托福聽(tīng)力中困擾考生的美式英語(yǔ)

字號(hào):


    對(duì)于廣大中國(guó)考生來(lái)說(shuō),大家普遍缺乏美式英語(yǔ)浸泡的環(huán)境,導(dǎo)致在聽(tīng)力中遇到純正美語(yǔ)時(shí),往往會(huì)慌神, 而慌神的原因,往往因?yàn)閹c(diǎn),和出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編一起來(lái)看看托福聽(tīng)力中困擾考生的美式英語(yǔ)。
    01 不熟悉美式發(fā)音特點(diǎn)
    1 連讀
    簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō),連貫講話(huà)自然會(huì)出現(xiàn)連讀現(xiàn)象,在中文中也同樣存在,例如傳統(tǒng)的北京方言。連讀的各條規(guī)則在此處不作列舉,我們只看一條:“后面單詞以 h 開(kāi)始,則前面單詞結(jié)尾 音直接與后面單詞的元音連讀,此處 h 很少發(fā)音”,比如 TPO49 Lecture3:“Well,foronething,they'vegotthickhairallovertheirbody,evenontheirnoses.”許多同學(xué)被錄音內(nèi)容的 thickair迷惑,并未聽(tīng)出原句關(guān)鍵詞的意思。
    2 “t”的濁化
    同樣,t 的濁化發(fā)音規(guī)則不作贅述,我們也只看一條:當(dāng)“t”出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)元音之間且處于非重讀位置的時(shí)候,/t/需要經(jīng)過(guò)從送氣到不送氣的轉(zhuǎn)變,發(fā)成一個(gè)近似于/d/ 的 音, 例 如:water → wader,writer → wrider,metal → medal,better → bedder, city → cidy 等。
    02 較少接觸美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)
    托福聽(tīng)力當(dāng)中,俚語(yǔ)的出現(xiàn)不勝枚舉,它是百姓在生活當(dāng)中總結(jié)出來(lái)通俗順口并具有 地方色彩的語(yǔ)言。然而,同學(xué)們通常出現(xiàn)以下理解上的錯(cuò)誤:
    1 望文生義
    讓我們直接來(lái)看一個(gè)出現(xiàn)在TPO 12 Conversation 1的例子:
    What does the professor mean when she says this?
    重聽(tīng)內(nèi)容:tell me about it
    nderstandsthestudent'sproblem.
    antsthestudenttoexplainhiscomment.
    idnothearwhatthestudentsaid.
    oesnotacceptthestudent'sexcuse.
    錄音原文
    Professor:Yes,hingunrelatedtotheuseofnatureimagehasnoplaceinthepaper,allthattangentialmaterialjustdistractionfromthemainargument.
    Student:Yeah,now... wheretodrawtheline?
    Professor:Tellmeaboutit!t ' willbecomemoreclearwithpractice.
    我 相 信 每 個(gè) 人 都 能 理解“tellmeaboutit”這句話(huà)的字面意思,就是“告訴我吧,跟我說(shuō)說(shuō)吧”,如果這樣理解的話(huà),表示教授希望近一步了解下去。但是,這句話(huà)在美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)中通常表示為贊成對(duì)方說(shuō)的話(huà),理解為“可不是嘛”,“那 當(dāng)然啦”。原文說(shuō)學(xué)生說(shuō)自己都不知道在論文中到底需要包含哪些內(nèi)容,教授這里所說(shuō)的“tellmeaboutit”表示贊同學(xué)生所說(shuō)的話(huà),后面緊接 著解釋了一句“所有作家都會(huì)糾結(jié)這一點(diǎn)”,表示不是只有這個(gè)學(xué)生有這個(gè)疑問(wèn),對(duì)應(yīng) A。
    2 聽(tīng)不出反諷語(yǔ)氣
    再來(lái)看一個(gè)TPO 17 Conversation 2的例子:
    What does the woman imply when she says this?
    重聽(tīng)內(nèi)容:quite a sacrifice
    hinksthemanshouldkeephisjobasawaiter.
    sgratefulthatthemaniswillingtoworklongerhours.
    anwillhavetomakemanysacrificestoachievehisgoals.
    andoesnotappreciatetheopportunitysheisofferinghim.
    錄音原文
    Manager:Letmesee,Iamofferingyousomethingthathasthehoursyouwant,itisrighthereoncampus,andyoumakeasmuchmoneyasyoudidbeingawaiter,quiteasacrifice.
    本題上文講述男生因?yàn)樗饺嗽颍幌虢蛹{經(jīng) 理提供的餐廳后廚工作,而想要餐廳服務(wù)員的工作。本題重聽(tīng)部分從語(yǔ)氣上聽(tīng),能知道經(jīng)理已經(jīng)有些不滿(mǎn)。從內(nèi)容上聽(tīng),經(jīng)理說(shuō)我已經(jīng)給你理想時(shí)間段的工作,而且就在學(xué)校里,賺的錢(qián)又和當(dāng)服務(wù)員一樣多,可見(jiàn)經(jīng)理對(duì)于男生不僅猶豫要不要接工作,而且絲毫沒(méi)有對(duì)她表示感謝,對(duì)應(yīng) D。
    3 缺乏相關(guān)文化背景
    備考時(shí),我強(qiáng)烈建議同學(xué)們應(yīng)該事先了解北美 校園文化,能讓考試事半功倍。比如,新生進(jìn)校 園,等待大家的第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目是 orientation,接下 來(lái)你會(huì)有數(shù)不清的 project 和 presentation,最 怕到了 due 還要 rewrite,遇事可以放心大膽地問(wèn) mentor,tutor 或 advisor,閑來(lái)無(wú)事可以參加各種 workshop。以上背景詞匯,你熟悉的有幾個(gè)呢?
    除道出以上幾點(diǎn)原因之外,下面給大家分享一 下遇到含有地道美語(yǔ)的重聽(tīng)題,應(yīng)該如何解決:
    正確選項(xiàng)與原文同義替換
    舉例TPO 10 Conversation 2
    What does the man mean when he says this?
    inksthestore'spolicyistoostrict.
    happythatthewomanhasagreedtohisrequest.
    surprisedatthewoman' ssuggestion.
    annoyedthatheneedstogivethewomanmoreinformation.
    錄音原文
    St,thisIwasn' !
    該題重聽(tīng)部分出現(xiàn)得比較突兀,學(xué)生可能記不 清楚上下文語(yǔ)境。重聽(tīng)部分可理解為“哇,這我真 沒(méi)有想到”同義替換 C 選項(xiàng)的 surprised,學(xué)生認(rèn) 為工作人員的建議讓他出乎意料。
    通過(guò)語(yǔ)氣猜測(cè)正確含義
    舉例TPO 19 Lecture 1
    What can be inferred about the professor when she says this?
    snotsurewhatcauseslanguagestochange.
    oesnotthinkthatlanguageschangequickly.
    hinksafactshejustmentionedaboutlanguagemightbehardtobelieve.
    hinkslanguagesevolveddifferentlyinthepastthantheydonow.
    錄音原文
    Anotherissueisthatlanguagesevolvedverygraduallybutthetreemodelmakesitlookliketheyevolveovernight,liketherewasadistinctmomentintimewhenamotherlanguagecleanlybrokeoffintodaughterlanguages,
    butitseemstomeitprobably wasn'tquitelikethat.
    該題重聽(tīng)部分錄音能聽(tīng)出非常明顯的否定語(yǔ) 氣,表示教授不贊同語(yǔ)言是一夜之間進(jìn)化完成的, 對(duì)應(yīng) B。
    通過(guò)重聽(tīng)句子的邏輯進(jìn)行判斷
    舉例TPO 20 Lecture 4
    Why does the student say this?
    ntstosupporttheprofessor'spointwithanexample.
    gratefultheprofessorhasansweredhisquestion.
    rofessor'sexplanationcontradictshisownexperience.
    rofessormaynotbelieveheistellingthetruth.
    錄音原文
    Profherwords,itscoat,itsfur,turnsfrombrowninthesummertowhiteinthewinter,whichmakesitharderforthehare'spredatorstoseeitagainstthewhitesnow. Student:Yeah,butIcouldswearIrememberseeingrabbitsinthesnowacoupleoftimes,Imeanhares,thatwerebrown.
    該題重聽(tīng)部分為學(xué)生講的話(huà),他認(rèn)為自己的經(jīng)歷和教授所講述的內(nèi)容有沖突,并伴隨有明顯 表示轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞but,所以對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)表示有沖突 (contradicts)的一項(xiàng) C。