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Education Can Help Prevent Obesity（教育能幫助預(yù)防肥胖）
In many middle and low-income countries, obesity levels rise along with income. But a new study says the better-educated women are -- the better their chances of avoiding obesity.
譯文：“在對(duì)許多中低收入的國(guó)家中的調(diào)查表明，人們的肥胖水平與其收入高低密切相關(guān)。但一份新研究則表示：受教育水平越高的女性，越能夠避免肥胖。”
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)剖析：“middle and low-income countries”中低收入國(guó)家。“along with”隨著
Dr. Amina Aitsi-Selmi is the lead author of the University College London study. She wanted to know if trends in high-income countries could be found elsewhere.
譯文：“Amina Aitsi-Selmi博士為倫敦大首席作者，她想了解這一趨勢(shì)在高收入國(guó)家是否也存在。”
“We know that in high income countries education and income tend to go together -- and that those who are most educated and have the highest income tend to be thinnest and the opposite being true,” she said.
譯文：“我們知道，在高收入國(guó)家里，受教育水平的高低與個(gè)人收入趨向正相關(guān)，那些擁有高學(xué)歷和高收入的女性身材似乎趨向更加苗條，反之亦然。Aitsi-Selmi說(shuō)道。”
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)剖析：“high income countries”高收入國(guó)家。“tend to”往往。
The study looked at the middle-income countries of Egypt, Jordan and Colombia – and the low-income countries of Nigeria, India and Benin. These are countries where income levels are on the rise. As a result, women are buying higher calorie foods. Researchers call them energy-dense foods. Simply put, they can pack on the pounds because they’re often laden with sugar, salt and fat. These can be processed foods or so-called fast foods.
譯文： “這次研究包含了一些中等收入國(guó)家(如埃及、約旦和哥倫比亞)和低等收入國(guó)家(如尼日利亞、印度和貝寧)的調(diào)查。這些國(guó)家的收入水平正普遍提高，但這也導(dǎo)致一些女性傾向選擇含更高卡路里的食物。研究人員稱其為“高熱量食品。簡(jiǎn)言之，她們是因?yàn)榻?jīng)常食用含高糖分、高鹽分和高脂肪的食品而增重。例如一些加工類食品或快餐食品。”
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)剖析：“middle-income countries”中等收入國(guó)家。“low-income countries”低等收入國(guó)家。
Aitsi-Selmi said, “The study shows that although higher income or higher wealth seems to be correlated with a greater risk of obesity in women in middle income countries – and low income countries as well – in middle income countries something strange happened in that education seemed to start protecting against this effect. So that women with higher education weren’t affected by this wealth effect that made other women more obese.”
譯文：“Aitsi-Selmi表示：研究顯示，盡管在某些中低收入國(guó)家中，高收入或高資產(chǎn)的女性似乎更趨向肥胖，但事無(wú)絕對(duì)。在中等收入國(guó)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了“教育”能避免這一趨勢(shì)。那些高學(xué)歷的女性正打破“高資產(chǎn)讓女性更肥胖”之說(shuō)。”
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)剖析：“be correlated with”與……相關(guān)。
There may be a few explanations for this.
其原因可能如下：
“It could be that more educated women just have that different body shape preferences. They’re more in contact with Western images of beauty, which promote thinness. It could also be that they have better health understanding – different time preferences – so they kind of invest in future health,” she said.
譯文：“一方面，高學(xué)歷的女性可能有不同的體態(tài)偏好，她們更欣賞西方女性偏瘦的體態(tài)美。另一方面可能源于她們對(duì)健康更深的認(rèn)識(shí)，目光更為長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，她們懂得為自己的健康做長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)投資。”她說(shuō)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)剖析：“body shape”體態(tài)。
But the link between education, wealth and health appears a bit different in low-income countries. It may have to do with past economic conditions when many types of high-calorie foods were scarce. The desire for those foods now may outweigh the protective education-effect seen in middle and high-income countries.
譯文：而在低收入國(guó)家，教育、收入和健康的關(guān)系又有些不同。這可能與他們過(guò)去的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件有關(guān)，那時(shí)候各類高熱能食品十分稀少。因此與中高收入水平國(guó)家不同，他們對(duì)高熱能食品的渴望遠(yuǎn)超于高等教育對(duì)她們的影響。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)剖析：“economic conditions”經(jīng)濟(jì)條件
“The greater scarcity means that obesity is just not an issue in that kind of environment. Any advantage you might have, socio-economically, where there is higher education or higher wealth, might be used to be able to access a greater quantity of food. And the market isn’t as complex as a middle-income county where you have lots of products – and there are lots of decisions to be made. And that’s where education may start to kick in as something that helps consumers to make decisions,” she said.
譯文：“在能量食品匱乏的環(huán)境下，是否肥胖對(duì)她們來(lái)說(shuō)已經(jīng)不那么重要了。她們只認(rèn)為高學(xué)歷和高收入是她們擁有更高品質(zhì)食物的優(yōu)勢(shì)。而且在低收入國(guó)家的市場(chǎng)上提供的商品選擇略顯單一。當(dāng)她們也像在中等收入國(guó)家，需要在種類繁多的食品中做出自己的選擇時(shí)，高等教育就開始發(fā)揮作用了。”她說(shuō)。
Also, low income countries may not have public health systems in place to deal with growing obesity levels. Obesity has been linked to such non-communicable diseases as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
譯文：而且，低收入國(guó)家還沒有完善的公共健康體系來(lái)幫助解決日漸增長(zhǎng)的肥胖問題。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些非傳染性疾病如癌癥、糖尿病、和心血管疾病的發(fā)生與肥胖癥密切相關(guān)。
語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)剖析：“deal with growing obesity levels”解決日漸增長(zhǎng)的肥胖問題。
Dr. Aitsi-Selmi said more study is needed on the “interplay between education and the wider environment.”
譯文：Aitsi-Selmi 博士表示“教育”與“社會(huì)環(huán)境”對(duì)肥胖水平的影響需要進(jìn)一步的研究。
She said, “Interventions could target either the education side of things to encourage women’s education or health knowledge. I mean we need to look in more detail in the pathways that link education to obesity. Or it could be to do with the general environment and the kind of information that is in the environment. And that, in some ways, puts those who don’t have education at a disadvantage because the signals coming from the environment might promote unhealthy behaviors like over consumption.”
譯文：“在教育方面，我們需要更細(xì)致的研究。例如采取一些干預(yù)措施，鼓勵(lì)女性提高教育或健康知識(shí)水平。我們也要進(jìn)一步了解社會(huì)的總體環(huán)境及其傳達(dá)出來(lái)的大眾信息。因?yàn)?，社?huì)上一些“不健康食品”的宣傳信息，可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)某些受教育程度不高的女性，導(dǎo)致她們過(guò)度購(gòu)買垃圾食品。”
That environmental information may include multi-media advertisements, which tell consumers fast food is delicious, cheap and easy to get. They often lack details on the food’s nutritional value.
譯文：這類宣傳信息包括一些多媒體廣告，它們告訴消費(fèi)者那些零食是多么的美味實(shí)惠又便利，卻對(duì)其營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值缺乏說(shuō)明。
Education, she said, can be a good defense against unhealthy food choices.
譯文：“而教育，就能讓消費(fèi)者減少錯(cuò)誤的選擇。” Aitsi-Selmi 如是說(shuō)。
“Yeah, I think that’s fair to say. If you understand the risks that are around you and how your decisions affect your health, then you’ll probably make different decisions.”
譯文：“我認(rèn)為恰當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō)，如果你了解到你身邊存在的飲食風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且意識(shí)到食物的選擇對(duì)你的健康如此重要，你會(huì)做出不一樣的選擇。”
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