初中英語語法:初中英語語法中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)

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    什么是平行結(jié)構(gòu)? parallel structure
    平行結(jié)構(gòu)指的是相同的語法結(jié)構(gòu),它要求有同等重要的思想、概念,并列的句子成分要用同類的語法形式來表達(dá),要用并列連詞連接。平行結(jié)構(gòu)是一種修辭手法,它可以使句子前后保持平衡和協(xié)調(diào),從而增加語言的連貫性。
    一、連詞連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的詞和對(duì)等的結(jié)構(gòu)
    并列連詞and, but, as well as, or, or else, both … and, neither … nor, either … or, not only … but (also), rather than等以及從屬連詞than可連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的詞和對(duì)等的結(jié)構(gòu)。
    1.所連接的謂語形式必須一致
    例1:He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.
    例2:Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.
    2.所連接的詞或短語形式必須一致
    例1:Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.
    例2:We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.
    例3:I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.
    3.連接的非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須一致
    例1:Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.
    例2:He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.
    4.所連接的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須一致
    例1:She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.
    例2:The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than it did for us.
    二、某些特定的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
    (1)有些詞后要用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
    prefer sth to sth
    prefer doing sth to doing sth
    prefer to do sth rather than do sth
    1) I prefer rice to noodles.
    2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.
    3) He preferred to die rather than surrender.
    (2)有些結(jié)構(gòu)中要用平行結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
    would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had as soon do something as do something (寧可……也不……)
    1) Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.
    2) I would as soon stay at home as go.
    III 部分強(qiáng)調(diào)句
    要強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分,可以把句子的結(jié)構(gòu)改變一下,通常有兩種表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的句式:It is / was … that …結(jié)構(gòu)和What … is / was…結(jié)構(gòu)。
    一、It is / was … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)
    1.It is / was … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中幾乎任何部分
    例1:It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.
    例2:It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.
    2.被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分指人時(shí),可用who枵whom
    強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),如果指的是人, 可以不用that而用who來代替。強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語時(shí),如果指點(diǎn)的是人,可用whom。例如:
    1)It was the dean who walked by.
    2)It was Mary whom the old lady missed most.
    3被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時(shí),要用that
    例如:It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday.
    4.被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是狀語時(shí),也只能用that,不能用when或where.
    例1:It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French.
    例2:It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference.
    5.不能用It is / was … that 結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞
    強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞常用do,過去式用did。例如:
    1) They did study very hard yesterday.
    2) He does look forward to making the acquaintance of her.
    What … is / was … 結(jié)構(gòu)
    二、What … is / was … 結(jié)構(gòu)常用來強(qiáng)調(diào)主語或賓語,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,is/ was后面是強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。例如:
    1)What hurts is my left leg.
    2)What I like is her style.
    《初中英語語法中的平行結(jié)構(gòu)》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理