雖然講演講很大程度上都是口語(yǔ)化的表達(dá)，但是當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)到具體的專業(yè)以及具體的領(lǐng)域的時(shí)候，還是會(huì)有很多的詞匯你沒(méi)有辦法全部了解！和出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編一起來(lái)看看演講中必考的托福雅思詞匯講解。
l 重點(diǎn)詞匯解析：（英文+詞性+文中中文釋義）
四會(huì)詞匯：
1. life hack 生活技巧
注解：life hack最初含義是指電腦黑客們使用的一些非常巧妙高效的“黑客技巧”?，F(xiàn)在life hack被引申為指各種能提高個(gè)人辦事效率的方法和技巧，而不僅限于黑客的領(lǐng)域，可以使用在生活的方方面面。
2. posture n. 〔坐、立的〕姿勢(shì)，姿態(tài)
3. hunch v. 弓身，弓背
4. cross legs 蹺二郎腿
5. wrap ankles 抱住腳踝
6. hold onto arms 雙手抱臂
7. spread out 伸展開(kāi)身體
8. tweak n. 對(duì)〔機(jī)器、汽車或系統(tǒng)〕作小小的改進(jìn)
注解：文中是指對(duì)姿勢(shì)做一些調(diào)整改進(jìn)
9. unfold v. （使）逐漸展現(xiàn)，展示
補(bǔ)充例句：We＇ll have more news as events unfold..
10. contemptuous adj. 輕蔑的，鄙視的； 傲慢不恭的
11. gubernatorial adj. 州長(zhǎng)的，州長(zhǎng)職位的
12. emoticon n. 情感符號(hào)， 表情符號(hào) （如 ：-） 表示笑臉）
13. stretch out 伸開(kāi)，伸展（肢體）
14. primate 靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物
15. chronically adv. 長(zhǎng)期地
16. congenitally adv. 〔病癥等〕先天的
17. finish line終點(diǎn)線
18. wrap v. 〔用手臂、腿或手指〕圍住〔某物〕
注解：文中wrap ourselves up 表示用手臂圍住自己，蜷縮的樣子
19. bump into sb （無(wú)意地）碰，撞
注解：bump into sb 還有偶然遇見(jiàn)某人的意思，但是在文中We don＇t want to bump into the person next to us. 表示的意思是不希望肢體不小心碰到鄰座。
20. complement v. 補(bǔ)充，補(bǔ)足，互補(bǔ)
注解：文中說(shuō)的complement the other＇s nonverbal 表示body language是相反的，如若對(duì)方是強(qiáng)勢(shì)的姿勢(shì)，那么己方便會(huì)呈現(xiàn)弱勢(shì)的姿勢(shì)。
21. laid back adj. 閑散的
22. dub v. 把…稱為，給…起綽號(hào)
23. spit v. 吐唾沫
24. vial v. 〔裝藥、香水等的〕小瓶
25. saliva n. 唾液
26. prime sb with sth 事先指點(diǎn)；使（某人）做好準(zhǔn)備
補(bǔ)充例句：They had been primed with good advice.
27. whopping adj. 極大的，異常大的
28. baseline n. 〔尤指醫(yī)學(xué)或科學(xué)中的〕基線，準(zhǔn)線
29. heckle v. （對(duì)演說(shuō)者）責(zé)問(wèn)，詰問(wèn)
30. quicksand n. 難以擺脫的困境，危險(xiǎn)局面
31. spike n. 激增
32. imposter n. 騙子，冒名頂替者
33. rehab n. 康復(fù)，恢復(fù) [全寫(xiě)為 rehabilitation]
34. traumatic adj. 〔經(jīng)歷〕痛苦難忘的，造成精神創(chuàng)傷的
35. take a gamble on 打賭
認(rèn)知詞匯：
1. testosterone n. 睪酮，睪丸素
2. cortisol n. [生化] 皮質(zhì)醇；考的索
l 重點(diǎn)句子賞析：（英文+翻譯+語(yǔ)法/特殊用法等角度分析）
Even more dramatic， Alex Todorov at Princeton has shown us that judgments of political candidates＇ faces in just one second predict 70 percent of U.S. Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes， and even， let＇s go digital， emoticons used well in online negotiations can lead to you claim more value from that negotiation.
翻譯：更為戲劇化的是，普林斯頓的Alex Todoroy給我們指出在一秒鐘的時(shí)間里對(duì)政治候選人臉部的評(píng)判，能預(yù)測(cè)出70%的美國(guó)參議院和州長(zhǎng)競(jìng)選結(jié)果；甚至在網(wǎng)上談判時(shí)，若表情符號(hào)使用得好，能幫助你在談判中獲得更多的價(jià)值。
分析：句子開(kāi)頭處的“Even more dramatic”的比較級(jí)，是相對(duì)于前文中所提到的通過(guò)旁人觀察醫(yī)生友好程度來(lái)判斷醫(yī)生會(huì)不會(huì)被投訴的情況。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have shown…that帶起賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中有兩個(gè)并列的從句，中間用and even來(lái)連接，表示并列遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系。其中前半部分中，主語(yǔ)是judgments of political candidates’ faces in just one second，謂語(yǔ)是predict，賓語(yǔ)是U.S. Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes，Senate是參議院，美國(guó)分參眾兩院，眾議院叫the House of Representatives，gubernatorial表示州長(zhǎng)的，與州長(zhǎng)職務(wù)相關(guān)的，gubernatorial跟governor聯(lián)系。而后半部分中，and even在邏輯上并列遞進(jìn)，雙逗號(hào)中的let’s go digital是插入語(yǔ)，表明后半部分要說(shuō)關(guān)于網(wǎng)上的事兒，主語(yǔ)emoticons是表情符號(hào)，特別是在郵件中或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天中會(huì)用到的表情符號(hào)如：-） 表示笑臉，emoticons后面的used well是分詞后置做定語(yǔ)修飾emoticons，表示使用得好/合適的表情符號(hào)，再后面的 in online negotiations是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是can lead to，當(dāng)然這里更加正式的語(yǔ)法應(yīng)該為can lead you to claim…（估計(jì)是口誤），claim value from the negotiation從談判中獲得更多價(jià)值。
Physiologically， there also are differences on two key hormones： testosterone， which is the dominance hormone， and cortisol， which is the stress hormone.
翻譯：從生理上，對(duì)兩種關(guān)鍵的荷爾蒙的影響也有差異之處：睪丸素，是支配控制激素，可的松，是壓力激素。
分析：開(kāi)頭的Physiologically告訴我們這句話主要討論的是生理方面的信息，also是由于前文中說(shuō)到powerful people和powerless people之間的心理有很多的differences，然后這句話就主要講生理上也有differences（后文中說(shuō)到high testosterone， low cortisol，這就是bodies對(duì)于兩種激素的影響上的差異 ）。冒號(hào)后面是介紹了two key hormones分別是什么，中間用and并列，兩種激素后面都用which帶起定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)做解釋。
So I really struggled with this， and I have to say， having your identity taken from you， your core identity， and for me it was being smart， having that taken from you， there＇s nothing that leaves you feeling more powerless than that.
翻譯：所以我確實(shí)有過(guò)一番掙扎，我必須說(shuō)，當(dāng)你的身份特征被剝奪，你的核心身份特征，對(duì)我而言是我以前高智商，如果這被剝奪了，那么沒(méi)有什么比這更讓你感覺(jué)無(wú)力了。
分析：開(kāi)頭的this是前面演講者講的自己的故事，小時(shí)候被人認(rèn)為是很有天賦的小孩，但是后來(lái)一場(chǎng)車禍導(dǎo)致智力下降，然后一些旁人說(shuō)她沒(méi)法完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)，這個(gè)經(jīng)歷讓她十分掙扎。Having your identity taken away from you…這里可以看成是非謂語(yǔ)部分，后面的部分也都在解釋對(duì)于她自己來(lái)說(shuō)高智商的身份特征被剝奪了，主句是there’s nothing than that，nothing后面跟that帶起的定語(yǔ)從句。沒(méi)什么比這更讓你感覺(jué)無(wú)力，換句話說(shuō)就是這個(gè)事情讓你感覺(jué)最無(wú)力。
Configure your brain to cope the best in that situation. Get your testosterone up. Get your cortisol down. Don＇t leave that situation feeling like， oh， I didn＇t show them who I am. Leave that situation feeling like， oh， I really feel like I got to say who I am and show who I am.
翻譯：調(diào)整你的大腦最好地應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況。讓你的睪丸素上升，讓你的可的松下降。不要讓這種情況結(jié)果變成感覺(jué)自己沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出真實(shí)的自己，而是應(yīng)該讓這種情況結(jié)果變成我確實(shí)應(yīng)該說(shuō)我是我自己，我也表現(xiàn)出了真實(shí)的自己。
分析：這些祈使句節(jié)奏明快。開(kāi)頭的configure本義表示對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備進(jìn)行配置，或?qū)蜍浖M(jìn)行設(shè)定，在這里的意思是調(diào)整你的大腦。in that situation是前面句中提到的the next stressful evaluative situation。
l 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：
Theme 1：Our nonverbals govern how we think and feel about ourselves as well as how other people think and feel about us.
Theme 2：Our minds change our bodies， but it is also true that our bodies change our minds.
Theme 3：Power posing for a few minutes really can change our life in meaningful ways， such as the outcomes of stressful evaluation situations. So we can fake it and become it until we make it.
l 鞏固提問(wèn)：
1. What are the nonverbal expressions when we feel powerful and powerless？
2. What do the minds of powerful versus the powerless look like？
3. How are the two key hormones like for powerful and effective leaders？
4. Why does the author mention “social quicksand”？
l 參考答案：
1. When we feel powerful， we stretch out and take up space and open up. When we feel powerless， we do exactly the opposite. We close up and wrap ourselves up， making ourselves small.
2. Powerful people tend to be more assertive， more confident and more optimistic. They actually feel that they’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks.
3. Powerful and effective leaders have high testosterones， which make them powerful， assertive as well as dominant， and low cortisol， which make them not very stress reactive.
4. The social quicksand is highly stressful evaluative situation where your cortisol spikes. That’s the point when only your true selves matter. The author mentions the social quicksand in order to show that power posing for a few minutes can lower your cortisol and really change your life in meaningful ways such as the outcomes of the job interview.