《高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 構(gòu)詞法》由英語(yǔ)編輯整理,更多請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn):https://www.liuxue86.com/english/。本內(nèi)容整理時(shí)間為05月12日，如有任何問(wèn)題請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。
高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 構(gòu)詞法
2009-03-18 11:42 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評(píng)論]
英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要包括: 轉(zhuǎn)化詞, 派生詞, 合成詞, 混成詞, 截短詞, 縮略詞等, 其中前三種最為重要
轉(zhuǎn)化詞
轉(zhuǎn)化詞就是詞形不變, 由一個(gè)詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化成另一個(gè)詞類(lèi)的詞
一.轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞, 如: mark評(píng)分, stage上演, warm加熱,使溫暖, further促進(jìn), water澆水
a. Warm the milk before drinking it.
b. She waters the flowers every day.
c. Cool the water before you drink it.
d. The train slowed down as it entered the station.
二.轉(zhuǎn)化名詞, 如: cause起因, use用處, native本地人, major主修科目
a. Let’s go for a drive next Sunday.
b. You can ask for a help.
c. They stopped there for a swim.
派生詞
派生詞就是通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的另一個(gè)詞. 后綴通常改變?cè)~根的詞類(lèi); 前綴通常改變?cè)~根的詞義
一.構(gòu)成反義詞的前綴, 如: un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-, non-, de-
1.前綴un-, 如: unpleasant, unusual, unwanted, uncomfortable, unimportant, unsold, undivided, unreserved
2.前綴in-用于除l, b, m, p, r起首的詞之前, 如: incomplete, inconvenient, inability, independent
3.前綴im-用于以b, m, p起首的詞之前, 如: impossible, impatient, improper
4.前綴il-用于以l起首的詞之前, 如: illegal不合法的, illogical不合邏輯的
5.前綴ir-用于以r起首的詞之前, 如: irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible
6.前綴dis-, 如: dishonest, dislike, disagree, discover, dissatisfied, disadvantage, disabled
7.前綴non-, 如: non-stop, non-violent, non-smoker, nonmember非成員
8.前綴de-, 如: devalue減少…的價(jià)值
高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 構(gòu)詞法
2009-03-18 11:42 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評(píng)論]
英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要包括: 轉(zhuǎn)化詞, 派生詞, 合成詞, 混成詞, 截短詞, 縮略詞等, 其中前三種最為重要
轉(zhuǎn)化詞
轉(zhuǎn)化詞就是詞形不變, 由一個(gè)詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化成另一個(gè)詞類(lèi)的詞
一.轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞, 如: mark評(píng)分, stage上演, warm加熱,使溫暖, further促進(jìn), water澆水
a. Warm the milk before drinking it.
b. She waters the flowers every day.
c. Cool the water before you drink it.
d. The train slowed down as it entered the station.
二.轉(zhuǎn)化名詞, 如: cause起因, use用處, native本地人, major主修科目
a. Let’s go for a drive next Sunday.
b. You can ask for a help.
c. They stopped there for a swim.
派生詞
派生詞就是通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的另一個(gè)詞. 后綴通常改變?cè)~根的詞類(lèi); 前綴通常改變?cè)~根的詞義
一.構(gòu)成反義詞的前綴, 如: un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-, non-, de-
1.前綴un-, 如: unpleasant, unusual, unwanted, uncomfortable, unimportant, unsold, undivided, unreserved
2.前綴in-用于除l, b, m, p, r起首的詞之前, 如: incomplete, inconvenient, inability, independent
3.前綴im-用于以b, m, p起首的詞之前, 如: impossible, impatient, improper
4.前綴il-用于以l起首的詞之前, 如: illegal不合法的, illogical不合邏輯的
5.前綴ir-用于以r起首的詞之前, 如: irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible
6.前綴dis-, 如: dishonest, dislike, disagree, discover, dissatisfied, disadvantage, disabled
7.前綴non-, 如: non-stop, non-violent, non-smoker, nonmember非成員
8.前綴de-, 如: devalue減少…的價(jià)值
二.其他前綴:
1.前綴en-表示 “使得…, 使成為…”, 如: enlarge擴(kuò)大, enable使能夠, endanger危害, encourage鼓勵(lì)
2.前綴re-表示 “再, 重新”, 如: reprint, redesign, rebuild, reuse, review, repay, rewrite
3.前綴mis-表示 “壞的, 錯(cuò)誤的, 不利的”, 如: misunderstand, misspell拼錯(cuò), misplace放錯(cuò), misname誤稱(chēng), mislead誤導(dǎo), misremember記錯(cuò)
4.前綴counter-表示 “反對(duì), 逆, 對(duì)付”, 如: counterculture反主流文化, counterpart對(duì)應(yīng)的人或物, countermeasure對(duì)抗手段, countermarch向后轉(zhuǎn)行進(jìn)
5.前綴anti-表示 “反對(duì), 抵抗, 排斥”, 如: anti-American反美分子, antigas防毒氣的, antisocial孤僻的, anticraft防空炮火
6.前綴pro-表示 “贊成…的, 親…的”, 如: pro-American親美的
7.前綴mono-表示 “單一, 單獨(dú)”, 如: monoplane單翼飛機(jī), monologue獨(dú)白, monotone單獨(dú)
8.前綴semi-表示 “一半的”, 如: semifinal半決賽, semimonthly半月地, semiconductor半導(dǎo)體, semicircle半圓
9.前綴bi-表示 “兩個(gè)的, 兩倍的, 雙重的”, 如: bicycle, biweekly雙周的, biyearly每?jī)赡甑? bilingual雙語(yǔ)的
10.前綴tri-表示 “三, 三倍, 三重的”, 如: tricycle三輪車(chē), triangle三角形
11.前綴ultra-表示 “極端的, 超過(guò)的, 過(guò)于的”, 如: ultra-left極左的, ultra-democracy極端民主, ultra-short超短的, ultrasound超聲
12.前綴over-表示 “過(guò)度的, 太多的; 在上面; 全面地; 超越; 翻倒”, 如: overbold過(guò)于膽大的, overcareful過(guò)分小心的, overcrowd擠滿(mǎn), overlook眺望, overwork勞累過(guò)度, overcoat大衣
13.前綴under-表示 “不足的; 劣于; …之下的”, 如: undersea海底, undershirt內(nèi)衣, underworld地獄
14.前綴super-表示 “…上, 超級(jí), 過(guò)度”, 如: superhighway, supernatural超自然的, superman超人, superheat使過(guò)熱, supermarket
15.前綴ex-表示 “到外面, 向外的, 以前的”, 如: ex-wife前妻, exclude除外, ex-president前總統(tǒng), ex-change交換
16.前綴sub-表示 “下; 低位; 副”, 如: subhead副標(biāo)題, subdivide再分, subcontinent次大陸, subtopic副主題, subtitle小標(biāo)題
17.前綴inter-表示 “…間; 相互的”, 如: international, interchange交換, intercommunicate互聯(lián)通訊, interact相互作用, interphone對(duì)講電話(huà)
18.前綴co-表示 “共同, 共通”,如: co-exist共存, co-author合著者之一, cooperate合作
三.構(gòu)成名詞的后綴:
1.后綴-er / -or表示 “…的人; 供做…的物”, 如: islander, bottle-opener, thinker, writer, learner, passenger, designer, photo copier
2.后綴–ist表示 “做…的人; …家; …主義者”, 如: communist共產(chǎn)主義者, Marxist馬克思主義者, socialist社會(huì)主義者, pianist鋼琴家, typist打字員, journalist記者
3.后綴–ism表示 “…主義; ..學(xué)說(shuō); …行為; …狀態(tài)”, 如: socialism社會(huì)主義, Marxism馬克思主義, tourism旅游業(yè)
4.后綴-ness, 如: darkness, carelessness, gentleness, kindness, business, sadness
5.后綴-ing, 如: sightseeing, feeling, painting, finding, saving, earning, meaning, training, belonging, greeting
6.后綴–tion, 如: invitation, invention, pronunciation, composition, contribution, collection, situation
7.后綴–sion, 如: expression, impression, procession, permission
8.后綴–ment, 如: government, movement, development, equipment, announcement, punishment, treatment
9.后綴–ship表示 “…的狀態(tài); …的技能; …術(shù)”, 如: friendship, partnership伙伴關(guān)系, seamanship航海術(shù), hardship困苦, readership讀者群, scholarship會(huì)員身份, ownership所有制
10.后綴–hood表示身份, 資格, 時(shí)間, 集體, 狀態(tài), 如: brotherhood兄弟般的關(guān)系, likelihood可能性, neighborhood鄰里, childhood童年時(shí)代, boyhood少年時(shí)代, girlhood少女時(shí)代
11.后綴–ity, 如: reality現(xiàn)實(shí), ability能力, activity活動(dòng), possibility可能性, regularity正規(guī), nationality國(guó)籍, disability殘疾, minority少數(shù)
12.后綴–ence, 如: difference區(qū)別, existence存在, silence沉默, occurrence事件, reference提及, conference會(huì)議
13.后綴-ance, 如: appearance出現(xiàn), performance表演, acceptance接受, assistance幫助, distance距離
14.后綴-ure, 如: pleasure快樂(lè), failure失敗, exposure暴露, closure關(guān)閉, mixture混合, gesture姿勢(shì)
15.后綴–ess表示女性或雌性, 如: hostess女主人, mistress主婦, lioness雌獅子, waitress女服務(wù)員
16.后綴–th, 如: truth真理, strength力量, length長(zhǎng)度, growth成長(zhǎng), depth深度
17.后綴–al, 如: removal除去, survival幸存, proposal建議, trial試驗(yàn), approval承認(rèn)
18.后綴–ant表示 “做…事的人或物”, 如: accountant會(huì)計(jì), applicant申請(qǐng)者, consultant請(qǐng)教者, servant服務(wù)員, assistant助手, expectant期待者
19.后綴–ee表示 “受…者,…行為者”, 如: employee受雇者, payee收款人, referee受委托者, appointee被任命者
20.后綴–eer表示 “與…有關(guān)者, 從事…者”, 如: volunteer自愿者, profiteer不當(dāng)?shù)美? racketeer詐騙者
21.后綴-ful表示 “滿(mǎn)量”, 如: basketful一籃, handful一把, houseful滿(mǎn)屋子
22.后綴–ese表示 “…的人, …語(yǔ)”, 如: Japanese, Cantonese廣東人, Vietnamese越南人, Viennese維也納人
四.構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴:
1.后綴–ful表示 “充滿(mǎn)…的, 有…性質(zhì)的”, 如: careful, useful, helpful, hopeful, powerful, painful, merciful
2.后綴–less表示 “無(wú); 不做; 不能”, 如: careless, hopeless, fatherless喪父的, harmless, rainless, countless無(wú)數(shù)的, speechless無(wú)言的
3.后綴–able表示 “能夠; 適于…; 值得…”, 如: eatable, acceptable, laughable可笑的, comfortable
4.后綴–ible表示 “可(被)…的; 能…的”, 如: responsible有責(zé)任的, permissible可允許的, divisible可分的, possible可能的
5.后綴–ic表示 “與…有關(guān)的; 像…的; 由…產(chǎn)生的”, 如: heroic英雄的, historic有歷史意義的, atomic原子的, energetic精力旺盛的, electric電的
6.后綴–ive表示 “擁有…的性質(zhì); 有…的傾向”, 如: inventive發(fā)明的, imaginative富有想象力的, sensitive敏感的, effective有效的, expressive表情豐富的
7.后綴– ous表示 “具有…的; 多…的; 有…特性的”, 如: various, nervous, continuous連續(xù)的, poisonous有毒的, anxious, mountainous多山的, dangerous, courageous英勇的
8.后綴–y表示 “有…的; 由…構(gòu)成, 似…的; 有點(diǎn)…的”, 如: healthy, wealthy, rainy, windy, silky, greedy, smelly有臭味的
9.后綴–ly表示 “像…的; 有…性質(zhì)的; 反復(fù)發(fā)生的”, 如: friendly, motherly母親似的, manly在男子氣的, monthly每月的
10.后綴–ant表示 “有…性質(zhì)的”, 如: important, distant, ignorant無(wú)知的
11.后綴–ent表示 “…的狀態(tài)”, 如: different, independent, impatient, frequent經(jīng)常的, excellent極好的
12.后綴–en表示 “由…制的”, 如: wooden, woolen羊毛的, golden金的
13.后綴–ern表示方向, 如: western, eastern, northern, southern
14.后綴–al表示 “像…的; 與…有關(guān)的”, 如: personal, electrical電的, cultural, natural, national
15.后綴–ish表示 “似…的; …的”, 如: selfish自私的, childish似孩童的, foolish
16.后綴–like表示 “像…的”, 如: childlike孩子般天真的, godlike上帝般的, lifelike栩栩如生的
17.后綴–ary表示 “與…有關(guān)的; …的”, 如: revolutionary革命的, imaginary虛構(gòu)的, momentary瞬間的, primary首要的, ordinary普通的
18.后綴–ed表示 “有…的; 特有…的”, 如: skilled有技術(shù)的, talented有天賦的, wooded林木茂密的
19.后綴–some表示 “易于…的, 有…傾向的; 產(chǎn)生…的”, 如: lonesome寂寞的, handsome英俊的, tiresome討厭的, fearsome可怕的, burdensome沉重的
20.后綴–an表示 “…的, 與…有關(guān)的, …風(fēng)格的”, 如: Canadian加拿大的, Australian澳大利亞的, Mexican墨西哥的, American, European歐洲的
五.構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的后綴:
1.后綴–ize / -ise表示 “使成為, 使能夠, 作…處理”, 如: realize實(shí)現(xiàn), industrialize工業(yè)化, mechanize機(jī)械化, nationalize使國(guó)有化, revolutionize使革命化, modernize使現(xiàn)代化
2.后綴–ify表示 “使成為…的; 使…化”, 如: beautify美化, terrify使驚嚇, electrify電氣化, magnify放大
3.后綴–en表示 “使有, 使得”, 如: strengthen加強(qiáng), deepen加深, darken使變黑, shorten使變短, fasten扎牢
4.后綴–ate表示 “使, 作為…”, 如: activate使活動(dòng), motivate激發(fā), liberate解放, separate分開(kāi), hibernate冬眠
六.構(gòu)成副詞的后綴:
1.后綴-ly, 如: really, simply, happily, publicly, happily, lastly, lately, excitedly
2.后綴–ward表示方向, 如: upward, inward, westward, homeward, backward
合成詞
合成詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成的一個(gè)新詞
一.合成名詞, 如: workforce, haircut, postman, X-ray, mailbox, landowner, farmland, handstand, handshake, coastline, gunfire, short-wave, gentleman, newcomer, tightrope, best-seller, mainland, freeway, second-hand, midday, front-runner, pickpocket扒手, breakwater防波堤, runway, sit-downer靜坐罷工者, breakthrough突破, runaround借口, runaway逃亡, sell-out售完, handout傳單, breakdown衰落
二.合成形容詞, 如: worldwide, nationwide, duty-free, snow-white, world-famous, lifelong, English-speaking, noise-killing, hand-made, peace-loving, horse-drawn, fun-loving, ready-made現(xiàn)成的, good-looking, easy-going, low-lying地勢(shì)低洼的, well-known, hard-working, well-informed消息靈通的, widespread, ill-formed, first-rate, second-hand, worthwhile, everyday, middle-aged, warm-blooded, good-tempered, bare-footed
三.合成代詞, 如: himself, herself, themselves, something, someone, anything, nobody
四.合成動(dòng)詞, 如: overthrow, output, input, uphold, uplift, downgrade, sleep-walk, typewrite, brainwash, handpick精選, daydream, whitewash, deep-freeze
五.合成副詞, 如: meanwhile, midway, everywhere, somewhere, anyway, otherwise, sometime, beforehand, onshore, inside, offhand, headfirst頭朝下地, daylong
《高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 構(gòu)詞法》由英語(yǔ)編輯整理,更多請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn):https://www.liuxue86.com/english/
高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 構(gòu)詞法
2009-03-18 11:42 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評(píng)論]
英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要包括: 轉(zhuǎn)化詞, 派生詞, 合成詞, 混成詞, 截短詞, 縮略詞等, 其中前三種最為重要
轉(zhuǎn)化詞
轉(zhuǎn)化詞就是詞形不變, 由一個(gè)詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化成另一個(gè)詞類(lèi)的詞
一.轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞, 如: mark評(píng)分, stage上演, warm加熱,使溫暖, further促進(jìn), water澆水
a. Warm the milk before drinking it.
b. She waters the flowers every day.
c. Cool the water before you drink it.
d. The train slowed down as it entered the station.
二.轉(zhuǎn)化名詞, 如: cause起因, use用處, native本地人, major主修科目
a. Let’s go for a drive next Sunday.
b. You can ask for a help.
c. They stopped there for a swim.
派生詞
派生詞就是通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的另一個(gè)詞. 后綴通常改變?cè)~根的詞類(lèi); 前綴通常改變?cè)~根的詞義
一.構(gòu)成反義詞的前綴, 如: un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-, non-, de-
1.前綴un-, 如: unpleasant, unusual, unwanted, uncomfortable, unimportant, unsold, undivided, unreserved
2.前綴in-用于除l, b, m, p, r起首的詞之前, 如: incomplete, inconvenient, inability, independent
3.前綴im-用于以b, m, p起首的詞之前, 如: impossible, impatient, improper
4.前綴il-用于以l起首的詞之前, 如: illegal不合法的, illogical不合邏輯的
5.前綴ir-用于以r起首的詞之前, 如: irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible
6.前綴dis-, 如: dishonest, dislike, disagree, discover, dissatisfied, disadvantage, disabled
7.前綴non-, 如: non-stop, non-violent, non-smoker, nonmember非成員
8.前綴de-, 如: devalue減少…的價(jià)值
高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 構(gòu)詞法
2009-03-18 11:42 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評(píng)論]
英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要包括: 轉(zhuǎn)化詞, 派生詞, 合成詞, 混成詞, 截短詞, 縮略詞等, 其中前三種最為重要
轉(zhuǎn)化詞
轉(zhuǎn)化詞就是詞形不變, 由一個(gè)詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化成另一個(gè)詞類(lèi)的詞
一.轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞, 如: mark評(píng)分, stage上演, warm加熱,使溫暖, further促進(jìn), water澆水
a. Warm the milk before drinking it.
b. She waters the flowers every day.
c. Cool the water before you drink it.
d. The train slowed down as it entered the station.
二.轉(zhuǎn)化名詞, 如: cause起因, use用處, native本地人, major主修科目
a. Let’s go for a drive next Sunday.
b. You can ask for a help.
c. They stopped there for a swim.
派生詞
派生詞就是通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的另一個(gè)詞. 后綴通常改變?cè)~根的詞類(lèi); 前綴通常改變?cè)~根的詞義
一.構(gòu)成反義詞的前綴, 如: un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-, non-, de-
1.前綴un-, 如: unpleasant, unusual, unwanted, uncomfortable, unimportant, unsold, undivided, unreserved
2.前綴in-用于除l, b, m, p, r起首的詞之前, 如: incomplete, inconvenient, inability, independent
3.前綴im-用于以b, m, p起首的詞之前, 如: impossible, impatient, improper
4.前綴il-用于以l起首的詞之前, 如: illegal不合法的, illogical不合邏輯的
5.前綴ir-用于以r起首的詞之前, 如: irregular, irrelevant, irresponsible
6.前綴dis-, 如: dishonest, dislike, disagree, discover, dissatisfied, disadvantage, disabled
7.前綴non-, 如: non-stop, non-violent, non-smoker, nonmember非成員
8.前綴de-, 如: devalue減少…的價(jià)值
二.其他前綴:
1.前綴en-表示 “使得…, 使成為…”, 如: enlarge擴(kuò)大, enable使能夠, endanger危害, encourage鼓勵(lì)
2.前綴re-表示 “再, 重新”, 如: reprint, redesign, rebuild, reuse, review, repay, rewrite
3.前綴mis-表示 “壞的, 錯(cuò)誤的, 不利的”, 如: misunderstand, misspell拼錯(cuò), misplace放錯(cuò), misname誤稱(chēng), mislead誤導(dǎo), misremember記錯(cuò)
4.前綴counter-表示 “反對(duì), 逆, 對(duì)付”, 如: counterculture反主流文化, counterpart對(duì)應(yīng)的人或物, countermeasure對(duì)抗手段, countermarch向后轉(zhuǎn)行進(jìn)
5.前綴anti-表示 “反對(duì), 抵抗, 排斥”, 如: anti-American反美分子, antigas防毒氣的, antisocial孤僻的, anticraft防空炮火
6.前綴pro-表示 “贊成…的, 親…的”, 如: pro-American親美的
7.前綴mono-表示 “單一, 單獨(dú)”, 如: monoplane單翼飛機(jī), monologue獨(dú)白, monotone單獨(dú)
8.前綴semi-表示 “一半的”, 如: semifinal半決賽, semimonthly半月地, semiconductor半導(dǎo)體, semicircle半圓
9.前綴bi-表示 “兩個(gè)的, 兩倍的, 雙重的”, 如: bicycle, biweekly雙周的, biyearly每?jī)赡甑? bilingual雙語(yǔ)的
10.前綴tri-表示 “三, 三倍, 三重的”, 如: tricycle三輪車(chē), triangle三角形
11.前綴ultra-表示 “極端的, 超過(guò)的, 過(guò)于的”, 如: ultra-left極左的, ultra-democracy極端民主, ultra-short超短的, ultrasound超聲
12.前綴over-表示 “過(guò)度的, 太多的; 在上面; 全面地; 超越; 翻倒”, 如: overbold過(guò)于膽大的, overcareful過(guò)分小心的, overcrowd擠滿(mǎn), overlook眺望, overwork勞累過(guò)度, overcoat大衣
13.前綴under-表示 “不足的; 劣于; …之下的”, 如: undersea海底, undershirt內(nèi)衣, underworld地獄
14.前綴super-表示 “…上, 超級(jí), 過(guò)度”, 如: superhighway, supernatural超自然的, superman超人, superheat使過(guò)熱, supermarket
15.前綴ex-表示 “到外面, 向外的, 以前的”, 如: ex-wife前妻, exclude除外, ex-president前總統(tǒng), ex-change交換
16.前綴sub-表示 “下; 低位; 副”, 如: subhead副標(biāo)題, subdivide再分, subcontinent次大陸, subtopic副主題, subtitle小標(biāo)題
17.前綴inter-表示 “…間; 相互的”, 如: international, interchange交換, intercommunicate互聯(lián)通訊, interact相互作用, interphone對(duì)講電話(huà)
18.前綴co-表示 “共同, 共通”,如: co-exist共存, co-author合著者之一, cooperate合作
三.構(gòu)成名詞的后綴:
1.后綴-er / -or表示 “…的人; 供做…的物”, 如: islander, bottle-opener, thinker, writer, learner, passenger, designer, photo copier
2.后綴–ist表示 “做…的人; …家; …主義者”, 如: communist共產(chǎn)主義者, Marxist馬克思主義者, socialist社會(huì)主義者, pianist鋼琴家, typist打字員, journalist記者
3.后綴–ism表示 “…主義; ..學(xué)說(shuō); …行為; …狀態(tài)”, 如: socialism社會(huì)主義, Marxism馬克思主義, tourism旅游業(yè)
4.后綴-ness, 如: darkness, carelessness, gentleness, kindness, business, sadness
5.后綴-ing, 如: sightseeing, feeling, painting, finding, saving, earning, meaning, training, belonging, greeting
6.后綴–tion, 如: invitation, invention, pronunciation, composition, contribution, collection, situation
7.后綴–sion, 如: expression, impression, procession, permission
8.后綴–ment, 如: government, movement, development, equipment, announcement, punishment, treatment
9.后綴–ship表示 “…的狀態(tài); …的技能; …術(shù)”, 如: friendship, partnership伙伴關(guān)系, seamanship航海術(shù), hardship困苦, readership讀者群, scholarship會(huì)員身份, ownership所有制
10.后綴–hood表示身份, 資格, 時(shí)間, 集體, 狀態(tài), 如: brotherhood兄弟般的關(guān)系, likelihood可能性, neighborhood鄰里, childhood童年時(shí)代, boyhood少年時(shí)代, girlhood少女時(shí)代
11.后綴–ity, 如: reality現(xiàn)實(shí), ability能力, activity活動(dòng), possibility可能性, regularity正規(guī), nationality國(guó)籍, disability殘疾, minority少數(shù)
12.后綴–ence, 如: difference區(qū)別, existence存在, silence沉默, occurrence事件, reference提及, conference會(huì)議
13.后綴-ance, 如: appearance出現(xiàn), performance表演, acceptance接受, assistance幫助, distance距離
14.后綴-ure, 如: pleasure快樂(lè), failure失敗, exposure暴露, closure關(guān)閉, mixture混合, gesture姿勢(shì)
15.后綴–ess表示女性或雌性, 如: hostess女主人, mistress主婦, lioness雌獅子, waitress女服務(wù)員
16.后綴–th, 如: truth真理, strength力量, length長(zhǎng)度, growth成長(zhǎng), depth深度
17.后綴–al, 如: removal除去, survival幸存, proposal建議, trial試驗(yàn), approval承認(rèn)
18.后綴–ant表示 “做…事的人或物”, 如: accountant會(huì)計(jì), applicant申請(qǐng)者, consultant請(qǐng)教者, servant服務(wù)員, assistant助手, expectant期待者
19.后綴–ee表示 “受…者,…行為者”, 如: employee受雇者, payee收款人, referee受委托者, appointee被任命者
20.后綴–eer表示 “與…有關(guān)者, 從事…者”, 如: volunteer自愿者, profiteer不當(dāng)?shù)美? racketeer詐騙者
21.后綴-ful表示 “滿(mǎn)量”, 如: basketful一籃, handful一把, houseful滿(mǎn)屋子
22.后綴–ese表示 “…的人, …語(yǔ)”, 如: Japanese, Cantonese廣東人, Vietnamese越南人, Viennese維也納人
四.構(gòu)成形容詞的后綴:
1.后綴–ful表示 “充滿(mǎn)…的, 有…性質(zhì)的”, 如: careful, useful, helpful, hopeful, powerful, painful, merciful
2.后綴–less表示 “無(wú); 不做; 不能”, 如: careless, hopeless, fatherless喪父的, harmless, rainless, countless無(wú)數(shù)的, speechless無(wú)言的
3.后綴–able表示 “能夠; 適于…; 值得…”, 如: eatable, acceptable, laughable可笑的, comfortable
4.后綴–ible表示 “可(被)…的; 能…的”, 如: responsible有責(zé)任的, permissible可允許的, divisible可分的, possible可能的
5.后綴–ic表示 “與…有關(guān)的; 像…的; 由…產(chǎn)生的”, 如: heroic英雄的, historic有歷史意義的, atomic原子的, energetic精力旺盛的, electric電的
6.后綴–ive表示 “擁有…的性質(zhì); 有…的傾向”, 如: inventive發(fā)明的, imaginative富有想象力的, sensitive敏感的, effective有效的, expressive表情豐富的
7.后綴– ous表示 “具有…的; 多…的; 有…特性的”, 如: various, nervous, continuous連續(xù)的, poisonous有毒的, anxious, mountainous多山的, dangerous, courageous英勇的
8.后綴–y表示 “有…的; 由…構(gòu)成, 似…的; 有點(diǎn)…的”, 如: healthy, wealthy, rainy, windy, silky, greedy, smelly有臭味的
9.后綴–ly表示 “像…的; 有…性質(zhì)的; 反復(fù)發(fā)生的”, 如: friendly, motherly母親似的, manly在男子氣的, monthly每月的
10.后綴–ant表示 “有…性質(zhì)的”, 如: important, distant, ignorant無(wú)知的
11.后綴–ent表示 “…的狀態(tài)”, 如: different, independent, impatient, frequent經(jīng)常的, excellent極好的
12.后綴–en表示 “由…制的”, 如: wooden, woolen羊毛的, golden金的
13.后綴–ern表示方向, 如: western, eastern, northern, southern
14.后綴–al表示 “像…的; 與…有關(guān)的”, 如: personal, electrical電的, cultural, natural, national
15.后綴–ish表示 “似…的; …的”, 如: selfish自私的, childish似孩童的, foolish
16.后綴–like表示 “像…的”, 如: childlike孩子般天真的, godlike上帝般的, lifelike栩栩如生的
17.后綴–ary表示 “與…有關(guān)的; …的”, 如: revolutionary革命的, imaginary虛構(gòu)的, momentary瞬間的, primary首要的, ordinary普通的
18.后綴–ed表示 “有…的; 特有…的”, 如: skilled有技術(shù)的, talented有天賦的, wooded林木茂密的
19.后綴–some表示 “易于…的, 有…傾向的; 產(chǎn)生…的”, 如: lonesome寂寞的, handsome英俊的, tiresome討厭的, fearsome可怕的, burdensome沉重的
20.后綴–an表示 “…的, 與…有關(guān)的, …風(fēng)格的”, 如: Canadian加拿大的, Australian澳大利亞的, Mexican墨西哥的, American, European歐洲的
五.構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的后綴:
1.后綴–ize / -ise表示 “使成為, 使能夠, 作…處理”, 如: realize實(shí)現(xiàn), industrialize工業(yè)化, mechanize機(jī)械化, nationalize使國(guó)有化, revolutionize使革命化, modernize使現(xiàn)代化
2.后綴–ify表示 “使成為…的; 使…化”, 如: beautify美化, terrify使驚嚇, electrify電氣化, magnify放大
3.后綴–en表示 “使有, 使得”, 如: strengthen加強(qiáng), deepen加深, darken使變黑, shorten使變短, fasten扎牢
4.后綴–ate表示 “使, 作為…”, 如: activate使活動(dòng), motivate激發(fā), liberate解放, separate分開(kāi), hibernate冬眠
六.構(gòu)成副詞的后綴:
1.后綴-ly, 如: really, simply, happily, publicly, happily, lastly, lately, excitedly
2.后綴–ward表示方向, 如: upward, inward, westward, homeward, backward
合成詞
合成詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成的一個(gè)新詞
一.合成名詞, 如: workforce, haircut, postman, X-ray, mailbox, landowner, farmland, handstand, handshake, coastline, gunfire, short-wave, gentleman, newcomer, tightrope, best-seller, mainland, freeway, second-hand, midday, front-runner, pickpocket扒手, breakwater防波堤, runway, sit-downer靜坐罷工者, breakthrough突破, runaround借口, runaway逃亡, sell-out售完, handout傳單, breakdown衰落
二.合成形容詞, 如: worldwide, nationwide, duty-free, snow-white, world-famous, lifelong, English-speaking, noise-killing, hand-made, peace-loving, horse-drawn, fun-loving, ready-made現(xiàn)成的, good-looking, easy-going, low-lying地勢(shì)低洼的, well-known, hard-working, well-informed消息靈通的, widespread, ill-formed, first-rate, second-hand, worthwhile, everyday, middle-aged, warm-blooded, good-tempered, bare-footed
三.合成代詞, 如: himself, herself, themselves, something, someone, anything, nobody
四.合成動(dòng)詞, 如: overthrow, output, input, uphold, uplift, downgrade, sleep-walk, typewrite, brainwash, handpick精選, daydream, whitewash, deep-freeze
五.合成副詞, 如: meanwhile, midway, everywhere, somewhere, anyway, otherwise, sometime, beforehand, onshore, inside, offhand, headfirst頭朝下地, daylong
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