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詞語用法選析
1. A. Africa is second only to Asia in area.
B. I want a second pair of shoes.
C. Argentina is the second biggest nation in Latin America.
為什么句 A 中的序數(shù)詞 second 前面不加冠詞,句 B 中的序數(shù)詞 second 前面加不定冠詞,句 C 中的序數(shù)詞 second 前面加定冠詞 the ?
析:不加冠詞的 second 作“次于”解;加不定冠詞的 second 作“另外的”解;加定冠詞的 second 才是真正的序數(shù)詞,作“第二”解。三個句子的意思分別是: A. 非洲的面積僅次于亞洲。 B. 我再要一雙鞋子。 C. 阿根廷是拉丁美洲的第二大國。
2. I ain't got any more money. 句中的 ain't 是什么意思?
析: ain't[enit] 是個俗用詞,有時被寫成 an't .它可以是 are not , is not , am not , have not , has not 的縮寫形式。在口語中??陕牭竭@種讀音。例如:
You're joking, ain't (= aren't) you? / I ain't (= am not) going to do it. /That ain't (= is not) true, I'm afraid. / Your letter ain't (= has not) reached me up to now. 所問句子的意思是: I have not got any more money.
3. His uncle is a child of a man. 這句話是什么意思?
析:“ a + 名詞 + of + a + 名詞”是強調(diào)人、物特性的一種同位屬格結(jié)構(gòu)。前一名詞表示的是后一名詞的屬性,作“像……那樣的”解,是文學(xué)語言中的一種修辭手法。如果意思上需要,可用代詞代替前一名詞前的不定冠詞;也可用代詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞代替后一名詞前的不定冠詞。如: This is a palace of a house. 這是一所有宮殿氣派的房子。 Miss Chen is a flower of a girl. 陳小姐是個像鮮花一樣的姑娘。 She divorced her brute of a husband. 她和她那畜生般的丈夫離了婚。 He has a mountain of debts to pay. 他債臺高筑。所問句子可譯作:他的叔叔是個充滿孩子氣的大人。
4. A. “The pupils all don't like the maths teacher” 和 B. “The pupils all dislike the maths teacher” 的意思相同嗎?
析:這兩句意思不相同。 all, both, every 等詞與 not 連用時,通常表示部分否定。若 all, both, every 等詞與 dislike, impossible, invisible, disbelieve, unkind, useless 等含否定前綴或后綴的詞連用時,則表示全部否定。比較: Both of the twins cannot dance. 這對雙胞胎并不都會跳舞。 Everybody here is useless to me. 在這里,每一個人在我看來都沒有用。 Every one of them doesn't believe you wrong. 他們并不是每個人都認(rèn)為你錯。
5. A. I don't know English and French.
B. I don't know English or French.
這兩個句子有什么區(qū)別?
析: not A or B 表示全部否定, not A and B 會產(chǎn)生歧義。句 A 的意思可以是: I know neither English nor French. 或: I know English, but I don't know French. 如果要表示全部否定,并且不至于產(chǎn)生歧義,你最好用 not A or B 結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,下列結(jié)構(gòu)中的全部否定,應(yīng)用 and 表達,而不用 or :
A. 簡單句中出現(xiàn)兩個否定詞。如: Men cannot live without air and water.
B. 各列舉成分前面都有否定詞。如: It has no eyes and no ears.
C. 列舉成分在否定詞前。如: Dad and Mum cannot write their names.
D. and 構(gòu)成的固定詞組。如: He didn't work day and night.
E. and 連接兩個表示先后發(fā)生的兩個動作。如: Don't drink and drive. 別酒后駕駛。
6. & 怎么讀?它表示什么意思?
析: & 是拉丁語單詞 et[et] ,也是法語單詞 et[ei] .它是 e 和 t 兩個字母連寫的變體,作連接詞用,與 and 同義。它只能連接單個名詞,多用于商標(biāo)、公司名稱或報刊、欄目名稱中,不用于較規(guī)范的文章或語句中。若連接兩個縮略詞,則用 & ,不用 and .如: vi & vt . & 也可與 and 配合使用。如: Building & construction and Aesthetics 建筑與美學(xué)。
7. A. Mary has made great progress, _________ delighted her parents.
B. Tom was late for class again, _________ made the teacher angry.
C. She told a lie, _________ her father found strange.
D. Mr White treats me like a baby, ________ I cannot bear.
E. Alice seemed a nice girl, __________ in fact she was.
F. I saw the man every day, _________ was very natural.
G. He was a Tibetan, _________ I knew from what he wore.
H. He has won the 2nd place, _________ often happened.
I. All the problems, _________ you will find out, are now settled.
J. He opposed the idea, _________ could be expected.
上面各句的空白處填 which, as 都可以嗎?
析:關(guān)系代詞 which , as 都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾整個主句。但是,從句是“主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + (補語)”結(jié)構(gòu)或從句含有否定意義時,要用 which 作從句中的主語或賓語,而不用 as ;從句是“主語 + 謂語 + (賓語)”時只用 which 作從句中的主語;從句中無賓語或需要關(guān)系代詞作賓語時,可用 which 或 as 作主語或賓語;從句是“主語 + 系詞 + 表語”時,可用 which 或 as 作從句中的主語或表語。在非限制性定語從句中, which 只置于句末, as 可置于句首、句中或句末:當(dāng) as 作“正如”解,但仍有連接詞含義時,不可用 which 代之。所以, A , B , C , D 四句中要填 which ; E , F , G , H 四句中可填 which 或 as , I , J 兩句中只能填 as .
10. A. I didn't enjoy the performance at all.
B. If you do it at all, do it well.
C. To see an American at all in a place like this was a surprise to me.
D. Do you know it at all?
這四句中的 at all 有什么區(qū)別?
析: at all 用來加強語氣。 at all 用于否定句中,作“根本,完全”解; at all 用于條件句中,作“(如果)真地,確實”解; at all 用于肯定句或疑問句中,作“到底,竟然”解。所以,句 A 譯作:我一點也不喜歡這個表演。句 B 譯作:如果你真地要去做,就要把它做好。句 C 譯作:在這樣的地方居然會見到一個美國人,我感到驚奇。句 D 譯作:你究竟知道不知道?
《高中英語語法-詞語用法選析》由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com編輯整理
詞語用法選析
1. A. Africa is second only to Asia in area.
B. I want a second pair of shoes.
C. Argentina is the second biggest nation in Latin America.
為什么句 A 中的序數(shù)詞 second 前面不加冠詞,句 B 中的序數(shù)詞 second 前面加不定冠詞,句 C 中的序數(shù)詞 second 前面加定冠詞 the ?
析:不加冠詞的 second 作“次于”解;加不定冠詞的 second 作“另外的”解;加定冠詞的 second 才是真正的序數(shù)詞,作“第二”解。三個句子的意思分別是: A. 非洲的面積僅次于亞洲。 B. 我再要一雙鞋子。 C. 阿根廷是拉丁美洲的第二大國。
2. I ain't got any more money. 句中的 ain't 是什么意思?
析: ain't[enit] 是個俗用詞,有時被寫成 an't .它可以是 are not , is not , am not , have not , has not 的縮寫形式。在口語中??陕牭竭@種讀音。例如:
You're joking, ain't (= aren't) you? / I ain't (= am not) going to do it. /That ain't (= is not) true, I'm afraid. / Your letter ain't (= has not) reached me up to now. 所問句子的意思是: I have not got any more money.
3. His uncle is a child of a man. 這句話是什么意思?
析:“ a + 名詞 + of + a + 名詞”是強調(diào)人、物特性的一種同位屬格結(jié)構(gòu)。前一名詞表示的是后一名詞的屬性,作“像……那樣的”解,是文學(xué)語言中的一種修辭手法。如果意思上需要,可用代詞代替前一名詞前的不定冠詞;也可用代詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞代替后一名詞前的不定冠詞。如: This is a palace of a house. 這是一所有宮殿氣派的房子。 Miss Chen is a flower of a girl. 陳小姐是個像鮮花一樣的姑娘。 She divorced her brute of a husband. 她和她那畜生般的丈夫離了婚。 He has a mountain of debts to pay. 他債臺高筑。所問句子可譯作:他的叔叔是個充滿孩子氣的大人。
4. A. “The pupils all don't like the maths teacher” 和 B. “The pupils all dislike the maths teacher” 的意思相同嗎?
析:這兩句意思不相同。 all, both, every 等詞與 not 連用時,通常表示部分否定。若 all, both, every 等詞與 dislike, impossible, invisible, disbelieve, unkind, useless 等含否定前綴或后綴的詞連用時,則表示全部否定。比較: Both of the twins cannot dance. 這對雙胞胎并不都會跳舞。 Everybody here is useless to me. 在這里,每一個人在我看來都沒有用。 Every one of them doesn't believe you wrong. 他們并不是每個人都認(rèn)為你錯。
5. A. I don't know English and French.
B. I don't know English or French.
這兩個句子有什么區(qū)別?
析: not A or B 表示全部否定, not A and B 會產(chǎn)生歧義。句 A 的意思可以是: I know neither English nor French. 或: I know English, but I don't know French. 如果要表示全部否定,并且不至于產(chǎn)生歧義,你最好用 not A or B 結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,下列結(jié)構(gòu)中的全部否定,應(yīng)用 and 表達,而不用 or :
A. 簡單句中出現(xiàn)兩個否定詞。如: Men cannot live without air and water.
B. 各列舉成分前面都有否定詞。如: It has no eyes and no ears.
C. 列舉成分在否定詞前。如: Dad and Mum cannot write their names.
D. and 構(gòu)成的固定詞組。如: He didn't work day and night.
E. and 連接兩個表示先后發(fā)生的兩個動作。如: Don't drink and drive. 別酒后駕駛。
6. & 怎么讀?它表示什么意思?
析: & 是拉丁語單詞 et[et] ,也是法語單詞 et[ei] .它是 e 和 t 兩個字母連寫的變體,作連接詞用,與 and 同義。它只能連接單個名詞,多用于商標(biāo)、公司名稱或報刊、欄目名稱中,不用于較規(guī)范的文章或語句中。若連接兩個縮略詞,則用 & ,不用 and .如: vi & vt . & 也可與 and 配合使用。如: Building & construction and Aesthetics 建筑與美學(xué)。
7. A. Mary has made great progress, _________ delighted her parents.
B. Tom was late for class again, _________ made the teacher angry.
C. She told a lie, _________ her father found strange.
D. Mr White treats me like a baby, ________ I cannot bear.
E. Alice seemed a nice girl, __________ in fact she was.
F. I saw the man every day, _________ was very natural.
G. He was a Tibetan, _________ I knew from what he wore.
H. He has won the 2nd place, _________ often happened.
I. All the problems, _________ you will find out, are now settled.
J. He opposed the idea, _________ could be expected.
上面各句的空白處填 which, as 都可以嗎?
析:關(guān)系代詞 which , as 都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾整個主句。但是,從句是“主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + (補語)”結(jié)構(gòu)或從句含有否定意義時,要用 which 作從句中的主語或賓語,而不用 as ;從句是“主語 + 謂語 + (賓語)”時只用 which 作從句中的主語;從句中無賓語或需要關(guān)系代詞作賓語時,可用 which 或 as 作主語或賓語;從句是“主語 + 系詞 + 表語”時,可用 which 或 as 作從句中的主語或表語。在非限制性定語從句中, which 只置于句末, as 可置于句首、句中或句末:當(dāng) as 作“正如”解,但仍有連接詞含義時,不可用 which 代之。所以, A , B , C , D 四句中要填 which ; E , F , G , H 四句中可填 which 或 as , I , J 兩句中只能填 as .
10. A. I didn't enjoy the performance at all.
B. If you do it at all, do it well.
C. To see an American at all in a place like this was a surprise to me.
D. Do you know it at all?
這四句中的 at all 有什么區(qū)別?
析: at all 用來加強語氣。 at all 用于否定句中,作“根本,完全”解; at all 用于條件句中,作“(如果)真地,確實”解; at all 用于肯定句或疑問句中,作“到底,竟然”解。所以,句 A 譯作:我一點也不喜歡這個表演。句 B 譯作:如果你真地要去做,就要把它做好。句 C 譯作:在這樣的地方居然會見到一個美國人,我感到驚奇。句 D 譯作:你究竟知道不知道?
《高中英語語法-詞語用法選析》由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com編輯整理