托福閱讀 同義改寫(xiě)題型怎么解答
首先，“同義改寫(xiě)”會(huì)影響到“定位”的準(zhǔn)確與速度。新托福閱讀十類題型中的事實(shí)信息題、列舉排除題、推理題以及填表題都涉及到了原文定位的問(wèn)題。定位的準(zhǔn)確與速度也是影響閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)的一個(gè)重要因素。定位的時(shí)候，首先確定大區(qū)間，也就是題干中給我們具體的指示“According to paragraph X" ,"In paragraph X" 定位具體的段落，或是根據(jù)“閱讀文章行文順序與行文順序基本一致”的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行大區(qū)間的定位;下一步就是確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞。
但是，回原文中定位的時(shí)候，有時(shí)并不一定可以找到一模一樣的“關(guān)鍵詞”，因?yàn)橥懈ｉ喿x在定位時(shí)往往會(huì)設(shè)置一個(gè)同義改寫(xiě)。比如例一這道事實(shí)信息題，我們首先定位到了第三段，然后尋找題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“Whig Party’s view of the role of government?(Whig 政黨關(guān)于政府職能的觀點(diǎn))”，但是定位時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中所對(duì)應(yīng)的出處是"The government’s responsibility was to....。.(政府的職責(zé)是..。.)" 也就是說(shuō)你不能期待定位時(shí)一定會(huì)從原文中找到一模一樣的“關(guān)鍵詞”，這個(gè)定位過(guò)程中很有可能出現(xiàn)同義改寫(xiě)的狀況。
其次，定位完成后，選項(xiàng)部分可能又會(huì)進(jìn)行一個(gè)同義改寫(xiě)。比如例一原文中的“to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability”所對(duì)應(yīng)的正確選項(xiàng)換了個(gè)說(shuō)法，被改寫(xiě)成了“To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit”。所以在選擇選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候，你也不能期待選項(xiàng)一定是原文中一模一樣的表達(dá)。
同義改寫(xiě)的設(shè)置不僅僅是在托福閱讀中，聽(tīng)力中也涉及到了同樣的問(wèn)題，也就是說(shuō)正確的選項(xiàng)并不一定是你所到的原詞原句，基本上都會(huì)設(shè)置同義改寫(xiě)來(lái)確定你是否真的聽(tīng)懂了。例二的同義改寫(xiě)現(xiàn)象請(qǐng)同學(xué)們自己做出分析。
例一：According to paragraph 3,which of the following describes the Whig Party’s view of the role of government?
A.To regulate the continuing conflict
B.To restrict the changes brought about by the market
C.To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit
D.To reduce the emphasis on economic development
Paragraph 3 : Whigs,on the other hand,were more comfortable with the market.For them,commerce and economic development agents of civilization.Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other.Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity.The government’s responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability。
例二：According to paragraph 3, the loss of natural vegetation has which of the following consequences for soil?
A.Increased stony content
B.Reduced water absorption
C.Increased numbers of spaces in the soil
D.Reduced water runoff
Paragraph 3: Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established。
【更多托福閱讀信息請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)相關(guān)鏈接】
托福閱讀考試的文章結(jié)構(gòu)
傳統(tǒng)的文法翻譯法教學(xué)已經(jīng)在新托福完全不能用了，因?yàn)樾峦懈ｉ喿x文章變兩倍長(zhǎng)，而且ETS在官方指南清楚地寫(xiě)明：“同學(xué)要能有略讀文章了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力“而且閱讀十大題型中，有一半是考對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯理解。這也正是，同學(xué)到美國(guó)求學(xué)必需具備的 reading skimming能力。
而這教學(xué)法是採(cǎi)用美國(guó)最新的整合式教學(xué)法,結(jié)合閱讀與英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作手法的教學(xué)。ETS也是按著英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法的趨勢(shì)提出整合式的新托福 iBT.所以我們能真正了解英語(yǔ)人士的各種寫(xiě)作技巧,我們就能作到與一般同學(xué)不同，光看到topic，我們就能預(yù)測(cè)：
新托福閱讀文章的類型、文章的走向、文章的寫(xiě)作方式，快速清晰地閱讀結(jié)構(gòu)，比沒(méi)訓(xùn)綀過(guò)的同學(xué)在閱讀速度與理解能力快叁倍以上，也進(jìn)而能真正了解作者對(duì)這段文字的態(tài)度，這方法對(duì)更艱深難懂的英語(yǔ)學(xué)術(shù)文章尤其有用，比如TOEFL，IELTS，GRE， GMAT，LSAT 的閱讀。
藉由這樣的美國(guó)最新式的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)專業(yè)訓(xùn)綀，也能真正增加了自己英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的能力。而不是一般的邊讀邊翻譯，而最后不知所云，看文章似懂非懂，這就是25分的分水嶺。大多有背詞匯的同學(xué)，文章是大約能了解，但還是無(wú)沒(méi)讀到作者所要講的中心。所以分?jǐn)?shù)一直上不去。
另外再教導(dǎo)同學(xué)透過(guò)略讀、導(dǎo)讀、精讀的叁讀法， 在最快速的時(shí)間內(nèi)，迅速了解文章各段的組織、邏輯、大意， 再經(jīng)筆記速記法，也因?yàn)槔蠋熢诿姥芯窟^(guò)學(xué)術(shù)的英語(yǔ)測(cè)驗(yàn)的出題方法，也親自訪問(wèn)過(guò)ETS的考官，所以知道ETS怎么選材，設(shè)計(jì)考題，與干擾選項(xiàng)等等，能應(yīng)用這些計(jì)巧，我們就能精確且快速地30秒破解托福閱讀十大題型。