態(tài)
n.& v.1.a preference or an inclination, prejudice; (使有)偏見,偏心,偏袒
2.slanting 傾斜的, 對(duì)角的
真題連線2001 Passage 3
But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. 但它似乎從來就沒回過頭來去注意那么多以前的顧客所抱怨的文化和階級(jí)偏見。
2021年考研英語：真題詞匯語境詳解(1)
abandon
構(gòu)詞a不+ban禁止+don給予→不禁止給出去→放棄
vt. 1.give up completely放棄
2.forsake，desert 遺棄, 丟棄
3.yield completely to 放肆, 放縱; 沉湎于
n. freedom from worry or inhibitions放肆; 放縱; 盡情; 任意
Passage 5
Abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 放棄“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲學(xué)，轉(zhuǎn)而過一種“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的生活所帶來的回報(bào)，比經(jīng)濟(jì)成功和社會(huì)地位更有價(jià)值。
absolute
構(gòu)詞ab不+solute松開→決不松開→絕對(duì)的
a.1.complete; total絕對(duì)的; 完全的, 純粹的,確實(shí)的
2.unrestricted; unlimited; unqualified無條件的, 不受限制的
3.having unlimited power 專制的, 獨(dú)斷的
4.certain; undoubted 確實(shí)的, 肯定的
Passage 5
My experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. 我這個(gè)被美國人稱為“放慢生活節(jié)奏”的試驗(yàn)，卻使我老掉牙的借口變成了絕對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)。
absorb
構(gòu)詞ab表強(qiáng)調(diào)+sorb吸→吸引
vt.1.to take sth in through 吸收
2.include sth/sb as part of; merge with 并吞
3.hold the interest of sb fully使(精神)貫注
習(xí)慣用語be absorbed by 被…吞并, 為…所吸收
be absorbed in 全神貫注在…, 一心從事, 熱衷于
absorb sb.’s attention 吸引某人注意
Part C
Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.通過并運(yùn)用法律來提高判斷能力是一名新聞?dòng)浾邽槠渎殬I(yè)生涯做好知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備的一個(gè)重要組成部分。
absorbed
構(gòu)詞ab.表強(qiáng)調(diào)+sorb吸+ed形容詞后綴→被吸引的→全神貫注的;專心的
a.wholly involved or occupied; engrossed 熱衷的，專注的
Text 1
People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. 人們被一種消費(fèi)文化所吸引，這種文化是由十九世紀(jì)在高雅的氛圍中陳列著琳瑯滿目的商品的百貨商店所發(fā)起的。
abstract
構(gòu)詞abs離開+tract拉，拖→拉出，抽
a.1.existing in thought but not having practical抽象的; 理論上的, 不現(xiàn)實(shí)的
2.difficult to understand;深?yuàn)W的;難以理解的
vt. 1.to take away; remove抽取;拿走
2.to summarize;概括;歸納
n.摘要，梗概
鏈接abstracteda.心不在焉的
abstractionn.提取
習(xí)慣用語in the abstract 抽象地, 觀念上, 理論上; make an abstract of 把…的要點(diǎn)摘錄下來
真題連線2003 英譯漢
Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 因此，人類學(xué)中的“文化”概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集”的概念一樣，是一個(gè)抽象概念。它使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能。
2021考研英語：英語備考之單詞辨析(4)
activist n.(政治活動(dòng)的)積極分子，活動(dòng)家
addict n.1.有癮的人 2.入迷的人 vt.使成癮，使入迷
additive n.添加劑
adhere vi.1.(to)粘附，附著 2.遵守，堅(jiān)持 3.追隨，支持
adhesive n.粘合劑 a.可粘著的，粘性的
adjacent a.(to)鄰近的，毗連的
adjoin vt.貼近，與...毗連
adjourn v.(使)休會(huì)，(使)休庭
administer vt.1.掌管，料理...的事務(wù) 2.施行，實(shí)施 3.給予，派給，投(藥)
admiral n.海軍將領(lǐng)，艦隊(duì)司令
adolescent n.青少年 a.青春期的，青少年的
adore vt.1.崇拜，敬慕，愛慕 2.非常喜歡
adorn vt.裝飾，使生色
advent n. 出現(xiàn)，到來
adversary n.對(duì)手，敵手
adverse a.不利的，有害的
aerial a.1.飛機(jī)的，航空的，由飛機(jī)進(jìn)行的 2.空中的，架空的 n.天線
aesthetic a.美學(xué)的, 審美的, 有審美感的
affiliate vt.使隸屬于 n. 附屬機(jī)構(gòu)，分公司
affirm vt.1.斷言，堅(jiān)持聲稱 2.證實(shí)，確認(rèn)
afflict vt.使苦惱，折磨
A Change of Heart
The anti-war activist was not surprised at all that his primary adversay,the Admiral,had been afflicted with a drug addict for a son.He was actually quite happy to find out that his enemy had such personal problems.It was the advent of a new day,however,when the activist decided to help administer the treatment for the adolescent and help the Admiral fight this adverse situation.And it was clear that the Admiral was a wonderful person when the activist saw how much the Admiral adored his son.
Now living in an adjacent room in a special section of a treatment center, the activist was able to adhere to the strictest methods for helping the boy fight his addiction. The activist was able to help with aesthetic changes,such as adorning the boy with clean clothes, as well as affirm the boy as his body struggled with the medical additives that would help the boy get better.
Certain events were luckily also not adhesive in the youth's mind. This included the boys' aerial leap from a tall building. He did not die only because he landed in the swimming pool of the adjoining building.
And now the activist was gaining the attention of his affiliates because of his honorable actions. This had never been his motive. He had only wanted to help a person in need. And, as the Admiral adjourned their weekly meeting about the boy's progress,the activist was really happy that he had been able to make a difference in someone's life.
徹底的改變
這位反戰(zhàn)積極分子的主要對(duì)手，艦隊(duì)司令因兒子染上毒癮而十分苦惱，但他對(duì)此一點(diǎn)也不感到廳怪。實(shí)際上，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的敵人有這樣的個(gè)人問題，他還感到很高興。然而，當(dāng)這位積極分子決定幫助實(shí)施對(duì)這位青少年的治療并協(xié)助艦隊(duì)司令對(duì)付這種不利情況時(shí)，新的一天到來了。很顯然，當(dāng)這位反戰(zhàn)積極分子看到艦隊(duì)司令對(duì)兒子是如何喜愛時(shí)，艦隊(duì)司令成了一個(gè)可愛的人。
現(xiàn)在這位反戰(zhàn)積極分子正住在鄰近治療中心特區(qū)的一個(gè)房間里，因而他能夠堅(jiān)持用最嚴(yán)格的方法幫助那個(gè)男孩戒除毒隱。這位反戰(zhàn)積極分子能夠用審美上的變化提供幫助，如用干凈的衣服打扮男孩，當(dāng)他的身體與醫(yī)療添加劑的副作用作斗爭(zhēng)的時(shí)候他會(huì)斷言它們會(huì)使他好起來。
有些事情幸好沒有在這個(gè)年輕人的心中留下記憶，其中包括他從高樓的空中跳下，他沒有死只是因?yàn)樗舻搅肃徑髽堑挠斡境乩铩?BR> 由于他的誠心相助，這位反戰(zhàn)積極分子得到了他的下屬的注意。這并不是他原來的動(dòng)機(jī)，他只是想幫助一個(gè)需要幫助的人。在艦隊(duì)司令使每周召開的討論男孩病情的會(huì)議休會(huì)時(shí)，這位積極分子為自己能使一個(gè)人的生活發(fā)生變化而感到由衷的高興。