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逗號(hào)考點(diǎn)全析
標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在英語中往往易被同學(xué)們所忽略。其實(shí)正確掌握標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),尤其是逗號(hào),對分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)與解題有著十分重要的作用。
一 . 逗號(hào)用于并列成分之間。如果并列成分只有兩個(gè),且已有連詞連接,則不須再用逗號(hào)連接;但三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的并列成分之間,除最后兩個(gè)并列成分用連詞連接外,其余均須用逗號(hào)隔開。如:
1. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, _______ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
析:答案為 A 項(xiàng)。句中三個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞相連,時(shí)態(tài)一致,屬“ A,B and C ”句型。
2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
析:答案為 B 項(xiàng)。句中的兩個(gè)不定式短語作表語,其間并無連詞連接,這時(shí)第二個(gè)不定式符號(hào) to 應(yīng)保留,且第二個(gè)不定式前要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,以區(qū)分表示目的的不定式。
二 . 逗號(hào)用于同位語、定語與句子的其他部分之間。如:
3. Greenland, _______ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
析:答案為 D 項(xiàng)。句中 Greenland 后面逗號(hào)的部分,在沒有連詞的情況下不可為 A 項(xiàng)的分句; B 項(xiàng)因 that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句而被排除; C 項(xiàng)因缺少引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 which 而被排除。句中 the largest island in the world 作 Greenland 的同位語。
4. The Olympic Games _______ in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
析:答案為 C 項(xiàng)。句中兩逗號(hào)之間是過去分詞短語作后置定語,相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句 which was first played…… ,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng),并且表明該動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成。
三 . 逗號(hào)用于作狀語的分詞短語前后。如:
5. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes
C. made D. to make
析:答案為 A 項(xiàng)。若選 B 項(xiàng)或 C 項(xiàng),句子就會(huì)因缺少連詞或主語而被排除。逗號(hào)在英語中不是并列連詞,所以其前面的結(jié)構(gòu)如果是主句,則其后面的就應(yīng)是從句或短語。 A 項(xiàng)和 D 項(xiàng)分別為現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式,都可以作狀語,但不定式作狀語置于句尾時(shí),除句中有插入成分,一般不用逗號(hào)隔開,故只能選 A 項(xiàng)。
四 . 逗號(hào)用于 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間。如:
6. _______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
析:答案為 C 項(xiàng)。 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語且置于句首時(shí),其后通常要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。
五 . 逗號(hào)用于非限制性定語從句的前后。如:
7. Carol said that the work would be done by October, _______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
析:答案為 D 項(xiàng)。英語中,非限制性定語從句通常要與主句用逗號(hào)隔開, which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常要置于句尾,起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。
六 . 逗號(hào)用于置于句首的狀語從句后;但從句置后時(shí),也可用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。如:
8. _______, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
析:答案為 D 項(xiàng)。 however 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句置于句首時(shí),其后通常要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。 however 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句后通常要緊跟形容詞或副詞,但主謂并不倒裝。
七 . 逗號(hào)用于兩個(gè)并列單句之間,且逗號(hào)后面須接連詞。如:
9. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
析:答案為 D 項(xiàng)。 but 連接兩個(gè)并列的句子,其后面的句子缺少主語,故選 it ,指代前面已被提及過的同一事物。
河南 劉新會(huì)
《高中英語語法-逗號(hào)考點(diǎn)全析》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理
逗號(hào)考點(diǎn)全析
標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在英語中往往易被同學(xué)們所忽略。其實(shí)正確掌握標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),尤其是逗號(hào),對分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)與解題有著十分重要的作用。
一 . 逗號(hào)用于并列成分之間。如果并列成分只有兩個(gè),且已有連詞連接,則不須再用逗號(hào)連接;但三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的并列成分之間,除最后兩個(gè)并列成分用連詞連接外,其余均須用逗號(hào)隔開。如:
1. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, _______ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
析:答案為 A 項(xiàng)。句中三個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞相連,時(shí)態(tài)一致,屬“ A,B and C ”句型。
2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
析:答案為 B 項(xiàng)。句中的兩個(gè)不定式短語作表語,其間并無連詞連接,這時(shí)第二個(gè)不定式符號(hào) to 應(yīng)保留,且第二個(gè)不定式前要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,以區(qū)分表示目的的不定式。
二 . 逗號(hào)用于同位語、定語與句子的其他部分之間。如:
3. Greenland, _______ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
析:答案為 D 項(xiàng)。句中 Greenland 后面逗號(hào)的部分,在沒有連詞的情況下不可為 A 項(xiàng)的分句; B 項(xiàng)因 that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句而被排除; C 項(xiàng)因缺少引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 which 而被排除。句中 the largest island in the world 作 Greenland 的同位語。
4. The Olympic Games _______ in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
析:答案為 C 項(xiàng)。句中兩逗號(hào)之間是過去分詞短語作后置定語,相當(dāng)于非限制性定語從句 which was first played…… ,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng),并且表明該動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成。
三 . 逗號(hào)用于作狀語的分詞短語前后。如:
5. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes
C. made D. to make
析:答案為 A 項(xiàng)。若選 B 項(xiàng)或 C 項(xiàng),句子就會(huì)因缺少連詞或主語而被排除。逗號(hào)在英語中不是并列連詞,所以其前面的結(jié)構(gòu)如果是主句,則其后面的就應(yīng)是從句或短語。 A 項(xiàng)和 D 項(xiàng)分別為現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式,都可以作狀語,但不定式作狀語置于句尾時(shí),除句中有插入成分,一般不用逗號(hào)隔開,故只能選 A 項(xiàng)。
四 . 逗號(hào)用于 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間。如:
6. _______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
析:答案為 C 項(xiàng)。 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語且置于句首時(shí),其后通常要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。
五 . 逗號(hào)用于非限制性定語從句的前后。如:
7. Carol said that the work would be done by October, _______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
析:答案為 D 項(xiàng)。英語中,非限制性定語從句通常要與主句用逗號(hào)隔開, which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句通常要置于句尾,起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。
六 . 逗號(hào)用于置于句首的狀語從句后;但從句置后時(shí),也可用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。如:
8. _______, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
析:答案為 D 項(xiàng)。 however 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句置于句首時(shí),其后通常要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。 however 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句后通常要緊跟形容詞或副詞,但主謂并不倒裝。
七 . 逗號(hào)用于兩個(gè)并列單句之間,且逗號(hào)后面須接連詞。如:
9. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
析:答案為 D 項(xiàng)。 but 連接兩個(gè)并列的句子,其后面的句子缺少主語,故選 it ,指代前面已被提及過的同一事物。
河南 劉新會(huì)
《高中英語語法-逗號(hào)考點(diǎn)全析》由留學(xué)liuxue86.com編輯整理