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2020考研英語(yǔ)：閱讀長(zhǎng)難句辨析(3)
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
在這三句話之中，第一句其實(shí)并不難，就是一個(gè)“插入語(yǔ)+倒裝”的結(jié)構(gòu)。含義也比較清楚——一位曾經(jīng)獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家密爾頓·弗里德曼曾經(jīng)寫道：“企業(yè)有且只有一個(gè)社會(huì)責(zé)任，那就是利用它的資源從事旨在增加企業(yè)利潤(rùn)的活動(dòng)”。
第二句前面是“even if”引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，后面是主句，主句部分結(jié)構(gòu)是“主系表”。第二句的含義是：但即使你接受弗里德曼的觀點(diǎn)，并且把企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任看作是浪費(fèi)股東的錢，但事情可能不是非常清楚的。第三句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句”，第三句的含義是：新的研究表明，企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任可能會(huì)為公司創(chuàng)造貨幣價(jià)值——至少當(dāng)他們被起訴腐敗時(shí)是這樣的。
再來(lái)看下面幾句。Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
這三句話都并不長(zhǎng)，第一句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“主謂賓+原因狀語(yǔ)從句”。第二句主干結(jié)構(gòu)也是“主謂賓”。最后一句看似很長(zhǎng)，但結(jié)構(gòu)其實(shí)很明顯，it為形式主語(yǔ)，that后面的句子為真正的主語(yǔ)。這三句話的含義是：“因?yàn)橐陨先矫嬉蛩囟紩?huì)影響消費(fèi)者，所以以往對(duì)企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的研究已經(jīng)很難區(qū)分這些影響。最近的一項(xiàng)研究試圖通過(guò)依據(jù)美國(guó)的《外國(guó)腐敗行為法案》檢舉賄賂行為來(lái)區(qū)分這三方面影響。研究認(rèn)為，因?yàn)槠鹪V人不使用公司的產(chǎn)品作為他們的調(diào)查的一部分，所以他們可能只會(huì)受到光環(huán)效應(yīng)的影響”。
最后來(lái)看Text 3的這幾句作為練習(xí)。 In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.
參考釋義為：總之，研究得出結(jié)論，起訴人似乎很容易受到企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任記錄的影響，然而他們其實(shí)應(yīng)該只根據(jù)企業(yè)的功績(jī)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)案例。一位研究人員說(shuō)，“我們估計(jì)，要么消除對(duì)大量的勞動(dòng)權(quán)利的關(guān)注，如童工;要么增加企業(yè)成果的20%左右的罰款，這一般比賄賂外國(guó)官員的典型罰款低40%。”