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2021考研英語(yǔ)：作文想拿高分的策略
一、詞匯
詞匯的優(yōu)化方法主要有兩種，一個(gè)是替換法，一個(gè)是修飾法。
1. 替換法。比如同學(xué)們都很愛(ài)用的I think可以替換成I believe/hold/insist/maintain/assume;many可以替換成numerous/countless/innumerable/considerable/a sea of/a multitude of;because可以替換成since,as,in that;now that,considering/because of/owing to/due to/on account of/given+名詞;
2. 修飾法。我們常常用形容詞來(lái)修飾名詞，副詞來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞。比如說(shuō)我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行圖畫(huà)描述時(shí)，常說(shuō)The picture describes that......經(jīng)過(guò)修飾可以轉(zhuǎn)化為The vivid/clear/accurate picture describes that......或者The picture vividly/clearly/accurately describes that.......
二、句式
1. 同學(xué)們想一想“這是一個(gè)普遍的現(xiàn)象”怎么翻譯成英文呢?有同學(xué)第一反應(yīng)就是This is a common phenomenon.這里的common就是個(gè)地?cái)傇~，既沒(méi)水平又沒(méi)檔次。有少量同學(xué)卻可以寫(xiě)出這樣的句子：This is not an uncommon phenomenon.雙重否定表示肯定。雖然這兩個(gè)表達(dá)都很簡(jiǎn)單但是他們又有很明顯的差異，各位同學(xué)在寫(xiě)作方面要做到的就是讓自己的作文語(yǔ)言和別人的有這種差異。
2. 再比如，圖畫(huà)作文中必然會(huì)寫(xiě)到的一句話：“這幅圖描述了。。。。。?！?，大家會(huì)怎么寫(xiě)呢?
(1)In the picture,.......
(2)The picture describes that.......
(3)It is describes in the picture that.......
(4)As is describes in the picture,.......
從以上的例子大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，英語(yǔ)句式的變化方式是很多的，這只是冰山一角。到此，相信大家對(duì)詞匯和句式的多變已有所了解。要想做到語(yǔ)言的多樣性，同學(xué)們需要具備扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，即豐富的詞匯以及完善的語(yǔ)法。因此，同學(xué)們?cè)贉?zhǔn)備作文之前，一定要夯實(shí)基本功，并在學(xué)習(xí)完型、閱讀、翻譯的同時(shí)積累考研試題中頻繁出現(xiàn)的句式和詞組，這都是非常地道的一手素材。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)后，同學(xué)們就要針對(duì)寫(xiě)作考研試題的考查規(guī)律和考查要求進(jìn)行專門的研究、總結(jié)和準(zhǔn)備了。務(wù)必在對(duì)考研試題進(jìn)行充分研究的基礎(chǔ)上，形成個(gè)人的寫(xiě)作套路和模板，這也是我們考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作復(fù)習(xí)的主要內(nèi)容。希望以上的內(nèi)容能讓同學(xué)們有所收獲!
2021考研英語(yǔ)：寫(xiě)作話題必備的詞句
一、熱點(diǎn)詞匯
welfare n。福利、幸福 security n。安全 punishment n。懲罰 dishonest adj。不誠(chéng)實(shí)的
goal n。目的、目標(biāo) benefit: n。利益，好處 viewpoint: n。觀點(diǎn) quality: n。質(zhì)量、品質(zhì)
healthy development: n。健康成長(zhǎng) population explosion: n。人口爆炸 utilize: vt。利用
traditional virtue: n。傳統(tǒng)美德 competition: n。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)knowledge: n。知識(shí) skill: n。技能
advantage: n。優(yōu)勢(shì) cooperation: n。合作 sympathy: n。同情 false: adj。錯(cuò)誤的、虛假的
attract: vt。。吸引 influence: n。影響 impact: n. 影響 technology: n。技術(shù) education: n。教育 experience: n。經(jīng)驗(yàn) fund: n。資金 blueprint: n。藍(lán)圖、計(jì)劃 purpose: n。目的、意圖resource: n。資源 environment:n。環(huán)境 wildlife:n。野生動(dòng)植物
appearance: n。外表
inner quality: n。內(nèi)在品質(zhì) material wealth: n。物質(zhì)財(cái)富 moral standards: n。道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
behavior: n。行為 responsibility: n。責(zé)任 privacy: n。隱私 equipment: n。設(shè)備
foothold: n。立足處 difficulty: n。困難 challenge: n。挑戰(zhàn) psychological: adj。心理上的
defeat: n。失敗 victory: n。勝利 courage: n。勇氣 determination: n。決心
persistence: n。堅(jiān)持 effort: n。努 confidence: n。自信 fake and inferior: n。假冒偽略產(chǎn)品
misconception: n。誤解 nourishment: n。營(yíng)養(yǎng)品 pressure: n。壓力 diligent: n。勤勉的
二、熱點(diǎn)句型
1.If you want to achieve something orintend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, exert efforts andget prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when theycome to visit you。
如果你想取得成就或?qū)崿F(xiàn)你的雄心壯志，就必須努力工作，艱苦奮斗，作好準(zhǔn)備。負(fù)責(zé)，即使機(jī)遇來(lái)臨你也無(wú)法利用。
2.Today an increasing number of people haverealized that legal education is of great importance. In order to keep publicorder,everyone of us is supposed to get legal education。
現(xiàn)在，愈來(lái)愈多的人認(rèn)識(shí)到了法制教育的重要性。為了維護(hù)公共秩序，我們每個(gè)人都應(yīng)接受法制教育。
3.Many things contribute to success.Of allthese factors, willpower, courage, and confidence are the most important。
能否獲得成功取決于許多因素，最重要的是堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志、勇氣和自信。
4.The latest surveys show that quite a fewchildren have unpleasant associations with homework。
最近的調(diào)查顯示相當(dāng)多的孩子對(duì)家庭作業(yè)沒(méi)什么好感。
5.To survive and succeed in the 21stcentury, the cross-century talents should have good education backgrounds. 要在21世紀(jì)里不被淘汰且有所成就，垮世紀(jì)人才應(yīng)該是受過(guò)良好教育的人。
6. Computers are playing a very importantrole in our life. With the help of computers, workers can produce more products,scientists can do research work more efficiently, and students can getinformation more quickly。
計(jì)算機(jī)在我們生活的各個(gè)方面都起著重要作用。有了計(jì)算機(jī)的幫助，工人可以生產(chǎn)更多的產(chǎn)品，科學(xué)家可以更高效地做研究，學(xué)生可以更快的查到信息。
7.An investigation shows that femaleworkers tend to have favorable attitude toward retirement。
一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示婦女歡迎退休。
8.At the same time, young people should beencouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonalskills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents andare essential in maintenance of healthy mental condition。
同時(shí)，應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)年輕人和他們的同齡人交往，發(fā)展他們的交際能力，這將幫助他們極大地減少對(duì)父母的依賴并且保持健康的精神狀態(tài)。
9.常用的寫(xiě)作句型套路：
1)定義法
Honesty refers to the quality of a personwho tells the truth and works without cheating. Honesty is regarded as the mostimportant virtue admired everywhere。
誠(chéng)實(shí)指人們講真話、在工作中不欺詐的品質(zhì)。誠(chéng)實(shí)被認(rèn)為是無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)地都受到尊敬的美德。
2)對(duì)比法
Those who oppose this phenomenon argue thatit brings a great burden and pressure to the family, and for students theycannot adapt to the new culture very quickly. But people who are in favor ofsuch behavior maintain that children will be more competitive and well repaidin the future life. 反對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的人認(rèn)為它給家庭帶來(lái)了巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)和壓力，對(duì)學(xué)生而言他們不能很快地適應(yīng)新文化。但是贊成這一行為的人認(rèn)為孩子在未來(lái)會(huì)更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力并得到回報(bào)。
3)There be 結(jié)構(gòu)
There is no sense in leaving importantdecisions to inexperienced people。
把重要的決定留給沒(méi)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人去做作是毫無(wú)道理的。
4)It結(jié)構(gòu)
It is certain that fresh air and exercisesare more valuable than medicine。
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的是呼吸新鮮的空氣和鍛煉比吃藥很可貴。
5)表示結(jié)果
Too much work and too little rest may leadto loss of heath。
過(guò)度工作，極少休息會(huì)損害健康。
6)表?xiàng)l件
Without a degree and with no experience inteaching, her chance of getting the job is slim。
沒(méi)有文憑，沒(méi)有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，她得到這份工作的機(jī)會(huì)微乎其微。
10.Millions of people have to spend moretime and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep afavorable position in the job market。
成千上萬(wàn)的人們不得不花費(fèi)更多的精力和時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)和知識(shí)，以使自己在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)保持優(yōu)勢(shì)。
2021考研英語(yǔ)：小作文幾類信函的寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)
一、信的基本類型
英文書(shū)信主要分為兩大類：私人信函和公務(wù)信函。私人信函是指與朋友、家人之間的往來(lái)書(shū)信，其內(nèi)容比較自由，只需要包括以下幾個(gè)部分即可：日期、稱呼、正文、落款。公務(wù)信函類型多樣，應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛，屬正式文體，包括求職信、辭職信、拒聘信、詢問(wèn)信、復(fù)詢信、留學(xué)和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)信、投訴信、答復(fù)賠償信等。此類信件的共同特點(diǎn)是：1.內(nèi)容明確，不可漫無(wú)目標(biāo);2.措辭誠(chéng)懇，坦然，不能感情夸張;3.語(yǔ)言清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔、有禮。從形式上看應(yīng)該側(cè)重考查公務(wù)信函，因?yàn)橹挥写祟愋藕判栌玫綍?shū)面語(yǔ)的正式語(yǔ)體。
二、各類信函的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)
以下主要針對(duì)公務(wù)信函，介紹幾種常見(jiàn)信函的基本特點(diǎn)。對(duì)于其他不同功能的信件，考生可以根據(jù)本書(shū)的介紹做到舉一反三。在備考階段，考生應(yīng)熟悉各類信函的書(shū)寫(xiě)模式及常用話語(yǔ)并加強(qiáng)練習(xí)。
(1)求職信(Letters of Applying for a Job)
通常包含三個(gè)部分：a)引言部分寫(xiě)明寫(xiě)信原因、具體謀求的職位、獲得申請(qǐng)信息的來(lái)源(如：報(bào)紙廣告、熟人介紹)等。b)發(fā)展部分?jǐn)⑹鲎约耗軌騽偃卧撀毼凰邆涞臈l件，包括教育背景、工作經(jīng)歷、社會(huì)實(shí)踐等。這部分內(nèi)容要具體，不要空洞游說(shuō)或者列舉，用事實(shí)說(shuō)服會(huì)更有力。C)結(jié)尾部分再次表達(dá)對(duì)職位的渴望，爭(zhēng)取面試機(jī)會(huì)。如請(qǐng)求及時(shí)回信、希望當(dāng)面洽談、提供進(jìn)一步接觸的聯(lián)系方式或指出附件中有相關(guān)的證明文件等。
求職信的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、規(guī)范、得體。其常用套語(yǔ)有：
引言：I am writing to apply for the post of... advertised in...
In answer to your advertisement in... for the post of... , I would like to apply for...
I have learned from... (sb) of your opening/vacancy for... (job), and am therefore writing to apply for the post.
發(fā)展：I am now a senior student in (Department) of (University), and I expect to graduate in (date) with a degree in (discipline).
I receive my (degree) in (subject) from (name of university) in (date).
Since graduation, I have been working with (name of company/organization) as (job title)
I was awarded the prize of (title) in (month/year) for (eg. good performance in etc.)
I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job.
結(jié)尾：Enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present employer.
If these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview.
(2)辭職信(Letters of Resignation)
正式的辭職信應(yīng)具備以下要素： a)受理者恰當(dāng)?shù)姆Q呼; b)辭職決定及其理由(如：未受公司重用或尊重，健康、家庭或個(gè)人原因，另覓一份更適合自己的工作等); c)緩和氣氛的語(yǔ)句，如對(duì)原單位所給予工作機(jī)會(huì)以及提供的工作經(jīng)歷表示感謝，對(duì)因自己辭職而給對(duì)方帶來(lái)的不便表示歉意，表達(dá)對(duì)原單位的良好祝愿等等。
需要注意的是：避免負(fù)面評(píng)論。不論什么原因，不要對(duì)你的公司政策、老板、管理人員、同事做任何負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。
常用套語(yǔ)如下：
稱呼：Dear Mr. Smith
(5)投訴信
投投訴信是因?yàn)閷?duì)服務(wù)、商品等不滿而向諸如商店、廠家、消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)等相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)機(jī)構(gòu)寫(xiě)的信件。寫(xiě)此類信件時(shí)候，應(yīng)注意寫(xiě)信的目的不僅僅是表示不滿，更重要的是讓對(duì)方了解并解決你所遇到的問(wèn)題。因此投訴信的內(nèi)容可包括：
1)反映問(wèn)題。比如應(yīng)具體說(shuō)明什么質(zhì)量問(wèn)題，并提供確切的發(fā)票，問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容要明確而具體。
2)說(shuō)明由此問(wèn)題所帶來(lái)的不便、比如時(shí)間或精神上的損失等，內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是。
3)提出解決方案，賠償方法和方式等，所提出的要求要合理。
4)結(jié)尾既要提出希望，比如要求對(duì)方盡快解決問(wèn)題，同時(shí)又要為對(duì)方做出的努力表示感謝，這樣對(duì)方才可能以積極的態(tài)度處理并解決你的問(wèn)題。
投訴信的語(yǔ)氣要堅(jiān)決，但注意禮貌用詞，不宜過(guò)分尖銳，敘述問(wèn)題時(shí)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。其常用套語(yǔ)有：
引言：I am returning... which I bought from your store in... (time).
I must complain about...
發(fā)展：This has put us to great inconvenience.
Therefore, I am returning... and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.
結(jié)尾：We hope that you will understand our expectation of the compensation for our damaged goods.
I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention.
Having been given your excellent reputation, I am sure you will do everything possible to...
(6)建議信
建議信是寫(xiě)信人希望對(duì)解決問(wèn)題有所幫助而向相關(guān)部門或者個(gè)人寫(xiě)的信件，其主要目的是提出自己的意見(jiàn)，希望對(duì)方能夠采納并采取相應(yīng)行動(dòng)。為了達(dá)到交際目的，所提建議要合理、可行、容易讓對(duì)方接受。除此之外還需要注意語(yǔ)氣要和善，要與對(duì)方拉近距離而不可盛氣凌人。
建議信的內(nèi)容一般包括：1)提出亟待解決的問(wèn)題;2) 分析造成問(wèn)題的原因;3)提出解決辦法。
常用套語(yǔ)有：
提出問(wèn)題：It seems that … (not have desired effects, not have obtained the full attention; be not satisfactory/ perfect; have harmful/ deadly/ serious/negative effects)
I am …(deeply/ really/ seriously/ terribly/greatly) concerned / worried / sad / confused about…
分析原因：Currently, … especially … ;Therefore,… ;This leads to…; one of the factors is …;
It is understood that if…it will….
提出解決方法：In order to combat the growing problem of… , … should reduce/ increase/ ensure…; I think it would be more beneficial if you could….; I think it would be helpful to….
(7)道歉信
道歉信是寫(xiě)信人對(duì)未盡之事向收信人表示歉意。所有道歉信都需要注意的是：解釋的理由要真實(shí)而詳細(xì)，態(tài)度要誠(chéng)懇、語(yǔ)言要誠(chéng)摯，從而使收信人理解，并達(dá)到最終諒解。道歉信的內(nèi)容可包括：1)表示歉意并說(shuō)明道歉的事因;2)解釋自己的難處或苦衷;3)請(qǐng)求原諒或提出補(bǔ)救的方法。
常用套語(yǔ)有：
表達(dá)歉意：There's no excuse for … I forgot to ….
I am indeed very sorry for …, but believe I had no intention to…
Here is my deepest apology for ...
Please forgive me for …
解釋苦衷：The fact is that I had …/ Unfortunately I …/ I had a small accident …/ I have some urgent business to deal with My behavior yesterday was inexcusable, and I must tell you how …
請(qǐng)求原諒提出補(bǔ)救方法：I want you to know how badly feel about… and to assure you that it will not happen again.
I realize that particular… is irreplaceable, but I hope you will use the enclosed check to purchase a similar one.
I hope this situation can be mended to everyone's satisfaction.
I can only hope you will forgive … on my part.
(8)感謝信
感謝信的目的是感激對(duì)方為自己的付出，感激之情要傳達(dá)得真摯自然，不要刻意夸大。感謝信所涉及的內(nèi)容多種多樣，比如可以感謝對(duì)方替自己做了一件事情，在自己痛苦時(shí)安慰了自己，出席了自己的宴會(huì)等等。其內(nèi)容包括：1)表達(dá)感激之情2)回顧事情的經(jīng)過(guò) 3)肯定對(duì)方幫助的價(jià)值以及對(duì)自己的影響，表達(dá)自己回報(bào)的愿望。
常用套語(yǔ)有：
表達(dá)感激之情：Thanks so much for…;Abundant thanks to … for…
I'm writing to express my heartfelt thanks for …
On behalf of my whole family, I wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in …I must write to thank you for inviting me to…
肯定對(duì)方幫助的價(jià)值及影響：You will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help. Your …meant more than I can express in words. Nothing can be more precious for me than your…
表達(dá)回報(bào)的愿望：I hope I can return the favor someday … Do call on me if I can ever return the favor.
感謝信中比較特殊是求職者面試后給面試官寫(xiě)的信。此類感謝信的內(nèi)容不只是感謝，而是一般感謝信和求職信的結(jié)合。其主要內(nèi)容包括：(1)感謝對(duì)方給你面談的機(jī)會(huì)，并注明你面試的時(shí)間和所求的職位;(2)說(shuō)明你對(duì)該公司、該職位的興趣，強(qiáng)調(diào)你的知識(shí)與技能符合公司的需要，表示自己能為公司的發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。也可以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或澄清在面談中忽略或沒(méi)有講明的問(wèn)題(3)重申你對(duì)該職位的興趣，主動(dòng)提供更多的材料，表示期待他們的消息。