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2020考研英語：長句小練精講解析3
We have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
●這個句子的難點在于a certain conception of the American citizen后面是同位語a character[一般逗號兩邊都是名詞或名詞結構，可以聯(lián)想同位語結構]，其后是一個who引導的定語從句：其中主句是who is incomplete，if引導條件從句，這個條件從句中的謂語動詞assess跟了一個how引導的賓語從句。
【詞匯】
●a certain某種
●conception 觀念，概念
●competently本意是勝任地、合適地，此處演化成“準確地”
●assess v.評價，評估
●livelihood生活
【譯文】
我們應該這樣理解美國公民&mdash&mdash如果他不能準確判斷自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影響的，那么他是個不完整的個體。
2句精講：
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. 【分析】
【分析】
●這句話結構的突破點是and，and后面是一個簡單的主系表結構，前面比較復雜。the "shareholders"主語， as such作為修飾， had no knowledge of是謂語部分， the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen是賓語，employed by the company引導分詞結構做后置定語，修飾前面的workmen， in which he held shares是定語從句修飾前面的company。
【詞匯】
●shareholder股東
●as such這樣的
●have no knowledge of 對…不了解不知道
【譯文】
這樣的"股東"對他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無所知，而且他們對勞資雙方的關系不會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
3句精講：
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.
【分析】
●本句是since引導的原因狀語從句，主句中economist是主語，謂語部分是被動語態(tài)，賓語是favorable inflation figures。
●從句中conventional measures是主語，謂語suggest后面是that引導的賓語從句，逗號之間是插入語，補充說明。
【詞匯】
●favorable 利好的
●inflation n.通貨膨脹
●convention n. 大會，會議[僻義] 慣例--->conventional a. 傳統(tǒng)的= traditional
●slack n. 松弛，淡季
【譯文】
經(jīng)濟學家們對英國和美國的有利的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)尤其感到驚訝，因為傳統(tǒng)的計量方法顯示兩國的經(jīng)濟，特別是美國的經(jīng)濟， 很少出現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)蕭條的狀況。
4句精講：
The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
【分析】
●第一個句子是主系表結構。
●第二個句子主語是some economists，謂語動詞argue后面接賓語從句，從句中powerful structural changes in the world是主語，have upended是謂語，the old economic models是賓語，后面又接一個定語從句，其中were based upon是謂語部分，the historical link后面接了一個between…and…結構。
【詞匯】
●thrilling a. 毛骨悚然的，令人震驚的
●defective a.有缺陷的
●upend v. 顛倒，倒放
[寫作句型]we can find that powerful innovative measures have upended the old lifestyle in which too little importance were attached to the environmental protection .我們發(fā)現(xiàn)強有力的改革措施改變了不太重視環(huán)境保護的傳統(tǒng)生活方式。
【譯文】
很不幸，這最令人震驚的解釋有一點缺陷。一些經(jīng)濟學家認為世界經(jīng)濟結構的強有力的變化已經(jīng)顛覆了以經(jīng)濟增長和通貨膨脹的歷史關聯(lián)為基礎的舊經(jīng)濟模式。
5句精講：
His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chop
【分析】
●逗號之間是插入語，主語是his colleague，謂語say后面是賓語從句，far too many companies是主語， have applied是謂語， re-engineering是賓語， in a mechanistic fashion是狀語，后面chopping引導分詞結構做狀語。
【詞匯】
●apply vt.應用 vi.申請 (for)
●in a … fashion 以 ….方式
●chop out削減 = cut down
●sufficient a.充分的
●give thought to 考慮
●long-term長期的
【譯文】
他的同事邁克爾.比爾說，有太多的公司采用機械的方式實行重組，沒有充分考慮長期贏利能力的情況下削減成本。