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2021考研英語:閱讀理解的解答細(xì)節(jié)
In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life.tion and symbolic significance
【解析】本題考查原因細(xì)節(jié)定位，根據(jù)題干找到原文in industrial s
21.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recogniocieties..., the period of adolescence is much longer.定位句中并沒有直接出現(xiàn)原因狀語，但是在工業(yè)社會(huì)后出現(xiàn)了后置定語with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor來說明工業(yè)社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，正是由于這一特點(diǎn)，所以在工業(yè)社會(huì)青春期才延長了。該題考查的原因細(xì)節(jié)的出處是一個(gè)介詞短語表達(dá)的，所以考生要清楚：找原因不一定要出現(xiàn)原因關(guān)系詞，其他成分在意思上也可以表達(dá)出因果關(guān)聯(lián)。
Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual.
22.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.
[A] graduations from schools and colleges
[B] social recognition
[C] socio-economic status
[D] certain behavioral changes
【解析】該題考查對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)理解的能力，題干問：之前標(biāo)志青春期的社會(huì)儀式被什么東西取代了?首先要在原文中找到該細(xì)節(jié)定位處，Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps.原文直接給出的答案是a sequence of steps一系列的步驟，但無直接對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)。所以要繼續(xù)看下一句：For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence。該句通過舉例子的形式具體說明小學(xué)畢業(yè)、中學(xué)畢業(yè)、大學(xué)畢業(yè)就是這樣的步驟序列。所以答案對(duì)應(yīng)的是A選項(xiàng)。在定位細(xì)節(jié)的過程中，如果直接定位句沒有答案，則要就近讀取下一句的信息。
A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.
26. The passage is mainly about_______.
[A] an approach to patents
[B] the application for patents
[C] the use of patents
[D] the access to patents
【解析】這篇英語真題第一個(gè)就要求概括文章大意，說明在開頭能總結(jié)出文章主題，所以我們定位到文章開頭句：A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state.主語對(duì)象是A granted patent一個(gè)已經(jīng)被授權(quán)的專利。說明文章是在探討對(duì)于一個(gè)已經(jīng)申請(qǐng)下來的專利接下來會(huì)怎樣，所以可以排除A和B，它們都在講專利的申請(qǐng)過程。C和D都是在講專利的使用，區(qū)別在于D選項(xiàng)access to sth表示獲取或使用某物的機(jī)會(huì)和權(quán)力。所以D選項(xiàng)更為確切。結(jié)合下文by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.發(fā)明者通過專利的保護(hù)可以獲得一段時(shí)期的壟斷權(quán)，在保護(hù)期結(jié)束后就需要公開其發(fā)明的所有細(xì)節(jié)了?？偨Y(jié)概括其中的含義即是在講專利賦予了發(fā)明人什么樣的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.
28. George Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because_______.
[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time
[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time
[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide color programmes
[D] the color TV receiver was not available until that time ________.
【解析】題干問GV的專利保護(hù)被延長到了1971年，為什么?定位句有直接的原因狀語從句，答案既在其中，because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention。此人在1939年發(fā)明了彩色電視機(jī)的接收電路，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)專利存在的期限內(nèi)社會(huì)上還不存在彩色電視去用他的發(fā)明，所以他也無法從該發(fā)明中獲取利益。對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)A和B都有涉及，而找原因一定要找到根本，所以選擇A選項(xiàng)。