雅思閱讀:如何根據定義猜測詞義

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    雅思閱讀,猜詞技巧,點撥
    為了更好地表達文章的主旨,揭示所要詮釋的思想,作者往往常常在文章中對一些比較重要的詞匯、概念和難懂的術語等做出一些解釋,這種解釋稱作針對性解釋,它可以提供明確的信息,可以利用這些針對性解釋來猜測詞義。
    1根據定義猜測詞義
    如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義,理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。
    例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man.
    由定義可知,anthropology就是“研究人類的科學”。
    In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
    同樣,從上下文的定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是“困境”。定義句的謂語動詞多為:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
    2根據復述猜測詞義
    雖然復述不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細,但是提供的信息足以使閱讀者猜出生詞詞義。復述部分可以適當詞、短語或是從句。
    同位語 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
    此例逗號中短語意為“對詞意義進行研究的學科”。該短語與前面生詞semanties式同位關系,因此我們不難猜出semanties指“語義學”。
    在復述中構成同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接,有時也使用破折號,冒號,分號,引號,和括號等。
    Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
    由同位語我們很快猜出生詞capacitance詞義---電容量。
    需要注意的是:同位語前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副詞或短語出現。
    定語從句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
    根據生詞SAD后面定語從句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位語a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我們可以推斷出 SAD含義,即“季節(jié)性情緒紊亂癥”。
    3根據舉例猜測詞義
    恰當的舉例能夠提供猜測生詞的重要線索,例如:
    The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.
    句中“戰(zhàn)爭”和“重大科學發(fā)現”是生詞的實例,通過它們我們可以猜出epochal的大致詞義“重要的”,這與其確切含義“劃時代的”十分接近。