新托福閱讀考試中遇到生詞怎么辦
在新托福閱讀考試中有些同學(xué)一遇到生詞就不可避免感到驚慌，大腦空白，甚至影響閱讀的思路和節(jié)奏，以致于影響最后的得分。
不可否認(rèn)，巨大的詞匯量是高質(zhì)量的閱讀和高質(zhì)量的口語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)。但當(dāng)遇到生詞時(shí)總查字典又不現(xiàn)實(shí)(特別是在考試時(shí))，那么我們不妨利用上下文來(lái)推測(cè)，看看我們有多大的猜詞本領(lǐng)。強(qiáng)大的猜詞本領(lǐng)無(wú)疑會(huì)有助于托福閱讀速度和閱讀能力的提高。
1.根據(jù)定義、解釋猜測(cè)詞義
We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.由后面的解釋我們可以得知：“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“雜食的”。
2.根據(jù)復(fù)述(同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等)猜測(cè)詞義
Today, I’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.
后面的同位語(yǔ)告訴我們“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化。”
3.根據(jù)舉例猜測(cè)詞義
After breakfast, many people go to church; but the children will be playing with their new toys, and the mother will probably be preparing the Christmas dinner. This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.
“chicken, turkey, duck, goose”同屬“poultry：家禽”。
4.根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.
“while”是一個(gè)顯示對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞，“reticent”與“talking”相對(duì)應(yīng)，“reticent”：沉默的。
5.根據(jù)比喻關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork (軟木塞) in water.
把熱氣球比作水中的軟木塞，說(shuō)明“buoyant ”的意義：“漂浮;浮力。”
6.根據(jù)同義詞的替代猜測(cè)詞義
Venus rotates retrograde, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the Sun.
由“backwards”這一替代詞得知“retrograde”的意思：“向后的。”
7.有時(shí)也可根據(jù)一般性常識(shí)/生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義
The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.
門(mén)太低，我的頭撞在“lintel門(mén)楣”上了。
8.也可根據(jù)詞形構(gòu)造猜測(cè)詞義
More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.
form是詞根, formation“形式”，mal-:構(gòu)詞前綴，可表示“壞、惡、不良”，還可表示“不、不正常、不當(dāng)、非法。”malformation的意思就應(yīng)該是“畸形。”更多的例子如：malnutrition: 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良;malconduct:(公職人員的)胡作非為;maladjustive: 引起失調(diào)的;不利調(diào)節(jié)的。
當(dāng)然，要想做到這一點(diǎn)，就必須掌握英語(yǔ)常用的前綴、后綴及詞根的意義。
其實(shí)，新托福閱讀的目的在于獲得整個(gè)句子、整個(gè)段落、乃至整個(gè)篇章的思想，而不是各個(gè)孤立的詞匯的意義。新托福閱讀考試中，考查的是考生對(duì)段落中心思想整體把握的能力，只要能獲得閱讀材料的主要信息，并隨后能用自己的話(huà)加以陳述，一兩個(gè)生詞不會(huì)有什么大礙。