雅思學(xué)術(shù)類閱讀包含三篇寫作方式多樣的文章，總計(jì)長(zhǎng)度約在2000到2750字之間，考生需要在60分鐘內(nèi)解答40道題目，平均1.5分鐘就要解決一道題，在答題時(shí)間上要求還是比較高的，因此掌握一定的詞匯量和做題技巧是非常有必要的。此外，文章選材范圍廣泛，題型多樣化，專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)時(shí)常出現(xiàn)，這讓很多考生對(duì)雅思閱讀失去了信心。為了能夠在擁有一定詞匯量的基礎(chǔ)上快速提高雅思閱讀，這就要求我們要深入了解雅思閱讀的考點(diǎn)所在。本系列文章中，專家將從單詞與詞組出發(fā)探討雅思閱讀的同義替換詞考點(diǎn)所在。
一、純粹的單詞考點(diǎn)
雅思文章的內(nèi)容包含教育，科技，人文，生物，歷史等等。如果想要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)理解一篇文章的大致意思，考生還是要具備一定的詞匯量的。一般說(shuō)來(lái)考生要具備6000-8000個(gè)單詞，核心詞匯也要掌握5000左右，否則在考試中考查純粹單詞的題目中，因單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)而導(dǎo)致的失分會(huì)很可惜。例如：
1. C5T1P1 It took into account subtleties of meaning.
解析：subtlety意為“細(xì)微的差別，微妙之處”，如果單詞認(rèn)識(shí)的話，很快與文中的Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with different shades of meaning. 對(duì)應(yīng)上，意思是作者都考慮到了單詞意思的細(xì)微之處。
2. C5T1P3 Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons.
解析：根據(jù)Environmentalists我們可以定位到原文信息For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. 如果不知道pessimistic是“悲觀的”的意思，不能與getting worse對(duì)應(yīng)上，就無(wú)法判斷這道題為YES。
3. C6T4P1 It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.
解析：Legitimate意為“合法的，合情合理的”，與文中信息Pharmaceutical companies have every right to make a profit.相匹配，在此right為“權(quán)利”的意思，故答案為YES.
4. C6T4P3 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?
A. Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.
B. Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.
C. Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.
D. Bullying is a less serious problems in Norway than in the UK.
解析：通過(guò)Norway定位到原文In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period ,bullying was halved. 意思為：在挪威，經(jīng)過(guò)一次全國(guó)范圍的干預(yù)運(yùn)動(dòng)之后，對(duì)42所學(xué)校的一項(xiàng)評(píng)估顯示，在兩年多的時(shí)間內(nèi)欺凌行為減少了一半。在教學(xué)中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)很多同學(xué)不知道 optimum是“最佳的，最理想的”意思，因此誤選C。雖然有些學(xué)生也不知道anti-bullying campaign是什么意思，但是三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都出現(xiàn)了因此不會(huì)造成太大干擾，同學(xué)有可能會(huì)把它與intervention campaign對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)。但是如果看不出halve是“將.....減半”的意思，就很難與正確選項(xiàng)A中突然出現(xiàn)的50%對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)。
5. C7T2P1 Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order to
A. improve skyscraper design.
B. be able to build mew pagodas.
C. learn about dynamics of pagodas.
D. understand ancient mathematics.
解析：根據(jù)人名Shuzo Ishida定位到文中：Mr Ishida, known to his students as 'Professor Pagoda' because of his passion to understand the pagoda,has built a series of models and tested them on a 'shake-table' in his laboratory. 如果不理解perform experiment是“做實(shí)驗(yàn)”的意思，就不會(huì)與文中的in his laboratory聯(lián)系起來(lái)，如果不認(rèn)識(shí)dynamics, 就很難跟'shake-table'對(duì)應(yīng)上，dynamics意為“動(dòng)力學(xué)，動(dòng)態(tài)，力度”，正確選項(xiàng)為C, 而在教學(xué)中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)由于單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，一些學(xué)生憑借想象最終誤選B。
6. C8T2P1 The metal used in the float process had to have specific properties.
解析：根據(jù)metal和float process定位到文中第三段第五行The metal had to metal at a temperature less than the hardening point of glass(about 6000℃), but could not boil at a temperature below the temperature of the molten glass(about 1500℃). The best metal for the job was tin. 文中詳細(xì)表達(dá)了用于制作玻璃時(shí)金屬的要求，對(duì)熔點(diǎn)和沸點(diǎn)都有特殊的要求，最適合的金屬就是錫，顯然有特定的屬性。而題目中的properties不認(rèn)識(shí)，導(dǎo)致這題誤選NG。