高考英語語法:高中英語語法-使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)受哪些限制

字號(hào):

《高中英語語法-使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)受哪些限制》由英語編輯整理,更多請(qǐng)?jiān)L問:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/。本內(nèi)容整理時(shí)間為05月12日,如有任何問題請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。
    使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)受哪些限制
    英語和漢語一樣,其動(dòng)作都有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)之分,漢語中不是所有的動(dòng)詞都可采用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu);同樣道理,英語中也有不少動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),即被動(dòng)語態(tài)。英語中,除不及物動(dòng)詞---即后面不能加賓語的動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)外,還有下列情況不能使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu):
    一、表示靜態(tài)、容納、適合等的及物動(dòng)詞。例如:
    She has a nice car.
    The woolen coat fits her well.
    二、賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞。例如:
    They promised me to go with me.
    Mr.Smith wanted to have a try.
    I enjoy listening to pop music.
    三、賓語是反身代詞。例如:
    She hurt herself this morning.
    They warned themselves to be careful.
    四、賓語是人身上的一部分或器官。例如:
    He put his hand on his chest and began to cough.
    I could hardly believe my ears.
    五、賓語是相互代詞。例如:
    They help each other in study.
    We must learn from each other.
    六、表示地點(diǎn)、處所、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體、組織的名詞作賓語。例如:
    She joined the Party last year.
    My dad reached Beijing this afternoon.
    七、賓語表示行為、方式,在意義上相當(dāng)于狀語。例如:
    She did her best.
    We shall make up our minds.
    八、賓語表示數(shù)量、重量、長度、大小等,在意義上相當(dāng)于狀語。例如:
    They walked two miles.
    The film lasted one and a half hours.
    This desk weighs 10kilograms.
    九、系動(dòng)詞sound,look,become,appear等也不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:
    Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago.
    This plan sounds a good one.
    十、一些詞,如happen,take place,occur,last,belong to等等,在漢語角度看來可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),但英語只能用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
    Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949.
    This car belongs to my uncle.
    十一、及物動(dòng)詞及其賓語在意義上構(gòu)成不可分割的固定詞組。例如:
    I made faces to have the baby laugh.
    We should never lose heart.
    十二、一些賓語從句也不能變成被動(dòng)語態(tài),否則意義就變了。例如:
    I knew that I was wrong then.(我認(rèn)識(shí)到當(dāng)時(shí)我錯(cuò)了。)
    It was known that I was wrong then.
    =I was known to be wrong then.(人們知道當(dāng)時(shí)我錯(cuò)了。)
    十三、當(dāng)賓語是抽象名詞時(shí)。例如:
    We showed special interest in science.
    十四、當(dāng)賓語為同源賓語時(shí)。例如:
    We lived a hard life in the old days.
    總之,能否用被動(dòng)語態(tài),除了應(yīng)了解英語的一些語法規(guī)則之外,還要充分考慮漢語的說話習(xí)慣,掌握其普通規(guī)律,同時(shí)注意一些特殊情況,否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)"中國式英語",也沒法學(xué)到"地道的英語"。
    《高中英語語法-使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)受哪些限制》由英語編輯整理,更多請(qǐng)?jiān)L問:https://www.liuxue86.com/english/