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2021考研英語(yǔ)備考：作文提升小攻略
一、分詞用于首段描圖
考研英語(yǔ)大作文的文字規(guī)定部分明確給出要求，首段必須對(duì)圖畫或圖表的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描寫闡釋，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用主要是對(duì)圖畫或圖表的具體細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行修飾補(bǔ)充。在句子中若有一個(gè)主體，多個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)，可以用分詞做狀語(yǔ);若遇到簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用分詞做定語(yǔ)。
例1：兩名游客在船上邊吃邊聊，扔了許多垃圾到湖里。
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語(yǔ)。句子的主干是“兩名游客邊吃邊聊”，是一個(gè)“主—謂”結(jié)構(gòu)?！霸诖稀弊龅攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。“扔了許多垃圾到湖里”做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
主干可譯為two visitors are chatting and eating。“扔了許多垃圾到湖里”是句子的主語(yǔ)做的另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以可以譯為伴隨狀語(yǔ)，即throwing various garbages into the lake。
Two visitors are chatting and eating on a boat, throwing various garbages into the lake.
例2：火鍋中有很多被煮的文化元素。
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語(yǔ)。句子主干是“火鍋中有許多文化元素”，是一個(gè)There be結(jié)構(gòu)?！氨恢蟮摹弊觥拔幕亍钡亩ㄕZ(yǔ)。
主干可利用there be句型翻譯為“there are many cultural elements in the hot pot”?！拔幕亍钡男揎椪Z(yǔ)中包含一個(gè)動(dòng)詞“煮”，與“文化元素”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，實(shí)際上是動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)做定語(yǔ)，可譯為分詞被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
There are many cultural elements being boiled in the hot pot.
二、分詞做狀語(yǔ)用于論述
分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表現(xiàn)出與句子主干之間的邏輯關(guān)系，比如說(shuō)明原因、闡述結(jié)果等，與其用其他句子來(lái)表述，不如用分詞更為簡(jiǎn)潔明了。
例1：孩子被父母寵壞了，從來(lái)沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)了解苦難是什么。
過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)表原因。句子的主干是“孩子沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)”，是“主—謂—賓”結(jié)構(gòu)?！氨桓改笇檳牧恕睆倪壿嬌蟻?lái)說(shuō)是主干的原因?！傲私饪嚯y是什么”補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)做的具體內(nèi)容。
“被父母寵壞了”說(shuō)明的是原因，可以譯為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)spoiled by their parents?！坝袡C(jī)會(huì)做某事”譯為have a chance to do。“了解苦難是什么”可以拆分為“了解”和“苦難是什么”，是動(dòng)詞加上一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，譯為learn what hardship means。
Spoiled by their parents, children can never have a chance to learn what hardship means.
例2：考慮到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性，我們必須馬上采取有效措施。
現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)表原因。句子的主干是“我們必須馬上采取有效措施”?！翱紤]到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性”說(shuō)明“采取措施”的原因。
“我們必須馬上采取有效措施”可以譯為 we must take effective measures immediately。“考慮到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性”與主干是因果邏輯關(guān)系，譯為分詞短語(yǔ)considering the severity of the problem。
Considering the severity of the problem, we must take effective measures immediately.
2021考研英語(yǔ)：作文亮點(diǎn)首尾句解析
1、 As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon …
2、As is shown in the pie chart…
這兩個(gè)句式用as引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句引出圖畫或圖表內(nèi)容，意為"漫畫以象征的手法為我們闡述了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)……"，"正如餅狀圖顯示的那樣……"。
3、From the picture we can see…
該句式中的亮點(diǎn)是將介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)置于句首，不影響句子的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。
4、 Portrayed in the set of drawings above are/is…
5、Emerging from the drawing is a miracle:…
6、 Described by the bar chart above are/is…
這三個(gè)句式都是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，非常漂亮。放在篇首，能夠在茫?？季碇校喿x組老師的眼球，分?jǐn)?shù)定會(huì)提升。
7、The cartoonist laid out the image elaborately, placing...at the center of picture.
8、 The implication conveyed in the cartoon is that…
這兩個(gè)句式中使用了分詞結(jié)構(gòu)placing…和conveyed。大家在學(xué)考研語(yǔ)法時(shí)，知道分詞結(jié)構(gòu)是考研英語(yǔ)中的核心考點(diǎn)。如果在寫作中能夠靈活運(yùn)用這一核心考點(diǎn)，閱讀組老師自然會(huì)覺(jué)得咱們考生功底深厚，作文定能得到理想分?jǐn)?shù)。
9、The photo exhibits us an eye-catching scene:…
該句式用特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)(冒號(hào))引出圖畫描述的具體內(nèi)容。這樣的句式，比較方便，考生使用起來(lái)比較靈活。
首段圖畫或圖表內(nèi)容描述清楚后，一定要在作文中提出自己對(duì)該現(xiàn)象或者哲理的看法或觀點(diǎn)，這樣的作文才有深度。
一想到提出看法、觀點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們腦海中立刻浮現(xiàn)的句式" in my opinion"," from my point of view"，"as far as I am concerned"…。這些句式太過(guò)于平凡，無(wú)法讓閱卷組老師眼前一亮。那怎樣讓閱卷組老師歡喜呢?以下幾個(gè)句式，供大家學(xué)習(xí)：
(1)It is undeniable that…(不可否認(rèn)……)
(2) It is obvious that…(明顯的是……)
(3) It occurs to me that…(我想到……)
(4) I give my vote to the former/ the latter opinion. (我同意前者/后者的觀點(diǎn))
(5) be supported by sound reasons(有充分的理由支持)
(6)As the proverb goes…(正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)……)
點(diǎn)睛尾句
1、It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to...
例句：It is hoped that we should pay more attention to the problems of unemployment.
2、Only in this way/only when/only through..., will/can we...
例句：It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want.
3、 As long as..., we will be able to.../the problems is bound to...
例句：As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life.
4、In the course of time/In a long run/In the long term, sth. is more likely/bound/sure to...
例句：In a long run, the practice of birth control is believed to do a great benefit to the future of China.
5、In a word, there is every/little chance/probability/possibility that...in time to come.
例句：In a word, there is every chance that this wise move in economic construction will acquire a broader significance in time to come.
6、Anything/anyone that/who...will have to...
例句：Anyone who has a strong bias against China will have to threat her with increased respect.
7、It is high time that...
例句：It is high time that the issue were to be solved so as to promote the economic development.
8、 We should do our best in eliminating...
例句：We should do our best in eliminating air pollution.
9、The problem is not...; the problem is...
例句：The problem is not that we cannot do it; the problem is that we hate to do such nasty things.
10、In order to..., we must...
例句：In order to make our world a better place in which to live, we must learn to live in harmony with all wildlife species.
11、All the above evidence/experience/ facts goes to show that...
例句：All the above evidence goes to show that the birth of computer has benefited our life greatly.
12、No surprising/ It is apparent that the task of...demands/requires/deserves immediate/serious/considerable attention/consideration.
例句：It is, therefore, apparent that the task of fighting against corruption requires considerable consideration now.
13、We can come to the conclusion that...
例句：We can come to the conclusion that living on campus is the best way of learning independence, and of understanding other people and society at large.
14、 We then have reasons to be confident that in the near future..
例句：We then have reasons to be confident that in the near future, no child is forced out of school because of poverty.
15、 My suggestion is that...; otherwise...
例句：My suggestion is that effective measures should be taken to check population growth; otherwise, the potential consequences are unimaginable.
16、As for me, I have always been taking care to... So, I...
例句：As for me, I have always been taking care to choose a goal and a right path before doing anything important. Then I will work hard and perseveringly. So, I have made some achievements and I will do better.
17、 So I believe a...tomorrow...will be achieved through efforts of every person.
例句：So I believe a safe tomorrow of less car accidents will be achieved through efforts of every person.
18、 Therefore, we should not only...but...as well.
例句：Therefore, we should not only realize that competition and cooperation, like two sides of the coin, have to go hand in hand, but fix more attention on how to make full use of cooperation as well.
19、In short, ...are the major problems to be solved to...
例句：In short, shortage of water, decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution are the major problems to be solved to increase grain production.
20、Who is to say that...?
例句：Who is to say that our scientists may not provide a better theory?
作文要拿高分必須要練，要注意積累好的素材。提升你的遣詞造句的能力。小編梳理分享一批高分句型，大家注意學(xué)以致用：
There be結(jié)構(gòu)
1) There are other techniques that might help you with you studying.
2) There is more entertainment in a good book than is a month of typical TV programming.
3) Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatever.
4) There were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work.
5) In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain.
6) There are so many of thee paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without is being smashed by one.
7) There is much that we can learn from him today.
8) There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.
9) There is no sense(道理)in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.
10) There is little sense in treating the child so severely. After all he is too young to know that he was doing wrong.
11) There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon.
12) There were still situations in which I couldn’t be certain my decision had been the right one.
13) There’s no right or wrong in the situation. There’s just luck.
14) There’s no way to prepare for the next time—no intelligent response to a gun.
15) There is no way to stop the process of aging. In fact, we can only delay it.
16) There are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise (還有一些跡象表明……)
17) There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow(起伏波動(dòng))
18) Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened.
19) There can be on doubt that he is the right person for the job.
20) There is no doubt that their support will make a difference in out cause .
21) There is no doubt that these measures will contribute to the solution of the problem.
22) There is no doubt that Jim had more talent than anybody who ever played football.
23) There’s no substitute(替代物) for practical experience.
24) There is urgent need to debate this issue openly
25) There are tow ways in which one can own a book.
26) There have been some small fluctuation(波動(dòng)) in the past year, but by and large prices have remained stable.
It 結(jié)構(gòu)
1) It is advisable to exercise(擁有) patience in dealing with such complicated situations.
2) It is advisable to place important telephone numbers nest to the phone in case of an emergency.
3) It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter.
4) It is essential that the increase in production should be geared to (適應(yīng)) the increase in public demand.
5) It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.
6) It is thoughtless of some parents to allow their children to watch whatever program is on television.
7) It is incredible(不可思議) that he ate the big cake just in tow bites.
8) It was obvious to everyone that the marriage would sooner or later end in separation if not diverce.
9) It was clear that Dad could do no more than he was doing already.
10) It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more valuable than medicine.
11) It is certain that with determination and hard work you will succeed eventually.
12) It was quite apparent that both sides were making a great effort to win the prize.
13) It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even a fair education an extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to rese high in life.
14) It is easy to fall into bad habits but very difficult to break away form them.
15) It’s not easy to size up (估計(jì)) the situation right now. For we are not well informed on recent developments.
16) It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does.
17) It is not wise to change you money into U . S. currency.
18) It was not until about 1600B.C. when the chariot (馬拉戰(zhàn)車) was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour.
19) It is only recently that science has begun to give us some idea of how the brain really works.
20) It was not until the century that man realized that the whole of the brain was involved in the working of the mind.
21) It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.
22) It was in times of crisis that I finally found out what he was really like.
23) It took the human race millions of years to attain that record.
24) It took a mere twenty-year flick(一瞬) of time to double the limit again.
25) It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth.
26) If it takes less time to bring a new idea to the marketplace, it also takes less time for it to sweep through the society.
27) It will take the council a few weeks to judge the situation before it takes any further action.
28) It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.
29) It is fairly well known that wild animals survive form year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty.
30) It is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.
31) It remains unknown whether there are intelligent beings outside the solar system.
32) It has been pointed out that in 6000B. C. the fastest transportation available to man over.
33) It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more w** able to do.
34) It can be argued that such a response may not mean much (有人認(rèn)為……)
35) It is reported that the electronic industry is going on rapidly in recent year.
36) It is reported that there has been a decrease in the annual birth rate over the last two decades.
37) It is estimated that the total expenses in the trial manufacture of the new products will come to 30,000 yuan.
38) Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest.
39) It has been observed that unemployment brings enormous psychological troubles.
40) Even so, it seemed to him that he was part of the whole event.
41) It seems to me that the Americans are a highly mobile people. Most of them like to travel whenever they get the chance.
42) It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her.
43) But it is only because it is my work to do so.
44) It is an encouraging sign that people’s purchasing power(購(gòu)買力)is on the rise.
45) It is common knowledge that chalk absorbs moisture (濕氣) from the air.
46) It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time.
47) It used to be a popular belief the we could foretell a person’s future on the basis of the date and time of his birth.
48) It pays in the long run (從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度看……) to introduce new technique.
49) It is time for out symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself.
50) It has been only twenty-five years since television came to one of people’s pastimes.
51) It may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual’s happiness and sense of personal achievement.
動(dòng)名詞或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)
1) Improving your study habits will improve your grades.
2) Teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning.
3) Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied.
4) Having little in common is a frequent cause of divorce.
5) Owing sets of books is useless unless you read them.
6) Drinking, eating, and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young person’s health.
7) The art of communication requires learning the language and culture of the audience.
遞進(jìn)式結(jié)構(gòu)
1) Fresh vegetables are nutritious(有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的); furthermore, they re cheaper than frozen ones.
2) We will not only bring joy into other people’s lives, but also added happiness into our own.
3) But teaching offers something beside money and power; it offers love. Not only the love of learning and go books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for his students.
4) Not only should you limber up (做準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)) before exercising, but you must also be sure to cool down afterwards.
5) They do not seem to like one anther very much. Neither are they too keen on conventional people (正統(tǒng)的人)
主語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)
1) What makes it rather disturbing (令人煩惱) was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.
2) But what was most shocking at the time was the thins my release from the charge so clearly depended on .
3) What I remember then is not her failure, but her courage, the courage to go ahead.
過(guò)渡句
1) This is not necessarily the case, however.
2) We want to keep up with the times.
3) Good intentions alone are not enough.
4) It was indeed the case.
5) But modern research has found that this is not so.
6) But it is now thought that this in not so.
7) What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?
8) As for as I am concerned, some days are lucky while others seem marked by bad fortune.
9) And that last ounce is what really counts.
10) What is the point of being rich? (富有的意義何在呢?)
11) What other power matters? [其他的權(quán)力有什么重要的(要緊的)呢?
12) Yet there are advantages to underground life.
表示重要性或必要性
1) It’s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies , and entertainment as well.
2) Improved consumer confidence is extremely important to an economic recovery.
3) What is important in both stories is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.
4) The ability to observe keenly and in detail is necessary for anyone who wishes to become a scientist.
5) To find a solution to a conflict, it is often necessary to make some kind of compromise (妥協(xié))
6) A harmonious atmosphere is essential(necessary / critical / indispensable) to successful reform.
7) It is essential that the increase in production should be geared to (適應(yīng)) the increase in public demand.
8) The essential point is that military sanctions (軍事制裁) cannot be counted on (指望) to produce a sure result.
9) The emphasis of the report is on how technology affects human life rather than business.
10) We should make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a solution to it.
表目的
1) The purpose of a test is to show what you have leaned about a subject.
2) Believe it or not, her only purpose in saying all that is to help you help yourself
3) The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”—students who take tests for other students.
4) The intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word.
5) Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and business.
6) The ultimate object of scientific inquiry is to discover the laws of nature.
11) We note with satisfaction that all these activities have helped to promote mutual understanding and friendship between our two countries.
12) The damage done to manmade structures and to human beings by weather would be gone.
13) The population is leveling off (處于平衡狀態(tài)) in the area as a result of family planning.
14) For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health.
表對(duì)比和比較
1) Of all American cities, San Francisco is considered by many to be by far the most beautiful.
2) Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.
3) We are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more crucial(關(guān)鍵)psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
4) Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.
5) Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one’s potential.
6) Few pastimes bring a family closer together than gathering around and listening to mother or father read good story
7) Man differs most from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use language but we still do not know exactly how this is done.
8) Generally speaking(In general), young people are less conservative(保守)than old people.
9) The way the brain works is far more complicated than they had thought.
10) The more scientists find out, the more questions they are unable to answer.
11) Many Americans choose to travel by car rather than by any other means of transportation.
12) Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket.
13) There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better that any other surgeon.
14) Social customs are different from what they used to be fifty years ago.
15) He has to feel that he’s good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world.
16) Behavior which may be considered quite strange in one culture is often looked upon as completely normal in another.
17) It is as hard to pass her by without giving her some money as it is to ignore the collection box in church.
18) It is as morally hard to turn her away as it is a lost dog.
19) Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
20) We accept the authority of our parents when we are young, but as we mature we may begin to question their advice.
2021考研英語(yǔ)：作文必學(xué)實(shí)用句型解析
一、表示因果或前提關(guān)系
1) Partly because of increased awareness, the incidence(發(fā)病率)of AIDS has dropped in many U.S. cities.
2) This is probably because of the way we are taught as children.
3) Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the feasibility of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth.
4) Because of the pressure(壓力)of examinations, many students are left with little or no free time.
5) How one presents himself at an interview will often decide whether or not he will be given a job.
6) Perhaps it’s because few of us know how to accept compliments(贊揚(yáng))gracefully
7) Because of this defensive reaction, direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give.
8) That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us indirectly, in a letter or passed on by a friend.
9) That is why housework is considered such a dreary grind(乏味的苦差事).
10) I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled (非得)to share.
11) I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar; I teach because teaching is a profession built on change; I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes.
12) I have left out the most important reasons why I teach.
13) The reason for this is that technology feeds on itself
14) Owing to fierce competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been lowered considerably.
15) Owing to the lack of coordination between the two sides, the project has made little progress so far.
16) The teacher tried to encourage her students to become less dependent on their parents because they would sooner or later have to take care of themselves.
17) Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception(欺騙)
18) At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake.