高中英語詞匯:常用英語詞語辨析105組(6)

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《常用英語詞語辨析105組(6)》由英語編輯整理,更多請訪問:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/。本內(nèi)容整理時間為05月12日,如有任何問題請聯(lián)系我們。
    51.in the case of,in case of與in case
    in the case of:as for; in a particular occasion of 至于;就……而言
    例:a.Most of the students are very diligent, but it's different in the case of Mary.大多數(shù)學生很勤奮,但就瑪麗而言卻不是這樣。b.In the case of the population.China is the largest county in the world 就人口而言,中國是世界上最大的國家 c.In the case of a physical change no new substance is formed.就物理變化來說,沒有新的物質(zhì)產(chǎn)生
    in case of: for fear that sth. should happen; if sth. should happen 以防;萬一 例:a.In case of rain, you'd better take an umbrella.你最好帶把雨傘,以防下雨。
    b. In case of fire, dial 119.如果發(fā)生火災,撥打電話119。in case:if,for fear that如果,以防
    例:a.In case he comes,let me know.如果他來的話,告訴我一聲。 b.Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.帶上雨傘,以防下雨。
    52.relationship與relation
    relationship和relation都是指人或事物之間的聯(lián)系。relationship指人時含義是有著很深感情的緊密關(guān)系,如:her relationship with her husband;這兩個詞都可以指相互關(guān)照、互為依賴的事物,如:the relation/relationship between temperature and humidity溫度和濕度的關(guān)系。如果指人和組織之間的一種比較正規(guī)或松散的關(guān)系,就多用relations,如:The local community has good relations with the police. / Relations betweenour countries are improving. comrade同志,志同道合者,顯然不對。
    53.recall與remind
    recall和remind 容易混淆,也是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的考點,它們的區(qū)別如下:
    ① recall,bring (sth/sb) back into the mind,recollect 使想起,使回憶?
    例如: I can't recall his name. 我想不起他的名字?
    She recalled that he had left early. 她回憶起他已經(jīng)早早走了。
    ② remind,inform (sb) of a fact,or tell(sb) to do sth he may have forgotten,提醒……要做
    例如: Do I have to remind you yet again?還要我再一次提醒你嗎?
    Travellers are reminded that malaria tablets are advisable. 旅客被提醒最好服用防虐疾病藥片。
    54.due to, owing to與thanks to
    目前普遍認為due to與owing to為同義詞,但用法不同。
    due to可用在be之后,如:His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway.她遲到是因高速公路上車輛過多所致。
    due to也可用作狀語,而owing to只用作狀語,如:He was late owing to /due to the very heavy traffic.因交通擁擠,他遲到了。
    due to可直接用在名詞后:Accidents due to driving at high speed were very commonthat weekend.在那個周末因高速駕駛造成的交通事故很多。
    thanks to相當于“on account of; because of因為”,多用于褒義。
    55.habit,practice與custom
    這組名詞一般含義為“習慣”
    habit指個人的“習慣”,通常用于表示做事、思考問題或行為舉止的不自覺的方式方法,如:I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.不久就回到在電視屏幕前打瞌睡的壞習慣去了。
    practice 既可表示個人的也可表示社會的“習慣”,這種“習慣”從性質(zhì)上看是一種反復不斷的或是有選擇性的行為或者方法。On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat—the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.在另一方面,一想到用動物油煎馬鈴薯,你便會作嘔。然而在許多北歐國家里,這是為大家接受的通常習慣。I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice.我飯后喝咖啡,這是我的習慣。
    custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含義,此外,custom 還包含這樣一層意思:長期而廣泛采用的行為或方法,即風俗習慣,按照某地區(qū)人們共同生活及其行為的準則或規(guī)范,它不僅有指導意義,而且具有必須遵循的意義。Don't be a slave to custom. 不要做風俗習慣的奴隸。It is difficult to get used to another country's custom.要適應另一個國家的風俗習慣是很困難的。
    56.method, manner與way
    這組詞的一般含義是“方式”或“方法”。
    method所表示的“方法”可以指做某件事的具體步驟或程序,也可以指抽象概念“條理,規(guī)律”。例如:We must get some method into our office filing.我們必須把公文歸檔工作弄出些條理來。
    manner主要表示個人喜歡采用的方式,與mode意義相近,但mode更為正式。而且manner不用于表示傳統(tǒng)或習俗所形成的方式方法。例如:I don't object to what she says, but Is trongly disapprove of her manner of saying it.我不反對她說的話,但她說這話的方式我很反感。Do it in a businesslike manner.要鄭重其事做這事。
    way 常常出現(xiàn)在固定詞組中,故使用頻率很高,雖然在不少含way的詞組中,way的意思相當于method, mode,或manner,但只用way,這是約定俗成的。例如:Civilized man like such a way of living.文明人喜歡這樣的生活方式。She smiled in a friendly way.她友好地笑了笑。
    57.damage, destroy與ruin
    都含“破壞”、“毀壞”的意思。damage 指“價值、用途降低或外表損壞等, 不一定全部破壞, 損壞了還可以修復”例: The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毀壞了許多房子。destroy 指“徹底毀壞以至不能或很難修復”例: That town was destroyed in a big fire.那個城鎮(zhèn)在一場大火中被毀了。ruin現(xiàn)在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“弄壞了”例: He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄臟了。
    58.at last, in time, finally與in the end
    這幾個詞語都有“終于”或“最后”的意思。at last 強調(diào)久等之后 例: a. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of special type of grass?seed which would grow quickly.在火終于被撲滅的時候,森林管理局訂購了好幾噸特殊速生草籽。b. When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.在牙科醫(yī)生終于把藥棉從我嘴中取出時,我才勉強地告訴他說,他把牙拔錯了。c. At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.消防隊員終于撲滅了加利福尼亞州的一場森林大火。in time 表示經(jīng)過一段不定的時間之后例: a. In time, all Sam?s money was paid back in this way.山姆所有的錢終于都用這種辦法歸還了。b. You will learn how to do it in time.這項工作你最終總能學會做的。注:in time 還有“及時”的意思。
    finally 也表示久等之后,但有時表示在一系列因素的最后一個之后。例: a. After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.推遲了三次度假之后,我們終于在希臘度了假。b. We need to increase productivity. We need to reduce unemployment. And finally, we need to make our exports competitive on world markets.我們需要增加生產(chǎn)率,減少失業(yè)率,最后我們需要使我們的出口產(chǎn)品在國際市場上具有競爭力。in the end 和 finally 同義,但 finally 一般位于謂語前。這些詞除 finally 之外,其他三個都可以用在謂語前,也可位于謂語后。例: a. In the end, we stay at home and look after everything.最后,我們還是呆在家里照看著一切。b. He tried many ways of earning, in the end he became a farm labourer.他試過許多謀生之道,最后他做了農(nóng)場工人。
    59.delay, postpone與put off
    均含“推遲”、“延期”、“延緩”的意思。delay 指“暫時阻撓或阻擋, 稍后可再繼續(xù)進行”例:The steamer was delayed by bad weather.汽輪因天氣不佳而延期。postpone是正式用語, 語義較強, 指“有意識地延至將來某一特定時間”, 在多數(shù)情況下, 后面說明改在何時進行 例:The meeting has been postponed to Friday.會議推遲到星期五舉行。put off與postpone大致同義, 但較通俗口語化 例:Let?s put this off till some other time.我們還是把這擱一擱, 以后再說吧。
    60.attempt與try
    它們的一般含義是致力于可能成功也可能失敗的某件事。attempt 的含義是去做自己希望會成功的事,常常包含冒險的意義。例:a. It will be a long time before any landing on Mars can be attempted試圖在火星上著陸是一件遙遠的事。b. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. 一年多的時間過去之后,才作了首次嘗試。
    try 比 attempt 普通得多。在口語中使用 try 比使用 attempt 顯得淺近通俗。但這兩個詞有著明顯的差異。try 表示試一試,意即欲證明或檢驗某件事,這是attempt 所不能表達的。在表示致力于某事時,try 并不包含冒險的意思。例:a. You can try on the new coat. 這件新上衣,你可以試一試。b. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton wool.我想說句話,但我嘴里塞滿了藥棉。
    《常用英語詞語辨析105組(6)》由英語編輯整理,更多請訪問:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/