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1. Statement: the expression in spoken or written words of something such as a fact, intention, or policy, or an instance of this.意為陳述某一事實(shí)，意圖，政策。重點(diǎn)在于陳述。
2. Recommendation: a suggestion as to what is a good or sensible thing to do or use in the circumstances意為合理的建議(比陳述事實(shí)更近了一步)
3. Claim: maintain something is true: to say, without proof or evidence, that something is true 意為聲明，即便在沒有證據(jù)的情況下仍然堅(jiān)持聲稱某事為真實(shí)的
從以上的分析中不難看出這三種問法在操作形式上具有程度類比，其中第三種的程度語氣更強(qiáng)。
讓我們仔細(xì)分析一下例子
1. Statement (以下是事實(shí)陳述的例子)
i. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.
ii. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.
iii. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.
iv. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.
v. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.
vi. In order for any work of art-for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song-to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
2. Recommendation(以下是建議的例子)
i. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.
ii. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.
iii. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.
iv. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
v. Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.
vi. College students should base their choice of a field off study on the availability of jobs in that field.
3. Claim(以下是因果聲明類的例子)
i. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
ii. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
iii. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.;;;Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.
iv. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.;;;Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
v. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.;;;Reason: College students-like people in general-prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
vi. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
除了個(gè)別試題中在提問用詞中有混淆以外，絕大部分的提問符合此規(guī)律。對(duì)于那些混淆的試題可以根絕我上面的分類重新編排，他們的分析也符合此規(guī)律。
1. Statement: the expression in spoken or written words of something such as a fact, intention, or policy, or an instance of this.意為陳述某一事實(shí)，意圖，政策。重點(diǎn)在于陳述。
2. Recommendation: a suggestion as to what is a good or sensible thing to do or use in the circumstances意為合理的建議(比陳述事實(shí)更近了一步)
3. Claim: maintain something is true: to say, without proof or evidence, that something is true 意為聲明，即便在沒有證據(jù)的情況下仍然堅(jiān)持聲稱某事為真實(shí)的
從以上的分析中不難看出這三種問法在操作形式上具有程度類比，其中第三種的程度語氣更強(qiáng)。
讓我們仔細(xì)分析一下例子
1. Statement (以下是事實(shí)陳述的例子)
i. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.
ii. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.
iii. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.
iv. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.
v. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.
vi. In order for any work of art-for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song-to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.
2. Recommendation(以下是建議的例子)
i. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.
ii. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.
iii. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.
iv. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.
v. Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.
vi. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.
3. Claim(以下是因果聲明類的例子)
i. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
ii. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.;;; Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.
iii. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.;;;Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.
iv. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.;;;Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.
v. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.;;;Reason: College students-like people in general-prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.
vi. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
除了個(gè)別試題中在提問用詞中有混淆以外，絕大部分的提問符合此規(guī)律。對(duì)于那些混淆的試題可以根絕我上面的分類重新編排，他們的分析也符合此規(guī)律。
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