托福閱讀長難句分析

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    長難句主要是單詞都認(rèn)識卻不能理解這句話整體的意思,出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)托福欄目為大家提供托福閱讀長難句分析,希望對大家備考托福有所幫助!
    托福閱讀長難句分析
    Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.
    句子分析:
    本句的主句應(yīng)該是Fladmark’s hypothesis received additional support from the fact…,然后that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,進一步解釋說明前面的the fact。最后suggesting that...是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu),也引導(dǎo)賓語從句,這里意思是“表明……”。
    句子翻譯:
    美洲西海岸地區(qū)最多樣的原住民語言的存在表明了這個地區(qū)是美洲定居時間最早的,這一事實給弗萊德馬克的假設(shè)提供了進一步的證據(jù)支持。
    解題:
    本句句簡題的答案應(yīng)該是C. The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans lends strength to Fradmark's hypothesis.(在西海岸美洲原住民語言的最大多樣性強化了弗萊德馬克的假設(shè)。)你選對了嗎?
    The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season.
    句子分析:本句主要是在做解釋,這個解釋是通過is之后that引導(dǎo)的表語從句來展開。在這個從句中有多個謂語動詞并列出現(xiàn),分別是:excavated, modified, plugged up,這些動作的實施都是為了in order to后面表達的目的,即create reservoirs,最后which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,修飾前面的名詞reservoirs。
    句子翻譯:有一種解釋是瑪雅人挖掘或者改造自然的低地,然后通過在低地底部涂上灰泥來堵住喀斯特地貌所造成的漏水地方,這樣做可以建立水庫,而這些水庫可以收集來自抹了灰泥的大型集水盆地的雨水并儲存起來,以備旱季所用。
    解題思路:這句話句簡題的正確答案應(yīng)該是選項A. Southern Maya populations obtained the water they needed for the dry season by collecting and storing rainwater in sealed depressions. (瑪雅南部地區(qū)的居民通過堵住縫隙的低地來收集和儲存雨水,以備旱季之用。)我們來看看其他幾個錯誤答案的原因:選項B. The Maya are credited with creating methods for modifying natural rainwater and storing it. 其中的modifying natural rainwater是原句所沒有提到的;選項C. Leaks in the karst caused difficulties in the creation of reservoirs, which were needed to store water for the dry season. 其中l(wèi)eaks in the karst這個問題在原句中已經(jīng)通過涂上灰泥得到了解決,所以不存在困難;選項D. Southern Mayans were more successful at collecting rain than storing it during dry seasons. 其中more successful的比較在原句中沒有提到。
    單詞復(fù)習(xí)
    depression本意是“沮喪;蕭條”,在這里表示“低地”。
    excavate depressions指的是“挖掘低地”。
    modify本意是“修改”,在這里說的是“改造自然的低地”。
    plug up leaks指的是“堵住漏水的地方”。
    karst是大家所熟悉的一種地貌,叫“喀斯特地貌”,具有溶蝕力的水對可溶性巖石(大多為石灰?guī)r)進行溶蝕等作用所形成的地貌。
    catchment basins指的是“集水盆地”。
    plaster作名詞,表示“石膏“,作動詞,表示”涂以灰泥” ,
    比如:His broken leg was encased in plaster. 他骨折的腿被打上了石膏。
    語法小知識
    何謂表語從句?
    -名詞性從句在be動詞后作主語的補語,常見的表語從句有that所引導(dǎo)或wh-疑問詞所引導(dǎo)。
    比如:One advantage of living in the country is that one can get close to nature. 居住在鄉(xiāng)村的優(yōu)點之一是人能夠親近自然。
    The problem is where we can get the things we need. 問題是我們從哪里弄到我們需要的東西。
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