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2021考研英語：閱讀長句的翻譯辨析
The Olympic games奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)
Fanfare喧耀
A sobering history of how the Olympic games evolved發(fā)人深省的奧運(yùn)會(huì)形成的歷史
Sobering：adj. 使清醒的;使冷靜的;嚴(yán)重的 vt. 使清醒(sober的ing形式)
First of the big spenders 首先揮金如土的人
The Games: A Global History of the Olympics. By David Goldblatt. W.W. Norton; 516 pages; $29.95. Macmillan; ￡20.奧運(yùn)會(huì)：奧運(yùn)會(huì)的全球歷史。David Goldblatt(大衛(wèi)·戈德布拉特)。諾頓出版社;516頁;29.95美元。麥克米倫;20英鎊。
IN 1892, Baron de Coubertin, a French educator and historian, called for the restoration of the Olympic games, hoping that they would promote peace and also help achieve his decidedlyconservative political aims. De Coubertin considered the games a way to promote ideals of manliness. He argued that women’s sport was “the most unaesthetic sight human eyes could contemplate” and that the games should be reserved for men.
1892年，法國教育家和歷史學(xué)家巴倫顧拜旦，呼吁恢復(fù)奧運(yùn)會(huì)，希望他們能促進(jìn)和平，也可以幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)他絕對保守的政治目標(biāo)。顧拜旦認(rèn)為奧運(yùn)會(huì)是促進(jìn)男子氣概的一種理想方法。他認(rèn)為女性運(yùn)動(dòng)是“人類看到事物中最缺乏美感的”，運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該留給男人。
Conservative：adj. 保守的 n. 保守派，守舊者;Unaesthetic：adj. 無美感的;缺乏美感的;
The Olympics have always been intertwined with politics, as David Goldblatt shows in an elegant and ambitious new study. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has neverwavered from its underlying conservatism. Taiwan preserved its place in the Olympics far longer than it did in the United Nations. Ludicrously, the IOC maintained the “hypocritical and ultimately forlorn” pretence of amateurism until 1988—even as Soviet athletes were amateursin name only. And from 1928 until 1968, there were no women’s races of more than 200 metres because it made them look too tired. It took until 1984 for women to make up one-fifth of competing athletes.
奧運(yùn)會(huì)一直與政治交織在一起，正如David Goldblatt(大衛(wèi)·戈德布拉特)在一個(gè)優(yōu)雅的和雄心勃勃的新研究中表現(xiàn)出來。國際奧委會(huì)(IOC)從未動(dòng)搖其潛在的保守主義。臺灣在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上保留的位置遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過聯(lián)合國?？尚Φ氖?，國際奧委會(huì)保持著“虛偽的、最終被遺棄的”業(yè)余主義，直到1988，甚至蘇聯(lián)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，名義上也是業(yè)余。從1928年到1968年,沒有女性參加超過200米的比賽,因?yàn)檫@比賽使她們看起來太累了。直到1984年,女性占參賽運(yùn)動(dòng)員的五分之一。
Intertwine with：與…交織在一起;Waver：vi. 搖曳;躊躇;擺動(dòng) n. 動(dòng)搖;躊躇;揮動(dòng)者;Ludicrously：adv. 滑稽地;荒唐地;Amateur：n. 業(yè)余愛好者;非專業(yè)人員;
If the Olympics have been a force for wider good, this has often been in spite of the IOC rather than because of it. In Mexico City in 1968, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, two African-American athletes who had just won medals in the 200 metres, gave the Black Power salute. Avery Brundage, the American president of the IOC, ordered the delegation to expel the athletes. They did. South Africa had been excluded from the Olympics in 1964 because of itsapartheid policy, but in 1968 the IOC at first gave the nation the all-clear, before protests forced it to back down.
如果奧運(yùn)會(huì)成為一種更為廣泛的力量，那么(這種力量)盡管與國際奧委會(huì)密不可分，但覺不僅是取決于它。在1968年的墨西哥，Tommie Smith和 John Carlos這兩名非洲裔美國的運(yùn)動(dòng)員贏得了200米競賽的獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，并向黑?quán)主義致敬。Avery.Brundagr身為國際奧委會(huì)的美國總統(tǒng)，命令代表團(tuán)將這兩名運(yùn)動(dòng)員除名。他們照做了。1964年由于種族隔離政策，南非被奧運(yùn)會(huì)排斥。然而在1968年國際奧委會(huì)在其抗議之前首次給予這個(gè)國家所有明細(xì)迫使他們退出(奧運(yùn)會(huì))。
expel： v.驅(qū)逐，趕走，將……除名;apartheid ：n.種族隔離;exclude ：v.排斥，排除，驅(qū)逐，趕出;
At every turn, the Olympics has allowed itself to be manipulated by governments, includingappalling regimes. Ahead of the 1936 games in Berlin, the chairman of the American Olympic Committee concluded that there was no case for a boycott as there was no discrimination in German sport. Nazi Germany, which had initially been reluctant to play host, soon realised the huge potential benefits: it is estimated that more was spent on the Berlin games than all the previous Olympics combined. Adolf Hitler and the Nazi entourage attended every day. More recently, the IOC has allowed governments to hide their problems from view during the games—after Atlanta submitted its bid for the 1996 games, homeless people were even locked up—and to trample over the rights of their citizens. Construction before the Beijing games in 2008 forced more than 1m people out of their homes.
每次奧運(yùn)會(huì)都會(huì)由政府操控，其中包含了可怕的政權(quán)。在柏林即將舉行的1963場比賽前，美國奧林匹克委員會(huì)主席總結(jié)說在德國的比賽沒有沒有任何聯(lián)合排斥的情況，也沒有任何的歧視。納粹德國，最初不情愿成為東道主，(但卻)實(shí)現(xiàn)了巨大的潛在利益：?花費(fèi)在柏林競賽的(金額)要超出歷屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)的總和。Adolf Hitler與納粹隨行人員每天都參與其中。最近，國際奧委會(huì)已經(jīng)允許在比賽期間，政府隱藏(該管轄區(qū)域)的問題——在亞特蘭大申辦1996場比賽之后，無家可歸的人甚至被鎖了起來——這踐踏了公民的權(quán)益。在2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)施工前有超過100萬的人被迫離開了自己的家園。
manipulate ：vt.操縱，操作，處理;appalling： adj.可怕的，駭人聽聞的;discrination ：a.任何歧視;boycott： vt./n. 聯(lián)合抵制，拒絕參加;
In crude financial terms, hosting is a disaster: the 2004 games in Athens cost the Greek government about $16 billion (about 5% of the government’s total debt) and the swimming complex remains unused. Mr Goldblatt reckons that, of the 17 Olympic tournaments held between the second world war and 2012, only the one in Los Angeles, in 1984, actually made a profit. Moreover, the idea that the games makes a host nation more athletic has no foundation. In Britain, fewer people do sport now than did before the Olympics in 2012. Little wonder, then, that a “Nolympics” movement has built up, made of protesters against hosting the games.
就原生的金融市場而言，主辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)簡直就是一場災(zāi)難：2004年雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)花費(fèi)了希臘政府約160億美元(這大約是政府債務(wù)的5%)并且游泳館至今沒有投入使用。據(jù)Goldblatt先生評估，自二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束到2012年間舉辦的17屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)中，只有1984年洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)真正獲得了利潤。另外，舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)能增強(qiáng)主辦國的體育能力這樣的想法簡直是天方夜譚。在英國，參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的人數(shù)與2012年舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)之前相比反而減少了。因此，由反對舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的人們組成了“反奧林匹克”運(yùn)動(dòng)也就不足為奇了。
Crude ：n.原油 adj.,天然的，原生的;
Another dark side of the sport can be seen in the way athletes, often at the behest of their national Olympic committees, have used performance-enhancing drugs. This kind of cheating began in the 1930s, if not earlier, though the IOC did not introduce drug testing until 1968. As the recent Russian doping scandal highlights, drug use remains all too prevalent. So far, this has not undermined the popularity of the games. In 1912 de Coubertin created a poetry contest and chose as the winner a poem he had written himself, which included the words, “O sport you are justice!” His view of the Olympics was never accurate; now the games seem more imperilled than ever.
雖然IOc在1968年才推出檢測方法，但這種作弊大概從20世紀(jì)30年代或者有可能更早就開始了。正如最近的俄羅斯興奮劑丑聞，藥物使用的情況還是普遍存在的。不過迄今為止，藥物使用還沒有觸及奧林匹克人群的根基。1912年顧拜旦創(chuàng)作了一組比賽詩并且選取了自己所作的一首冬季的詩，這首詩包含了以下文字，“你就是正義，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)!”他對于奧林匹克的態(tài)度從不是確切的;現(xiàn)在這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)似乎處于歷史上的生死攸關(guān)之際。dope： n.興奮劑，笨蛋，內(nèi)幕 vt.給…服興奮劑/麻醉劑scandal ：n.丑聞，丑行prevalent ：adj.普遍的，普遍流行的undermine ：vt.逐漸削弱…，從…根基破壞，挖…墻角。
2021考研英語：長難句的翻譯鞏固解析
在公司里，有資歷的老員工都屬于senior，而新來的年輕員工資歷尚淺，只能算是junior。
但是，最近的趨勢是，不少公司都開始采用這樣的策略，用junior級別的員工來取代senior員工。由此還出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的詞匯juniorization。
The “juniorization” is a phenomenon commonly seen in many businesses these days, where older/senior workers are being swiftly replaced by younger ones, all in the name of saving money.
“年輕化”是近期在很多行業(yè)都普遍出現(xiàn)的一種現(xiàn)象，即以節(jié)省開支的名義用年輕員工取代有資歷的老員工。
Recently, the focus on juniorization has increased as Wall Street banks began implementing it as a risky strategy to lower operating costs.
最近，隨著華爾街的銀行們也開始實(shí)行這一策略來降低運(yùn)營成本，人們對“年輕化”這一現(xiàn)象的關(guān)注也開始增多。
The chief executive at the investment-banking unit of a large firm explained this in simple terms: Headcount had stayed pretty stable at his firm, he said, but the makeup of that headcount had changed.
某集團(tuán)投行的首席執(zhí)行官是這樣解釋這一現(xiàn)象的：他們公司的員工總數(shù)基本保持穩(wěn)定，但是員工的構(gòu)成情況有所變化。
His bank had decided that it had too many expensive managing directors in some parts of its sales and trading business.
他所在的銀行認(rèn)為，他們某些銷售和交易部門的高薪總經(jīng)理人數(shù)過多。
Give junior employees better technology, he said, and they offered just as much value as a managing director would have in days gone by.
他表示，為年輕員工提供更好的技術(shù)的話，他們創(chuàng)造的價(jià)值就會(huì)跟一位總經(jīng)理過去創(chuàng)造的價(jià)值一樣多。
In other words, you don't need to pay an older trader or salesperson $1 million a year for experience and market savvy when you can give a junior trader some technology and the same knowledge at the end of a keyboard and mouse.
換句話說，年輕交易員在有了技術(shù)和相同的交易知識后就能辦到的事情，你就不必一年花一百萬美元養(yǎng)一個(gè)資深的交易員或者銷售員。
同時(shí)，也有人表示，隨著各類技術(shù)進(jìn)入工作領(lǐng)域，年紀(jì)略大的員工在使用新技術(shù)方面也顯得有些吃力。為了提高工作效率，雇傭更多年輕員工也是明智的選擇。
不過，有反對人士稱，員工隊(duì)伍重要的是多樣化(diversity)，不光要講性別、種族等方面的多樣化，在年齡構(gòu)成上也要多樣化。年長的員工憑借豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)年輕的員工，他們才會(huì)成長得更快。
2021考研英語：備考例舉的翻譯解析
Clockless worker，顧名思義，指的就是An employee who is willing to work at any time, day or night(不分白晝、愿意在任何時(shí)間工作的員工)。對他們來說，clock(鐘表)已經(jīng)沒有什么意義了，他們的工作時(shí)間完全clockless(沒有鐘點(diǎn)概念)，一切以工作任務(wù)為重。
我們來看個(gè)例句：
Jane’s new boyfriend is a clockless worker, he is always delaying their date because of his work.
簡的新男友是個(gè)“過勞?！?，他經(jīng)常因?yàn)楣ぷ鞫七t他們的約會(huì)。
與這一類人正好相反的呢，是上班期間心不在焉、差不多每隔10分鐘就要看一次時(shí)間的人。他們通常都是到點(diǎn)就下班，一分鐘也不會(huì)耽誤。這一類人在英文里叫clock-watcher。
Clock-watcher is an employee who demonstrates lack of interest in a job by watching the time closely to be sure to stop work as soon as the workday or shift is over.
Clock-watcher指對工作心不在焉，總是不?？磿r(shí)間的員工，下班點(diǎn)一到他們就會(huì)停下手里的工作。中文可以戲稱為“看表族”。
來看個(gè)例句：
That new guy is a total clock-watcher. He checked his watch FIVE times in one hour and left his desk exactly at five o'clock.
那個(gè)新來的員工就是個(gè)看表族，他一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)看了五次表，一到五點(diǎn)立馬走人了。