《淺談延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞》由留學(xué)英語(yǔ)組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本內(nèi)容整理時(shí)間為05月12日，如有任何問(wèn)題請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。
一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念
英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示"段時(shí)間"的短語(yǔ)有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。
2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"狀語(yǔ)連用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？
2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
誤：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。
誤：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法：
(1)將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時(shí)間+since..."表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。
(4)用句型"時(shí)間+has passed+since..."表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。
3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成"not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till ..."的句型，意為"直到……才……"。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能離開(kāi)這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫(huà)完畫(huà)，我才上床睡覺(jué)。
5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是"段時(shí)間"(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動(dòng)詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))
6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如：
誤：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
《淺談延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞》由留學(xué)英語(yǔ)組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)
一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念
英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示"段時(shí)間"的短語(yǔ)有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。
2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"狀語(yǔ)連用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征
1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：
The train has arrived.火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？
2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
誤：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。
誤：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
正：Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法：
(1)將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)將句中表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段時(shí)間+since..."表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。
(4)用句型"時(shí)間+has passed+since..."表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。
3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成"not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till ..."的句型，意為"直到……才……"。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能離開(kāi)這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫(huà)完畫(huà)，我才上床睡覺(jué)。
5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是"段時(shí)間"(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動(dòng)詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))
6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如：
誤：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
《淺談延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞》由留學(xué)英語(yǔ)組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)