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2021考研英語閱讀例證題解題技巧
一說到英語類的考試,估計大家都會發(fā)現(xiàn),閱讀總是占比最大的那一類題型。在考研英語中也不例外。那么在考研英語中,面對40分的閱讀,我們該怎樣去盡可能地提高其分數(shù)來為總分做貢獻呢?
首先,我們得清楚,閱讀這一個題型它具體考查什么能力,這樣我們才能對癥下藥。考綱中明確指出了六大類能力,各類能力也對應(yīng)著六大類題型,依次是:理解文章主旨大意的主旨大意題;區(qū)分論點論據(jù)的例證題;理解作者態(tài)度的態(tài)度題;進行有關(guān)的判斷、推理和引申的推斷題,還有根據(jù)上下文推測生詞句意的詞義句意題和理解文中概念性含義、具體信息的細節(jié)題。
面對以上六大類題型,既然大綱中明確地進行了分類,這也就意味著要解不同的題就要用不同的技巧。接下來我們以例證題為例。
考試的時候遇到了例證題,第一步我們要做的就是識別,準確識別之后才能用上對應(yīng)的解題技巧。從歷年考查的試題中可以總結(jié),即:作者用例子是用來說明什么的。常見表示“例子”的關(guān)鍵詞可以:example/case/instance/story......,表示“說明”的關(guān)鍵詞:illustrate,show、demonstrate......
以下面試題為例,來練習(xí)一下識別:
The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ________.
[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments
[B] science advances when fruitful researches are conducted
[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research
[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research
通過example可以看出是個例證題,接下來就是要思考該如何去解題。當然從文章作者的寫作意圖去出發(fā),舉例的目的就是為了證明其觀點,所以例證題考查的就是這個例子證明的觀點而不是例證本身。而且從議論文的寫作角度來看,例子證明的觀點一般都是在例證之前,因此例證題通過例子定位之后,直接去找例子之前的論點句解題即可。接下來,我們就要嘗試來解一解這道題。
Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn’t they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.
根據(jù)題干里面的Isaac Newton我們可以鎖定其證明的論點句就是:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. 這句的的大意為:實際上,科學(xué)的進步,比起所進行的實驗,更依賴于實驗的觀察者(即做實驗的人)有所準備的頭腦。所以答案可以很快地對應(yīng)到iring minds are more important than scientific experiments(求知的頭腦比科學(xué)實驗更為重要)。其他選項都是例子本身的細節(jié)在做干擾,答非所問。