Autobiographical Memory
Paragraph 1：Think back to your childhood and try to identify your earliest memory. How old were you? Most people are not able to recount memories for experiences prior to the age of three years, a phenomenon called infantile amnesia. The question of why infantile amnesia occurs has intrigued psychologists for decades, especially in light of ample evidence that infants and young children can display impressive memory capabilities. Many find that understanding the general nature of autobiographical memory, that is, memory for events that have occurred in one's own life, can provide some important clues to this mystery. Between ages three and four, children begin to give fairly lengthy and cohesive descriptions of events in their past. What factors are responsible for this developmental turning point?
1. The word “ample” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○Surprising
○Convincing
○Plentiful
○Questionable
題型：詞匯題
解題思路： 根據(jù)句義，這句句子說的是“嬰兒失憶癥為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾十年來一直吸引著心理學(xué)家，特別是有充分的證據(jù)表明，嬰幼兒可以顯示令人印象深刻的記憶能力”。 “ample”是一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“充足的，足夠的”。
重點(diǎn)句子翻譯：
The question of why infantile amnesia occurs has intrigued psychologists for decades, especially in light of ample evidence that infants and young children can display impressive memory capabilities.
嬰兒失憶癥為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾十年來一直吸引著心理學(xué)家，特別是有充分的證據(jù)表明，嬰幼兒可以顯示令人印象深刻的記憶能力。
2. According to paragraph 1, infantile amnesia has intrigued psychologists because
O the ability to recount memories prior to three years of age seems to be connected to intelligence in adulthood
O psychologists do not understand why some people are able to recount memories from before the age of three years, while others are not able do so
O psychologists do not understand the connection between infantile amnesia and autobiographical memory
O although psychologists have evidence that infants have memory abilities, most people cannot remember life events that happened before the age of three years
題型：細(xì)節(jié)題
定位詞： infantile amnesia has intrigued psychologists because
解 題思路：根據(jù)定位詞回原文定位， “especially in light of ample evidence that”提示了答案的出現(xiàn)，即“infants and young children can display impressive memory capabilities”，選項(xiàng)D為這句話的同義改寫，為正確選項(xiàng)。
重點(diǎn)句子翻譯：
The question of why infantile amnesia occurs has intrigued psychologists for decades, especially in light of ample evidence that infants and young children can display impressive memory capabilities.
嬰兒失憶癥為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)幾十年來一直吸引著心理學(xué)家，特別是有充分的證據(jù)表明，嬰幼兒可以顯示令人印象深刻的記憶能力。
3. According to paragraph 1, what is the evidence that a child has developed autobiographical memory?
O The child is able to remember past events from before the age of three years.
O The child is able to describe past events in a sufficiently lengthy and cohesive manner.
O The child is aware that he or she does not remember experiences from before the age of three years.
O The child is able to give a basic description of the nature of autobiographical memory.
題型：細(xì)節(jié)題
定位詞： a child has developed autobiographical memory
解 題思路：根據(jù)定位詞回原文，提到 autobiographical memory的后面一句話是答案的所在之處，即 “children begin to give fairly lengthy and cohesive descriptions of events in their past”, 選項(xiàng)B是這句話的同義改寫，為正確選項(xiàng)。
重點(diǎn)句子翻譯：
Between ages three and four, children begin to give fairly lengthy and cohesive descriptions of events in their past.
Paragraph 2：Perhaps the explanation goes back to some ideas raised by influential Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget—namely, that children under age two years represent events in a qualitatively different form than older children do. According to this line of thought, the verbal abilities that blossom in the two year old allow events to be coded in a form radically different from the action-based codes of the infant. Verbal abilities of one year olds are, in fact, related to their memories for events one year later. When researchers had one year olds imitate an action sequence one year after they first saw it, there was correlation between the children's verbal skills at the time they first saw the event and their success on the later memory task. However, even children with low verbal skills showed evidence of remembering the event; thus, memories may be facilitated by but are not dependent on those verbal skills.
4. In paragraph 2, why does the author provide the information that children with low verbal skills showed evidence of remembering a past event?
O To provide evidence that memories do not depend only upon verbal skills
O To challenge the idea that one year olds are too young to form memories
O To argue that the memory of one year olds depends only on action-based codes
O To suggest that Piaget later revised his findings on the correlation between memory and verbal ability
題型：修辭目的題
定位詞： children with low verbal skills showed evidence of remembering a past event
解題思路：最后一句出現(xiàn)定位詞，答案在后半句“memories may be facilitated by but are not dependent on those verbal skills”，所以A項(xiàng)正確。
重點(diǎn)句子翻譯：
However, even children with low verbal skills showed evidence of remembering the event; thus, memories may be facilitated by but are not dependent on those verbal skills.
然而，口頭表達(dá)能力低的兒童表明有記得事件的證據(jù)，因此，回憶也許是便利而不是依賴于那些口頭表達(dá)能力。
Paragraph 3：Another suggestion is that before children can talk about past events in their lives, they need to have a reasonable understanding of the self as a psychological entity. The development of an understanding of the self becomes evident between the first and second years of life and shows rapid elaboration in subsequent years. The realization that the physical self has continuity in time, according to this hypothesis, lays the foundation for the emergence of autobiographical memory.
5. The word "reasonable" in the passage is closest in meaning to
O consistent
O sufficient
O apparent
O deep
題型：詞匯題
解題思路： “reasonable”是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單詞，意思為“合理的；過得去的”， 利用排除法可以得出正確答案為B。
重點(diǎn)句子翻譯：
Another suggestion is that before children can talk about past events in their lives, they need to have a reasonable understanding of the self as a psychological entity.
另一個(gè)建議是，在孩子們可以談?wù)撍麄兊纳钔轮?，他們需要有一個(gè)作為心理實(shí)體的充分的自我認(rèn)識(shí)。