初中英語詞匯:初三英語專題講解 詞匯辨析(三)

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《初三英語專題講解 詞匯辨析(三)》由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com編輯整理。本內(nèi)容整理時間為05月12日,如有任何問題請聯(lián)系我們。
    -【名師講解】
    1. think/ think/about/ think of
    (1) think 單獨使用時表示"思考", 接that 賓語從句時意為"認為","覺得"。
    I am thinking how to work out the problem.
    I think she is a good student.
    當賓語從句含有否定概念時,通常形式上否定think ,但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。
    I don't think he can come.
    I don't think it will be windy.
    (2)think about 可接一個名詞,動詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語從句,意思是"考慮……"。
    I have thought about it for a long time.
    Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
    (3)think of 表示"認為", 一般用于疑問句中,與what 連用。
    What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?
    2. big/ large/ great
    上述形容詞都表示"大",但側(cè)重點及程度不同。
    (1) big指具體事物的大小,強調(diào)比正常形體的標準大,既可用在普通場合,也可用在正式場合。它可用來指人的身材高大或"長大了",還可表示"偉大","重要"之意。如:
    Can you lift up this big stone?
    On the last day I made a big decision.
    (2) large特別強調(diào)遠遠超過標準的大,指體積、面積、容積、數(shù)量之大。如:
    A whale is a large animal.
    A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
    (3) great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味著偉大性,重要性, 優(yōu)越性;常用于抽象
    或無形的東西;用于有形的東西時,常帶有"偉大","大得令人吃驚"等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:
    China is a great country with a long history.
    He was one of the greatest scientists.
    3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
    (1) cost表示"花錢",花費,付出(只能用于錢、精力、生命等;主語必須是物。)
    The book cost me five yuan.
    (2) take的主語是動詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。
    It took me five yuan to buy the book..
    (3) spend,在主動語句中主語是人
    I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
    (4) pay的主語是人。
    I paid five yuan for the book.
    4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
    這四個詞在談?wù)摰絻r格的高低時,要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格"高",而cheap 與low涉及到價格"低"。
    (1) expensive昂貴的,花錢多的。這個單詞若談到"價格高,貨貴"時,其主語不能是價格,必須是貨物、物品本身。如:
    This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。
    These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。
    注意:cheap表示"價廉","便宜的",其主語也不能是價格,必須是物品本身。如:
    The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。
    This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。
    (2)high在表示價格時,含義是"高",low在表示價格時,含義是"低",這兩個詞不能用于物品本身,只能用在價格上。如:
    The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價格太高了。
    The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價格對我來說是不低。
    下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照:
    The price of this computer is expensive.
    (宜改為:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
    The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
    (宜改為:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
    5. alone/ lonely
    lonely 與alone的意思比較接近,但在使用時有所區(qū)別:
    (1)lonely用作形容詞,意思是"孤單的;寂寞的"??芍感撵`上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語,也可作定語。
    (2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞,意思是"單獨;獨自",不指心理上寂寞的感覺。
    She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
    她被帶到一個荒島上,自己居住,但她從不感到寂寞。
    6. before long/ long before
    (1)before long 作“不久以后”講,切不要按字面譯為“長時間以前”或“好久以前”。如:
    We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久(以后)就把實驗做完。
    (2)long before 作"很久以前"講。原意為"……以前很久",故也可譯為"老早"。long before 跟before long
    不同,前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句;當上下文明確時,名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。
    They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
    我們昨天開始做實驗,但我們在那以前很久就已經(jīng)做準備了。
    7. as/ when/ while
    (1)as 是連詞,意思是"當……的時候,一面……一面",(強調(diào)同時,一般連續(xù)時間不長),如:
    As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
    正當我們談?wù)?quot;泰坦尼克號"這部電影時,教師進來了。
    The students sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。
    (2)When和as一樣都是連詞,注意它們的不同。如when"當……的時候"(一般表示動作緊接著發(fā)生);"那時"(等立連詞,前有逗號分開)
    I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山,那時天開始下雨了。
    (3)while是"當……時候;和……同時"(強調(diào)同時發(fā)生,一般連續(xù)時間較長)
    While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當我在看電視的時候,他正在看書。
    While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
    8. beat/win/ hit
    (1)beat 是動詞,意思是"連續(xù)地打; 打敗; 敲打"。beat后可接人或隊名。意思是"擊敗對手。"如:
    I can beat you at swimming.
    (2)win意思是"贏得某個項目",后面常接"match, game"。如:
    He won a game. 他勝一局。
    We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。
    (3)hit意思是"擊中"(有時可表示"打一下")。如:
    The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣,打了她孩子一下。
    9. keep doing/keep on doing
    (1)keep doing側(cè)重表示"持續(xù)不停地做某事"或"持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)"。如:
    The girl kept crying all the time. 那個女孩一直在哭。
    The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個小時。
    (2)keep on doing 表示"總不斷做某事",不表示靜止狀態(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如:
    It kept on raining for seven days.
    Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
    10. get/ turn/ become
    這三個詞都可作系動詞用,表示狀態(tài)的變化,后跟表語,但三個詞的用法稍有不同。get強調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化;turn強調(diào)色彩的變化;而become則強調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化。如:
    The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越來越短。
    She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出問題,臉紅了。
    When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時候當?shù)睦蠋煟渴昵啊?BR>    11. steal / rob
    從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思;從搭配上來講,steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob則用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如:
    He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.
    They robbed the bank of one million dollars.
    12. see/look/watch/notice
    在英語中,see,look,watch,notice都有“看”的意思,要注意他們的區(qū)別。
    see意為“看到”,表示視覺器官有意識或無意識地看到物體,強調(diào)“看到”的結(jié)果。
    look意為“看”,表示有意識地觀看,強調(diào)“看”的動作。
    watch意為“觀看,注視”,指以較大的注意力觀看。
    notice意為“看到,注意到”,指有意識的注意,含有從不注意到注意的變化的意義。例如:
    What can you see in the picture?在圖畫中你能看到什么?
    Look! How happily they are playing!看!他們玩得多高興??!
    He’s watched TV for over two hours.他看了兩個多小時的電視。
    He noticed a purse lying on the road.他注意到地上有個錢包。
    13. Shoot/ shoot at
    shoot是及物動詞,意思是“射中,射死”,賓語多為人或動物等。而shoot at是一個動詞詞組,意為“向……射擊”,至于射中或射死與否不得而知。如:
    The man shot five birds in the forest.那個人在森林里射死(中)了五只鳥。
    The hunter shot at the bear.獵人朝熊射擊了。
    They shot at the she-wolf, but didn't shoot her.他們向那只母狼射擊,但是沒有射中/死。
    14. escape/ run away
    (1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脫”或“逃避”講時,往往會有成功之意。如:
    The old man escaped death.那個老人死里逃生。
    The thief escaped from prison.那個小偷越獄了。
    (2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”講時,往往強調(diào)動作。如:
    Don't let him run away. 別讓他跑了。
    口語中escape和run away可以互用。
    15. so that..../ so... that....
    (1) so that....為了,以便 。引導(dǎo)一個目的狀語從句,從句中往往有情態(tài)動詞。也可引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句。如:
    I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.
    Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.
    He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
    (2) so... that....既可引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句,也可引導(dǎo)一個目的狀語從句。
    如:The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.
    I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.
    《初三英語專題講解 詞匯辨析(三)》由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com編輯整理